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#$ )5 + + N 4' *.'+ #K
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 #K " ? C'* $ O+
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#+ #'O^ 4^ * #'0% (K4T=,B 1?
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Slade*O?J "1994'3 $ 0#+
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Protease 2
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Wirecut 2
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# #'O^ " ' I #5C #$4 #$
)Manley, 2000Tucker and Woods, 1991;.(
,)5 + d ) M,+ 0 ?4c $Popper
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1
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104/002/036/1595/1291/1156/1624/596/5787/19
203/003/012181261507/535/55364/12
302/004/036/1595/121362/199/405/55085/13
402/002/036/152391/1155/1684/539/55562/14
502/004/036/15231369/179/348/53898/11
602/004/036/152391/1156/2058/454/56556/14
704/002/036/1595/121363/2081/475/53792/14
803/003/012181505/1614/461/53508/11
903/003/012181266/1624/471/55889/14
1001/003/012181268/1654/444/57028/12
1103/001/012181261/1579/471/56314/15
1204/002/064/8231365/1532/563/54797/12
1303/003/012181261561/413/56834/14
1402/004/064/895/1291/1151/144/524/57369/15
1504/004/064/895/121368/12456244/14
1602/002/036/1595/121368/2064/469/54246/15
1702/004/036/1595/1291/1153/2068/416/56581/13
1802/002/064/895/121361663/424/54451/15
1903/003/012181266/1417/532/56588/15
2003/003/01261264/1433/558/5753/13
2102/002/064/8231369/1264/455693/13
2203/005/012181264/1587/467/55949/15
2302/002/036/1595/1291/1153/2068/472/57224/14
2403/003/020181262/2263/484/55429/15
2502/002/064/82391/1152/1499/425/57369/17
2602/004/064/895/121361777/471/53153/14
2704/004/064/895/1291/1156/116/1596/57093/19
2803/003/041812674/979/458089/18
2905/003/012181261/1569/485/56409/16
3003/003/012181261702/516/56674/16
3104/004/036/1595/1291/1152/2042/521/57495/20
3204/002/064/895/121368/1215/505/57307/16
3304/004/036/1595/121368/1865/427/55774/15
3404/004/036/15231364/164/402/55901/15
3504/004/036/152391/1157/1641/579/56512/14
3604/002/036/15231363/1734/45/56438/12
3704/002/036/152391/1158/1712/577/57501/14
3804/004/064/82391/1153/1123/506/57358/15
3902/002/064/895/1291/1152/1101/596/58944/15
4002/004/064/82391/1159/1002/558/57717/15
4104/004/064/8231365/1065/462/55465/11
4203/003/012181264/1483/497/56855/14
4303/003/012181023/1652/536/58899/15
4402/004/064/8231369/1089/484/559/13
4504/002/064/82391/1152/1158/579/57016/16
4602/002/036/15231365/1761/448/54544/17
4703/003/012301264/1212/505/55338/14
4804/002/064/895/1291/1153/1205/585/58825/14
49----1501172/585/61724/16
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#1-5 , U VP" (-# /.W !< #
F1-( 0 , , 4 P" ( , -<X " .G.,) , 7 * ( Y , Z' [ E
F2-, 4 P" ( , -<X " .G.( 0 ,,) -#, , (1 "
F3-( , -<X " .G.,) -#, , U ( Z' [ E, 4 P"
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
8.64
11.48
14.32
17.16
20.00
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
DoughViscosity(pa.s)
A: Protease
C: Water Reduction(%)
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
5
10
15
20
25
30
BreakingForce(N)
B: Hemicellulase(%)A: Protease(%)
8.64
11.48
14.32
17.16
20.00
102.00
110.52
119.05
127.57
136.09
5
10
15
20
25
30
BreakingForce(N)
C: Water Reduction(%)E: Baking Time(second)
0.906172
0.994613
0.962209
0.719667
0.888825
0.000 0.250 0.500 0.750 1.000
Dough Viscosity(pa.s)
Breaking Force(N)
Whiteness Index(WI)
Sheet Moisture(%)
Combined
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F4-,) -< )" , U ( Z' [ E, 4 P" ( , -<X " .G.
