2. Rhinoceros sivalensis from DhokRhinoceros sivalensis from Dhok
Pathan Formation, The MiddlePathan Formation, The Middle
Siwaliks of PakistanSiwaliks of Pakistan
Khadija Sarwar, Abdul Majid Khan &Khadija Sarwar, Abdul Majid Khan &
Muhammad AkhtarMuhammad Akhtar
Department of Zoology,Department of Zoology,
University of PunjabUniversity of Punjab

3. Introduction to SiwaliksIntroduction to Siwaliks
HillsHills
South SaltRange.South SaltRange.
North MargallaHillsNorth MargallaHills
East Jhelum River.East Jhelum River.
WestWest Indus RiverIndus River.

4. Areas Of Fossil Collection In SiwaliksAreas Of Fossil Collection In Siwaliks
Epoch
Age (Million
Years ago)
Siwaliks
(Sub Group)
Formations Zones
0.5
Boulder
Conglomerate
1
3
4
5
6
6.5
7
8
9
10.5
11
11.5
12
13
14 Chinji
15
16
17
18
18.3
Miocene 25-10Ma
3.5
3.2
Lower Siwaliks
10.1
Nagri
Chinji
14.2
Middle
Siwaliks
11.2
10
Nagri
Soan
Kamlial
Chinji
Kamlial
Dhok
Pathan
Areas of Collection in Siwaliks
Pinjor
Tatrot
Pliestocene 2Ma to
11000 Years ago
Upper Siwaliks
2
Pliocene 10-2Ma
Dhok Pathan

5. The STUDY SECTIONThe STUDY SECTION
Dhok PathanDhok Pathan
AgeAge
Early to Middle PlioceneEarly to Middle Pliocene
ThicknessThickness
600-950m600-950m
Type localityType locality
Lies in the district Chakwal of Punjab province.Lies in the district Chakwal of Punjab province.
It is the type locality of the Dhok Pathan Formation.It is the type locality of the Dhok Pathan Formation.
LithologyLithology
Dhok Pathan Formation is composed ofDhok Pathan Formation is composed of
sandstone with alternate clay and minor layers ofsandstone with alternate clay and minor layers of
conglomerate is lower part and more conglomerates withconglomerate is lower part and more conglomerates with
sandstone and clay is upper part and this Formation hassandstone and clay is upper part and this Formation has
excellent cyclic deposition of sandstone and shale.excellent cyclic deposition of sandstone and shale.

6. OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
 To study the systematics ofTo study the systematics of
RhinoceroseRhinocerose sivalensissivalensis 10-3.5 million10-3.5 million
years old.years old.

7. Fossil Collection

8.  Rhinoceros sivalensis
 An Extinct species of
Rhinoceros
 A large species of
genus Rhinoceros

9. DENTAL FORMULA OFDENTAL FORMULA OF
RHINOCEROSRHINOCEROS
1-2/0-1, 0/11-2/0-1, 0/1
3-4/3-4, 3/33-4/3-4, 3/3
(I.C.P.M)(I.C.P.M)

10. TERMINOLOGY ANDTERMINOLOGY AND
MORPHOLOGY OFMORPHOLOGY OF
RHINOCEROS TOOTH CROWNRHINOCEROS TOOTH CROWN
MODIFIEDMODIFIED
AFTER HEISSIG (1972).AFTER HEISSIG (1972).

11. Identification ParameterIdentification Parameter

12. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF UPPERGENERAL DESCRIPTION OF UPPER
PREMOLAR OF RHINOCEROSPREMOLAR OF RHINOCEROS

13. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF UPPERGENERAL DESCRIPTION OF UPPER
MOLAR OF RHINOCEROSMOLAR OF RHINOCEROS

14. CLASSIFICATION OF THE TAXON DESCRIBED INCLASSIFICATION OF THE TAXON DESCRIBED IN
THE PRESENT STUDY(PROTHERO AND SCHOCH,THE PRESENT STUDY(PROTHERO AND SCHOCH,
1989)1989)
Phylum ChordataPhylum Chordata
Subphylum VertebrataSubphylum Vertebrata
Class Mammalia Linneaus,1758Class Mammalia Linneaus,1758
Order Perissodactyla Owen,1848Order Perissodactyla Owen,1848
Family Rhinocerotidea Owen,1845Family Rhinocerotidea Owen,1845
Subfamily Rhinocerotinae Owen,1845Subfamily Rhinocerotinae Owen,1845
Tribe Rhinocerotini Owen,1845Tribe Rhinocerotini Owen,1845
Sub tribe Rhinocerotina Owen,1845Sub tribe Rhinocerotina Owen,1845
Genus Rhinoceros Linneaus,1758Genus Rhinoceros Linneaus,1758
Species Rhinoceros sivalensisSpecies Rhinoceros sivalensis Falconer andFalconer and
Cautely,1847Cautely,1847

15. Studied Specimen
Rhinoceros sivalensisRhinoceros sivalensis
PUPC 09/115PUPC 09/115 (RP2-M1)(RP2-M1)
 The teeth are in late
wear
 There is no crista but
strongly developed
antecrochet and
weakly developed
crochet is present
 Entrance of median
valley is narrow and
open lingually

16. Rhinoceros sivalensisRhinoceros sivalensis
PUPC 09/115PUPC 09/115 (LM1)(LM1)

17. Studeied SpecimenStudeied Specimen
Rhinoceros sivalensisRhinoceros sivalensis PUPC 88/843aPUPC 88/843a (LM1-M3),(LM1-M3),
buccal view, scale bar 30 mmbuccal view, scale bar 30 mm

18. Studeied SpecimenStudeied Specimen
Rhinoceros sivalensisRhinoceros sivalensis PUPC 88/843bPUPC 88/843b (LM1-M3),(LM1-M3),
occlusal view, scale bar 30 mmocclusal view, scale bar 30 mm

19. Daignostic Features Of Molars Of
Rhinoceros sivalensis
 Molars with parastyle buttress
 A distinct crochet may unite with
protoloph to enclose a fossette.
 Crista or cristella are absent
 A strongly parastyle,no mesostyle
 Protocone is constricted by anterior and
posterior grooves
 Metaloph somewhat short,very
backwardly directed on M2.

20. Measurments in mm ofMeasurments in mm of Rhinoceros sivalensisRhinoceros sivalensis
ToothTooth
positionposition
P2P2 P3P3 P4P4 M1M1 M2M2 M3M3
LengthLength 3535 41.541.5 4545 4848 5353 4646
WidthWidth 3737 4848 5252 5151 5656 4949

21. Comparision Between R.sivalensis,R.unicornis,R.sondaicus
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
P2 P3 P4 P2 P3 P4
Length width
R.sivalensis
R.unicornis
R.sondaicus

22. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
M1 M2 M3 M1 M2 M3
Length width
R.sivalensis
R.unicornis
R.sondaicus

23. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
 PreviouslyPreviously RhinoceroseRhinocerose sivalensissivalensis
was recorded from Upper Siwaliks ofwas recorded from Upper Siwaliks of
Pakistan but in this study it isPakistan but in this study it is
recovered from the Dhok Pathanrecovered from the Dhok Pathan
formations, the Middle Siwaliks,formations, the Middle Siwaliks,
drawbacks the biostratigraphic rangedrawbacks the biostratigraphic range
of this species from Late Miocene toof this species from Late Miocene to
Middle Pliocene.Middle Pliocene.

24. Thank you