personality

2. PERSONALITY
• PERSONALITYHAS BEEN DEFINEDIN VARIOUSWAYS, INCLUDINGONE’S OUTWARDAPPEARANCE, ONE’S
ROLE IN LIFE,THE TOTALITYOF ONE’S QUALITIESOR ATTRIBUTES,ONE’S GENERALBEHAVIORPATTERN
AND MANY OTHERS.
• THE WORD COMES FROM ALATINSOURCE “PERSONA” MEANING MASK, ESPECIALLYONE WORN BY AN
ACTOR.
• SOMETIMES, WE USE THE WORD PERSONALITY TO DESCRIBEAN INDIVIDUAL’SMOST STRIKING
CHARACTERISTIC.WHEN WE REFER TO SOMEONE AS HAVINGA DOMINANT ORSOBER PERSONALITY.

3. DEFINITIONS
CHARACTERISTICSPATTERNOF BEHAVIOR,THOUGHTANDEMOTION THATDETERMINE A PERSON’S
ADJUSTMENT TO THEENVIRONMENT IS KNOWN AS PERSONALITY.
PERSONALITYIS MORE OR LESS STABLEAND ENDURINGORGANIZATION OF A PERSON’S CHARACTER,
TEMPERAMENT, INTELLECT,AND PHYSIQUETHATDETERMINES HIS UNIQUE ADJUSTMENT TO HIS
ENVIRONMENT (EYSENCK)

4. ACCORDINGTO GUILFORD,A PERSON’S UNIQUEPATTERN OF TRAITSIS CALLEDPERSONALITY.
KOLB DEFINES PERSONALITYAS EACHINDIVIDUALCHARACTERISTICALLYRECURRINGPATTERNS OF
BEHAVIOR.

5. • PERSONALITYIS THE UNIQUEPATTERN OF ENDURINGPSYCHOLOGICALAND BEHAVIORAL
CHARACTERISTICSBYWHICHEACH PERSON CAN BECOMPARED AND CONTRASTEDWITHOTHER
PEOPLE.
• THE STUDYOF PERSONALITYCAN INVOLVEALLFACETS OH HUMAN BEHAVIORAND CAN ENCOMPASS
ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL, SOCIAL,EXPERIMENTAL, PHYSIOLOGICALAND CLINICALPSYCHOLOGY.

6. PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS
• CONSISTENCY
• THERE IS GENERALLYA RECOGNIZABLEORDER AND REGULARITYTO BEHAVIORS.ESSENTIALLY,PEOPLE
ACT IN THE SAME WAYOR IN SIMILARWAYS IN A VARIETYOF SITUATIONS.
• PSYCHOLOGICALANDPHYSIOLOGICAL
• PERSONALITYIS A PSYCHOLOGICALCONSTRUCT,BUT RESEARCHSUGGESTSTHATIT IS ALSO
INFLUENCEDBYBIOLOGICALPROCESSES AND NEEDS.

7. • AFFECTSBEHAVIORSANDACTIONS
• PERSONALITYNOT ONLY INFLUENCESHOW WE MOVE AND RESPOND IN OUR ENVIRONMENT, BUTITALSO
CAUSES US TO ACT IN CERTAINWAYS.
• MULTIPLEEXPRESSIONS
• PERSONALITYIS DISPLAYEDIN MORE THAN JUSTBEHAVIOR.IT CAN ALSO BE SEEN IN OUR THOUGHTS,
FEELINGS, CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS,AND OTHER SOCIAL INTERACTIONS.

8. TYPES OF PERSONALITY
• EXTROVERTPERSONALITY
• THISTYPE HAS THETENDENCYTO LIVEMOSTLY OUTSIDE THE LIKETO LIVEWITHOTHERS. THOSE
INDIVIDUALSAREHIGHLYSOCIALIZEDAND HAVECONTACT WITH OUTSIDEPEOPLE IN THE SOCIETY. THEY
WANT TO JOIN OTHER GROUPS WHO ARE MORE IN NUMBER. THESETYPE OFPEOPLE ARE DRIVERS,
EXCESSIVE DRINKERS,SMOKERS, ROBBERS, THIEVES, WICKEDPERSONS ETC.

10. • INTROVERTPERSONALITY
• INTROVERTIS OPPOSITE TO EXTROVERT. THOSE PEOPLE AREALWAYSLIVEALONEIN THEIR ROOMS AND
DO NOT WANT TO GO OUTSIDE. THEYHAVETHEIR OWN IMAGINARYWORLD.THEY ARETEACHERS,
SCIENTISTS, THINKERSAND PHILOSOPHERS.

12. • AMBIVERTPERSONALITY
• BETWEEN EXTROVERTAND INTROVERT
PERSONALITIES THEREIS A THIRDONE TYPE
CALLEDAMBIVERT.PEOPLE BELONGINGTO
THISTYPE ENJOY BOTH THE GROUPS AND
ATTENDTHEM.
• THEY HAVEMIDDLEMIND AND WANTTO LIVEIN
BOTH PARTIES. SOMETIMES THEY JOIN
OUTSIDE PEOPLE BUTSOMETIMES THEYLIVEIN
THEIROWN ROOMS.

13. HOW PERSONALITY DEVELOPS
THERE AREA NUMBEROF THEORIES ABOUT PERSONALITY,AND DIFFERENT SCHOOLS OF THOUGHTIN
PSYCHOLOGY INFLUENCEMANY OF THESE THEORIES. SOME THEORIES DESCRIBE HOW PERSONALITIES
ARE EXPRESSED, AND OTHERS FOCUS MORE ON HOW PERSONALITY DEVELOPS.
• TYPETHEORIES
• TYPE THEORIES SUGGEST THATTHERE ARE A LIMITEDNUMBEROF PERSONALITYTYPES THAT ARE
RELATEDTO BIOLOGICALINFLUENCES.