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8.64
11.48
14.32
17.16
20.00 102.00
110.52
119.05
127.57
136.09
45
50
55
60
65
WhitenessIndex(WI)
C: Water Reduction(%) E: Baking Time(s)
0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
SheetMoisture(%)
A: Protease(%)
B: Hemicellulase(%)
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" =.)1387(, & .#5 0F 3 *$ ,+ 00 ?
._' # .%420,(K.
AACC. (2000). Approved methods of
analysis of the American associstion of cereal
chemists (10nd
edition). The American
Asscation of Cereal Chemists.
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jftn.srbiau.ac.ir

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Optimization of bread quality using Aspergillus oryzae protease

  • 1. 37 /1392!"/#$/%4FoodTechnology&Nutrition/Fall2013/Vol.10/No.4 % ' ( $# )*" + , -( " . /( 0 , -# (1 " ,) "1 ,2 a -(,3 4 5 6*b 6$ 7 -( 8/ ,c 9 6:; <=d a !"# "# $ % &'&($ b )"# $ % &'&($ !*"# c )) + ', -$ % &'&($ )')."# "# $ #/ d 0#) 0 1!"# "# $ % &'&($ :,3 & 45 6 $30/1/1390:,3 & <# = 6 $10/9/1390 < >$ <?:, >? @? 0 ) 0 A)B CD . ,+ ,E $ +'3 $ 0 ?5#A 0F# @? + ,G+ " / '3 $ 0 H &$@? $I A( '3 $ J A( 4'K' L + M' NO? #5 #.$ O$ 4O'B.4 ,)5 @ >5 #K " #'Q #@:R > S )T # & K) #U V'&($ M) X$ #= 0 ?05/0-005/0(O?I)05/0- 005/0() " ' I #5 5#A @?20-0("4!#)?) #'O^30-0(,&'B) 4T= "150-90 /_ ^#+ #'O^ ,) *. @? 0 #+ (,' U45#/ #B #+ ` 0 #$ 4+ a #'Q #K " K' 0 ?, ' + .45# = % 6 = , < K) + #K " '3 $ , ' + " ' I #5 M''b$ 4 E #5 c # 0 *2:" d )( ,e#/ , + " ! ?">' #'U $ " @'= c $ M''b$ 0 ?O?I,) *. #+ b)P 0.05O (+ ">' @? 34!#) " X$ #= ">' @ >5?#'O^ ,) *. @? f + 0 #$ ,* MOHb a ,+ J A( 4+ aO$ #'U $ 4($ 00 ? ) 5` . #B #+"#K 0 ? X$ #= R > ">' #'U $ 4($O?Ib a ,+ L# #'U $ 4($ 0#+ 0 ? ) 5. #BC' ($ +0 ? J c $ 1R > , ' + # & 6 = , 0O? X$ #= 0 ?4!#) " " ' I #5 @? I#'O^ ? g'$#$ ,+ 4T= "05/005/058/930,&'B17/135. #/ M''b$ ,' U B *:-, CK) V'&($ M 4 ,+ d ) #+R >?0X$ #=O?I" ' I #5$,) *. #+ /_ ^#+ #'O^. + /#U " 0 #$ 4+ a #'Q #K " K' 0 ?O? X$ #= R > , ' + # & K) + 3I " + #+ , O 0#K " '3 $ ,+ B " $/_. + 0 A)B ,5# 0 >' '3 $ 0#+ g K' 0 ? $D-< E -:, ' +0O? #K " 6 = , 0 J X$ #=I * .J X.% L$ *email: babakghiassi@Hotmail.com jftn.srbiau.ac.ir
  • 2. % ' ( $# )*" + , -( " . /( 0 , -,) "1 ,2 # (1 " 38 /1392!"/#$/%4FoodTechnology&Nutrition/Fall2013/Vol.10/No.4 <? #$ )5 + + N 4' *.'+ #K K )T k 0 , 4 *4T= g + ,' $ l 0> 5 ,(K M'+ J ' " 0#'O^ 0>- " 4O.B C+" =)1387.( #K " ? C'* $ O+ )Dogan, 2006Manley, 2000;" m ^#+ .( / #) '+ #K'3 $ M'X$ #= R S'bH 0 ? 4T / ,e#? # n O o )^ ? + #$ $ / ,*L +0 BC'* $ 0#$, #/$ J " # . C'3 ,+p3 ?@T= R).' ? #'O^M' ,KB ,+ #1@T= M' NO? %I #+ #'O^ 4^ * #'0% (K4T=,B 1? 4^ * #' ` 45 + +)Ged and Sarabijit, 1995; Cauvain and Young, 2001.(5#a " M' =#+ 4 M*O #'O^ 'X$ #= 0 )( ,B *() 0'3 $ gL + #'Uq$ #K 0 ? ,B" =) #/ * ! @'+ #K 0 ?1387.(3 ,G+ MX$ #= R > K) + " $1 0 ')r= 0 ? '= >'3 '? Q ,+ " ' I #5E /$ C'* $ / M$#'O^ M$ / ,*L b+ O 0#'/ E) M'O?+ 0 ? " $ ) #+ # + >' 0#$I + 'X$ #= 0 )(Tucker and Woods, 1991; Aehle, 2007.(#K " ' I #5 ,+ + ') 4 E 5 & 0 4. + = 0#+ g ,) *.+ #'O^ 4T)Manley, 1998 ; Manley, 20004+ a ,e #? 5#a .( ,B $ / ^ s#$ ,+ #1 + #) '+ #K 0 ? ,B tG M) #+# b+ ?J A( )Navaret, 2004Q M'O? ,+ .(" $ O?I2 " ) = %I A$ >'3 '? 4 E >'0 ? J A$ 4'5#u R > M . O K) E " ) =0 ?@? /?)Law and Whitehurst, 2002; Tucker and Woods, 1991.( ,1')C'* $ # " ' $ #'O^ ,) *. @T= " ' I #5 ? ) M'O? . ? @?,) *. @? C'3 ,+ 4 4T= " " ' I #5 5#A ">' @ >5 J A( ? + ,)5 @? 5#A 0F# +)Popper, 2004;Hansen et al., 2008.( c $ 1 V'&($Haarasilta" *O? J1993#'Q $I A( '3 $ 0#+4' *.'+ " # ,5 H + , g'$#$ M + ,D 0 ^ " O?@? I I155#A /_ + $I A( " ' I #5'3 $ g K' 0 ? J A( ? + 4T= " @? + M' NO? #/ # '= @ >5)Haarasilta et al., 1993.( Slade*O?J "1994'3 $ 0#+ + #$ #' k p # # #'Q p ^ %I A( w#b %I A( M . ,D M'D = 4+ a COC O > g' #$ p c $ O > 0 ">' B $ #B ? / )+ ? ) = O?M J ( >3" ) = C ,? " / )+ J ( 0 ?. '= @? + ?# # 4! 4+ a +4#' %? ! 4+ a +3,+ %) 4Slade et al., 1994.(? X$ #= 4Ly #U z A^ >/ O?$ #K " #'O^ ? IcPopper,J 2004) " V'&($ .4 ,D /_ #+ 0#+ K)* F 3 D 0 ? " ! d ) . #/ K) +#+ m#/ ' #'O^ ,) *. 45 f + R > M K) , + #'O^) #/Popper, 2004J .(2006 ,) *. @ >5 " + #K " ,) | 0#+ K) V #a 45 + L + 4 #'O^ / L.e 0 ! #'O^ < M . #/ k + ' K3 a T2 R >% ,+ ) = X$ #= 0 ?30,&'B CO'B p . 0K )T # & 4T= CLB ,& 0# , O , . #/ ,5 H ' K3 R > ) = X$ #= " + LB " ' I #5 O? #'O^ *() @ >5 J " C ! d ) . #/ ,' $ G )5 + z ^ #) + ? .! 0 #$0#$ 1 Protease 2 Hemicellulase jftn.srbiau.ac.ir