14. • TYPETHEORIES
ONE THEORY SUGGESTS THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF PERSONALITY. THEY ARE:
• TYPEA:PERFECTIONIST, IMPATIENT, COMPETITIVE, WORK-OBSESSED, ACHIEVEMENT-ORIENTED,
AGGRESSIVE, STRESSED
• TYPEB:LOW STRESS, EVEN-TEMPERED, FLEXIBLE, CREATIVE, ADAPTABLE TO CHANGE, PATIENT, TENDENCY TO
PROCRASTINATE
• TYPEC:HIGHLY CONSCIENTIOUS, PERFECTIONIST, STRUGGLES TO REVEAL EMOTIONS (POSITIVE AND
NEGATIVE)
• TYPED:WORRYING, SAD, IRRITABLE, PESSIMISTIC, NEGATIVE SELF-TALK, AVOIDANCE OF SOCIAL SITUATIONS,
LACK OF SELF-CONFIDENCE, FEAR OF REJECTION, APPEARS GLOOMY, HOPELESS

15. • TRAITTHEORIES
TRAITSREPRESENT STRUCTURESOR HABITSWITHINA PERSON AND ARENOT THECONSTRUCTION OF
OBSERVERS; THEYARE THEPRODUCT OF BOTHGENETIC PREDISPOSITIONS AND EXPERIENCE.
TRAITTHEORIES TEND TO VIEWPERSONALITY AS THE RESULT OF INTERNALCHARACTERISTICSTHATARE
GENETICALLYBASED ANDINCLUDE:
• AGREEABLE:CARES ABOUTOTHERS, FEELS EMPATHY, ENJOYS HELPINGOTHERS
• CONSCIENTIOUSNESS:HIGHLEVELSOF THOUGHTFULNESS,GOOD IMPULSE CONTROL, GOAL-DIRECTED
BEHAVIORS
• EAGER-TO-PLEASE:ACCOMMODATING,PASSIVE, AND CONFORMING

16. • EXTRAVERSION:EXCITABILITY,SOCIABILITY,TALKATIVENESS,ASSERTIVENESS, AND HIGH AMOUNTS OF
EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIVENESS
• INTROVERSION:QUIET, RESERVED
• NEUROTICISM:EXPERIENCES STRESS AND DRAMATICSHIFTS IN MOOD, FEELS ANXIOUS, WORRIES
ABOUT DIFFERENT THINGS, GETS UPSET EASILY, STRUGGLESTO BOUNCEBACKAFTER STRESSFUL
EVENTS
• OPENNESS:VERYCREATIVE,OPEN TO TRYINGNEW THINGS,FOCUSES ON TACKLINGNEW CHALLENGES

17. • TRAITSSUCHAS SOCIABILITY,IMPULSIVENESS, METICULOUSNESS, TRUTHFULNESS,AND DECEIT ARE
ASSUMED TO BE MORE OR LESS STABLEOVERTIME AND ACROSS SITUATIONS.

18. • PSYCHODYNAMICTHEORIES
• PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORIES OF PERSONALITY AREHEAVILYINFLUENCEDBY THEWORK OF SIGMUND
FREUD AND EMPHASIZE THE INFLUENCEOF THEUNCONSCIOUS MIND ON PERSONALITY.
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORIES INCLUDESIGMUND FREUD’SPSYCHOSEXUAL STAGE THEORYAND ERIK
ERIKSON’S STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT.

19. • BEHAVIORALTHEORIES
• BEHAVIORALTHEORIES SUGGEST THAT PERSONALITY IS A RESULT OF INTERACTIONBETWEEN THE
INDIVIDUALAND THE ENVIRONMENT.
• BEHAVIORALTHEORISTS STUDY OBSERVABLEAND MEASURABLEBEHAVIORS,OFTEN IGNORINGTHE
ROLE OF INTERNALTHOUGHTSAND FEELINGS.BEHAVIORALTHEORISTS INCLUDEB.F. SKINNERAND
JOHN B. WATSON.

20. • HUMANISTTHEORIES
• HUMANISTTHEORIES EMPHASIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF FREE WILLAND INDIVIDUALEXPERIENCE IN
DEVELOPING APERSONALITY. HUMANISTTHEORISTS INCLUDECARLROGERS AND ABRAHAMMASLOW.

21. FACTORS AFFECTING PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
ON THEBASIS OF PREVIOUS THEORIES WE STUDIEDSO FAR
• NAME THE FACTORS WHICHAFFECT THE PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT??

22. • GENETICS??
• BIOLOGICALCHARACTERISTICS/INHERITEDTRAITS??

23. • ENVIRONMENTALFACTORS??
• HIGHLIGHTTHE ENVIRONMENTALFACTORS WHICHMIGHT INFLUENCEDEVELOPMENT??

25. • AMONG THE FOLLOWINGENVIRONMENTAL FACTORSWHICHHAS THE MOST PROFOUND IMPACT ON
PERSONALITY ACCORDINGTO YOUR OPINION??

26. REFERENCES
SHAHNAZ,R. (2010).AN APPROACH TO PSYCHOLOGY. CARAVANBOOK HOUSE: LAHORE
HTTPS://WWW.VERYWELLMIND.COM/WHAT-IS-PERSONALITY-2795416