  • 3. 39 /1392!"/#$/%4FoodTechnology&Nutrition/Fall2013/Vol.10/No.4 4 #O? ,+0#' O e @ >5 @ . ,+ 0 #$ + ,G+ n #/ < >/ J A( )K , OK3 " + ? 0 ?) + 'Nicolas and Hansen, 2006.(D>E > E #U z A^ ">' ,+ O F #L'5 S )T + + /30-0" % K) " +O? R >R > K) + I O?">' ,+ I4/0/_ #+ " %K' 0 ? R' #'#+1 .4 ,)5#/ 1 &'&($ >' @T= 4L. @ >5 f + R > M K)/ ,Q! C+ B G+ #'@ >5 # 0 )Uysal et al., 2007?.(X$ #= K) M' NO O?0 '.+ ? L + " ,+ " #'O^ I ) 4 ,)5#/ #B #+ % &'&($Dagdelen and Gosmen, 2007; Keskin et al., 2004; Haarasilta et al., 1991.( " ' I #5 @? 0 A)B #Q , 1 V #a #K "#) '+ ? + 0F# m#A @? M #+ + ,5# ,+ " #& " / '3 $ 0#+ O " .* % 1 ^ ,+ 0 0 ? 4'K'3 + R > K) + tG. #K " '3 $ V'&($ M O? X$ #=5#A @? m ? + I )O ).+ " ' I #5}K! k ,+ '3 $ # ) M , ' + " ' I #5 ,+ + ') 4'K' 45#/ #B #+. @ # -# V'&($ M) e B X$ #= R >Aspergillus oryzaeO > 4'3 b5 + (PU/gr15000R > O?) e B IAspergillus oryzae4'3 b5 + ( O >HXU/gr127504 # ,' $8'O' R >8. #/ K)4 E J V'&($ M " 1. K) ?#'O^ ,) *. 0#'/ "0 ?#) D ) K) + #KAnton Paar JMCR 301+ ,) *. . 1 " O3 4^ K)~ #5 @+ "2 ( )01/0$20 4 Whiteness Index 5 Three – Point Bending Test 2 Frecuency Sweep @ # (>$#?3 4+ U025/00C?25 , O ,O? ,) *. . 0#'/~ #5 ?Hz1 " 4+ a . ,)5#/ #Q< K) + ? AACCO ,+16-44. 0#'/#+ 4 E ) #K " ``J g3#) ? dHunter Lab Color Flex">' V'&($ M . #/ K) " ` 0 'K0 'K ~ c $ #K 0 ?4 VLa ,G+1,e#? , g'$#$ M + #/ ,L (WI#) '+ " `#$ 'K+)Barbosa and Gould, 2000" 0 #$ .(+ ) c $ #K 0 ?45d TestometricJM350 – 10 CT4^ , @O^ " + " ).,G&054 . + " Mload cell50 #= 4 #! 4 # M$ '1 '0 #+ , = , 5 ,' U #)12 '4 / R'Q $ #))Sahin and Sumnu, 2006.( )1( :" , WI0 'K ~ = La= b` 0 ? ) 5g3#) ? d -,) / @ 1 % = '& #K " '3 $ C!# ,' ) C #K " " ' I #5 . #/100(4O.B )145(4O.B) M75/1(4O.B) M').325/0(4O.B +% +#) R75/0(4O.B+) R % +#1/1 R? o )^ < V #a , + (4O.B#.*' " ,+ % =%54 # + ,&'B950,&'B . #/ o T@'= 6 = , < 0 J VLa "0 ?#'-) ( M #+ 1 ? b #+ 4($M'+ X$ #= R > ">'005/0$05/0 O? R > ">'M'+ I005/0$05/0 M'+ " ' I #5 @?0$20" % 4!#)?M'+ #'O^0$304T= " % ,&'B M'+90$150" ~= . #/ M''b$ ,' U 1 Wirecut 2 Frecuency Sweep 3 Strain jftn.srbiau.ac.ir
  • 4. % ' ( $# )*" + , -( " . /( 0 , -,) "1 ,2 # (1 " 40 /1392!"/#$/%4FoodTechnology&Nutrition/Fall2013/Vol.10/No.4 4!#)a M''b$ ?) #'O^ J #5 #? VL #K 4T=M K) 4T= #5 . #/ J a ,+ 0> 5 ,(K V'&($cm26w#cm21 0 #+ " % (K % #! , + C'* $230,E R'Q $ # '). + #/670 #+ #'O^ #/ ~= @T= ) M ' = ,(K" 4KE 0 #+ ,(K #?" % ,+ ,).+ # *0 ? J #5 M''b$. 1 4T= % ' O S )T 0 ? ,B € #^ ~=Q ,+ 4T= ) #K 0 ? R? " # p ^" "• c'( 0 + ?0 ? ! #K2~r . #B c'( 0 ,&'B ,.' C^ #K 0 ? "‚ '$ r ?" $ " 1,).+ 0 b+ 0 ?. ) / 0 + -- ' F G B " d ) C' ($4 E , ' + " ' I #5 M''b$ ? 6 = , < # J c $ #K " '3 $1 |#a 2 CCD# V #a0 >5Design Expert 4 # J A(Stat – Ease@ #8.0.2.01 . *2 " ,1'), O #+ ,)5#/ 1 0 ? J E V'&($ K)1" C ! d )0 ? " 0 #+ ,)5#/ 1J E #K 0 ?2" J E J " ) d = .42">' # , O? X$ #= R > " >5 @? ">' I " %4!#)?4T= " %+ # c $" @'= ,+ ,E $ + 0 >51 0 ? b M + M''b$,490 ? ) 5 + " >5 # c $ 0 J #+ M''b$ @'= 6 = d ) #/ !#a K)b S )T 0 ? " 4+ a " ` 45 + 0 #$ #'O^ ,) *. ƒ^ " b+ , 0 '3 $~= + M''b$ K' 0 ? 4 + M'b c # ", 1 . 0 #K " ,) #)O ,) *. #K #'O^ ,e#? 2 Central Composite Design 3 Desirability ! $) #) '+ 0 #$ #$ 'K #)O )+ a 0 )( # + ( )O ,+ #$, >1$ 3 C' ($,+ 0 ?0 c+ K) + 4 ,+ 6 = 0 ?#K " p % AT M)5#/ #Q g #" 4 ,+ 4 E c # M #$ • 5 % AT + 3 A(: X$ #= R > ">' )05/0 O? R > ">': I05/0 @? :" ' I #558/94!#) ":#'O^ ?30 :#'O^ 4T= " ,&'B17/135,+ (,' U4 4'+ G ,E ,32 O "1.4 HG C' ($4($ #'O^ ,) *. " 0 0 ? O? R > #'U $IOn +J !,*0 ?#'-) #'Uq$ 4!#) " @? X$ #= R >#+ #'O^ ? b ,) *. 0) 4P 0/05.(" O?, a C*1?@ >5 + #'O^ ,) *. ">'@? X$ #= R >@ >5 + , #e + " " g #T$ 0#) '+ $ / ,*L X$ #= @ >5 + M' NO? .4 ,) #O? ,+ #'O^ # #'O^ " ' I #5C #$4 #$ )Manley, 2000Tucker and Woods, 1991;.( ,)5 + d ) M,+ 0 ?4c $Popper ) TO?Popper, 2004.( " 0 #$,+ #K 0 ?b a)0P 0/054($ ( ,' #'U $? ) 5C* ,+ ,E $ + . #B2">' 4Q X$ #=O? M' = 0 ?#+ e #'Uq$ I 4Q J A( 0 #$O? 0I + 0 ?I M).* 4 E I 0 #' ">' X$ #= @? + ,BR ?0 #$ .(0 #$ @ >5),B+ #K 0 ? ! $ @?14@? 4T= " @ >5 C* ) +3" @ >5 + , 4. # M C'3 .( @? + € ^ J A( 0#) '+ 4T= #$ #$ 45 + 4+ a) 4Dogan, 2006" .( + >' < #+ *'99,E J M " 'Oa ' q$. O 1 Response Surface Methodology jftn.srbiau.ac.ir
  • 5. 41 /1392!"/#$/%4FoodTechnology&Nutrition/Fall2013/Vol.10/No.4 ! <I1-(' B *: ?G # $# )*" # # ' - , *2,C B - ('$< @ C , # ? 4+ a72/12( ) #). ^5/0(p ^ ) M'X$ #=5/11(p ^ ) a# M$ /25( ) ! <I2-(' B ( FK = L *- ' !< +" $< = ,3 - $(' *E 21 X$ #= R > (%) *E 22 O? R >I (%) *E 23 @? (%) *E 24 4!#) "? #'O^)min( *E 25 4T= " )S( P"1 #'O^ ,) *. )Pas.s( P"2 45 + 0 #$ )N( P"3 " ` )WI( P"4 " 4+ a (%) 104/002/036/1595/1291/1156/1624/596/5787/19 203/003/012181261507/535/55364/12 302/004/036/1595/121362/199/405/55085/13 402/002/036/152391/1155/1684/539/55562/14 502/004/036/15231369/179/348/53898/11 602/004/036/152391/1156/2058/454/56556/14 704/002/036/1595/121363/2081/475/53792/14 803/003/012181505/1614/461/53508/11 903/003/012181266/1624/471/55889/14 1001/003/012181268/1654/444/57028/12 1103/001/012181261/1579/471/56314/15 1204/002/064/8231365/1532/563/54797/12 1303/003/012181261561/413/56834/14 1402/004/064/895/1291/1151/144/524/57369/15 1504/004/064/895/121368/12456244/14 1602/002/036/1595/121368/2064/469/54246/15 1702/004/036/1595/1291/1153/2068/416/56581/13 1802/002/064/895/121361663/424/54451/15 1903/003/012181266/1417/532/56588/15 2003/003/01261264/1433/558/5753/13 2102/002/064/8231369/1264/455693/13 2203/005/012181264/1587/467/55949/15 2302/002/036/1595/1291/1153/2068/472/57224/14 2403/003/020181262/2263/484/55429/15 2502/002/064/82391/1152/1499/425/57369/17 2602/004/064/895/121361777/471/53153/14 2704/004/064/895/1291/1156/116/1596/57093/19 2803/003/041812674/979/458089/18 2905/003/012181261/1569/485/56409/16 3003/003/012181261702/516/56674/16 3104/004/036/1595/1291/1152/2042/521/57495/20 3204/002/064/895/121368/1215/505/57307/16 3304/004/036/1595/121368/1865/427/55774/15 3404/004/036/15231364/164/402/55901/15 3504/004/036/152391/1157/1641/579/56512/14 3604/002/036/15231363/1734/45/56438/12 3704/002/036/152391/1158/1712/577/57501/14 3804/004/064/82391/1153/1123/506/57358/15 3902/002/064/895/1291/1152/1101/596/58944/15 4002/004/064/82391/1159/1002/558/57717/15 4104/004/064/8231365/1065/462/55465/11 4203/003/012181264/1483/497/56855/14 4303/003/012181023/1652/536/58899/15 4402/004/064/8231369/1089/484/559/13 4504/002/064/82391/1152/1158/579/57016/16 4602/002/036/15231365/1761/448/54544/17 4703/003/012301264/1212/505/55338/14 4804/002/064/895/1291/1153/1205/585/58825/14 49----1501172/585/61724/16 jftn.srbiau.ac.ir
  • 6. % ' ( $# )*" + , -( " . /( 0 , -,) "1 ,2 # (1 " 42 /1392!"/#$/%4FoodTechnology&Nutrition/Fall2013/Vol.10/No.4 #1-5 , U VP" (-# /.W !< # F1-( 0 , , 4 P" ( , -<X " .G.,) , 7 * ( Y , Z' [ E F2-, 4 P" ( , -<X " .G.( 0 ,,) -#, , (1 " F3-( , -<X " .G.,) -#, , U ( Z' [ E, 4 P" 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 8.64 11.48 14.32 17.16 20.00 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 DoughViscosity(pa.s) A: Protease C: Water Reduction(%) 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 5 10 15 20 25 30 BreakingForce(N) B: Hemicellulase(%)A: Protease(%) 8.64 11.48 14.32 17.16 20.00 102.00 110.52 119.05 127.57 136.09 5 10 15 20 25 30 BreakingForce(N) C: Water Reduction(%)E: Baking Time(second) 0.906172 0.994613 0.962209 0.719667 0.888825 0.000 0.250 0.500 0.750 1.000 Dough Viscosity(pa.s) Breaking Force(N) Whiteness Index(WI) Sheet Moisture(%) Combined jftn.srbiau.ac.ir
  • 7. 43 /1392!"/#$/%4FoodTechnology&Nutrition/Fall2013/Vol.10/No.4 F4-,) -< )" , U ( Z' [ E, 4 P" ( , -<X " .G. F5-, 4 P" ( , -<X " .G.( 0 ,,) U 3 - *G , (1 " `"b a ,+ #K 0 ?#'Uq$ 4($ 0 4!#) " 4T= " @? 0 ? ) 5? #'O^) +P 0/05">' #'Uq$ 4($ 6 = M 3 .( O? X$ #= R >O I" O? . +, , / C*4"4T= " @ >5 @? + ? @? 0 'K ~` " #'$ C'3 . + "@ 4 ,+ ?@ >5 @? + ' 0 ? ) + 4T= "Dogan, 2006.( C' ($ #+" 0 ? ) 5 #'Uq$ 0 0 ? 4!#) " 4T=4+ a #+ #'O^ ? b J A() +P 0/05@ >5 + .( O?I• 4+ a X$ #= @?@? #K 0 ? M " )+ @? M 4 . +# ,'E $ , / O? @ >5 + ,#'O^ 0#) '+ I • 4+ a #'TL$ M 4T= M'! ,? @?C* ) +5.( B *-, C K) V'&($ M 4 ,+ d ) #+ R >O? X$ #= 0 ?T+ " ,+ I " ' I #5/_ #+ $#'Q #K " K' 0 ? /#U J A( 45 + 4+ a #'O^ ,) *. . + # #K " p % AT M)5#/ #Q + g#$" 4 ,+ 4 E c # M, 0#K " /_ " + #+0#+ g K' 0 ? M' = O$ 4O'B >' '3 $,+ " #& ,) 0#$ + ,) 0#)O % b H 0 #5 ? + ,5# K)O? X$ #= R >">' ,+ #? I 05/0?">' ,+ " ' I #5 @58/9 4!#) "% ,+ #'O^ ?30" ,&'B % ,+ #'O^ 4T=17/135,' U,' $M + , g'$#$,+ 0 4'K' " + #'-) ,+ ,E $ + " $ 8.64 11.48 14.32 17.16 20.00 102.00 110.52 119.05 127.57 136.09 45 50 55 60 65 WhitenessIndex(WI) C: Water Reduction(%) E: Baking Time(s) 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 SheetMoisture(%) A: Protease(%) B: Hemicellulase(%) jftn.srbiau.ac.ir
  • 8. % ' ( $# )*" + , -( " . /( 0 , -,) "1 ,2 # (1 " 44 /1392!"/#$/%4FoodTechnology&Nutrition/Fall2013/Vol.10/No.4 '3 $ C!# 0#) '+ J#) #K '3 $ % 1 ^ >' 4 44 + #$I + 4'K' + 3 A( . ' CB ! ,+ #5 M'! % b H - ]" ^" < „ 4 # C #= 4 # , O'O 0 *O? % * % = " #B ')^ + , ,5 * ?#L '=# &$ O 0 V'&($ M #* $. #/ _ . " =.)1387(, & .#5 0F 3 *$ ,+ 00 ? ._' # .%420,(K. AACC. (2000). Approved methods of analysis of the American associstion of cereal chemists (10nd edition). The American Asscation of Cereal Chemists. Aehle, W. (2007). Enzyme in industry (3rd edition). Enzymes in baking.Wiley-VCH.p: 99-109. Barbosa, G. V. & Gould, G. W. (2000). Innovations in food processing. CRC. p: 225- 227. Cauvain, S. & Young, L. (2001). Baking problems solved. CRC press. p: 199. Dagdelen, A. F. & Gocmen, D. (2007). Effects of hemicellulase, ascorbic acid and glucose oxidase on dough and bread quality. Journal of Food Quality, 30: 1009-10022. Dogan, I. S. (2006). Factors affecting wafer sheet quality. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 41: 569-576. Ged, O. & Sarabjit, S. (1995). Wafer Batters: a Rheological Study. Journal Science Food Agriculture, 67: 221-227. Haarasilta, S., Pullinen, T., Tammersalo, I., Vaisanen, S. & Franti, H. (1991). Enzyme product and method of improving the properties of dough and the quality of bread. United State Patent, PN: 4990343. Haarasilta, S., Pullinen, T., Tammersalo, I., Vaisanen, S. & Franti, H. (1993). Method of improving the production process of cereal products by enzyme addition. United State Patent, PN: 5176927. Hansen, C. E., Nicolas, P. & Baltasar, V. (2008). Moisture resistant wafer. European Patent Application, PN:1982598 A1. Keskin, S., Sumnu, G. & Sahin, S. (2004). Usage of enzymes in a novel baking process. Nahrung Food, 48: 156-160. Law, B. A. & Whitehurst, R. (2002). Enzymes in food technology. Sheffield Academic Press. p:1-30. Manley, D. (1998). Biscuit, cookie and cracker manufacturing manuals. (manual 1, ingredients). Woodhead publishing. Manley, D. (2000). Technology of biscuit, crackers and cookies. CRC.p:299-307. Navarrete, N., Moraga, G., Talens, P. & Amparo, C. N. (2004). Water sorption and the plasticization effect in wafers. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 39: 555-562. Nicolas, N. & Hansen, C. E. (2006). Flour based food product comprising thermostable alpha-amylase. United States Patent, PN: 20060057270A1. Popper, L. (2004). Enzymes in biscuit, cracker and wafer production. Asia Pacific Food Industry, 16(3): 28-32. Sahin, S. & Sumnu, S. G. (2006). Physical properties of foods. Springer.p: 90-92. Slade, L., Levine, H., Craig, S. & Arciszewski, H. (1994). Reducing Checking in Crackers with Pentosanase. United States Patent. PN: 005176927A. Tucker, G. A. & Woods, L. F. (1991). Enzymes in food processing. Enzymes in the baking industry. springer published (2nd edition). p: 177-213. Uysal, H., Bilgicli, N., Elgun, A., Ibanoglu, S., Herken, E. N. & Kursat demir, M. (2007). Effect of dietry fibre and xylanase enzyme addition on the selected properties of wire-cut cookies. Journal of Food Eengeering, 78: 1074-1078. jftn.srbiau.ac.ir