Logging for Hackers - What you need to know to catch them

Logging for Hackers
How you can catch them with what
you already have and a walk through
of an actual attack and how we
caught it
Michael Gough – Founder
MalwareArchaeology.com

Who am I
• Blue Team Defender Ninja, Malware Archaeologist, Logoholic
• I love “properly” configured logs – they tell us Who, What, Where,
When and hopefully How
Creator of
• Malware Management Framework
• Several Windows Logging Cheat Sheets
• Co-Creator of “Log-MD” – Log Malicious Discovery Tool
– With @Boettcherpwned – Brakeing Down Security PodCast
• @HackerHurricane and also my Blog

Malware Archaeology
Log-MD.com

• We discovered this
May 2012
• Met with the Feds ;-)
Why you should listen to me?
2014 - We gave an infected VM to one of the Big
IR Firms… They came back “Yup.. It’s clean” #Fail

Malware evolves
• So must we
• Darwin says so
• Evolve or die
• Well… Evolve or get breached anyways
• Getting breached means an RGE !!!
– Resume Generating Event

A quick look at
STATS

DBIR 2016
• Why we are here…
MalwareArchaeology.com 7
• Hackers
compromises us
• in minutes
• And steal our data
• in days

DBIR 2016
• Hackers time to
Compromise is
getting faster
• Than our ability to
Discover them

DBIR 2016
• Fraud and Internal
detection going
down
• The dreaded 3rd
party call and Law
Enforcement
notifications going
up

Chasing Hashes
• Malware hashes are no longer
similar
• Malware is morphing or
created unique by design for
each system OR on reboot

Symantec says…

SANS says…

Sophos Says…
• 70% of malware is unique to 1 company (APT)
• 80% of malware is unique to 10 or less (APT)
• That means…
• 20% of malware is what the AV industry focuses
on, but it is what most of you and everyone in
this room sees and gets by:
– Attachments in email
– URL in email
– Surfing the web
• Ads
• WordPress, Drupal, Joomla…

A quick look at
Advanced Malware
Artifacts

Winnti - Malware Infection
15
Malware
Launch
Hiding malware
in the Registry
Modify Service

Escalate permissions
obvious NOT your admin
16
Check the Service used
Modify
Permissions
Push out malware using CMD Shell &
CScript

Using the Registry for storage
17
Update Registry
Change Registry
Permissions
Change permissions on
files

Bad behavior becomes obvious
18
Doing Recon
Going after Terminal
Services
Query Users

You can even capture their Credentials
19
Caught THEIR
Credentials!

Persistence
• Avoided leaving key files behind like they did
before, well one anyways… the persistence
piece

HKLMSoftwareClients
• putfile
• file
• read
4D5A = MZ in HEX
Key Size = 256k

Persistence
• Infector… One for the DLL (infect.exe) and
one for the Driver (InfectSys.exe)
• Altered system management binaries
– McAfeeFrameworkService
– BESClientHelper
– Attempted a few others, some failed
• We tried the infector on several
other system files and it worked

Persistence
• BAM! Got ya – PROCMon on bootup

A quick look at
Commodity Malware
Artifacts

Angler delivered Kovtar
• Unique way to hide the persistence
• Inserted a null byte in the name of the Run
key so that RegEdit and Reg Query fail to read
and display the value
• And a LARGE Reg Key (anything over 20k is large)

Dridex Artifacts

Dridex Persistence
• New method towards the end of 2015, nothing in
the Registry showing persistence while system
was running
• In memory only until system shutdown
– On shutdown the Run key was created
• On startup the malware loads and Run key
deleted

Dridex is Baaack
• 2016 variant

How to Detect
Malicious Behavior

Take Away
#1

Where to start
• What am I suppose to set?
• Where do I get more information?
“Windows Logging Cheat Sheet”
“Windows File Auditing Cheat Sheet”
“Windows Registry Auditing Cheat Sheet”
“Windows Splunk Logging Cheat Sheet”
“Malware Management Framework”
• Find them all here:
– MalwareArchaeology.com

PowerShell
• It’s coming… in a BIG way, it’s here
• Ben Ten uses it (Not PowerShell)
• Carlos uses it (MetaSploit)
• Dave uses it (SET)
• Kevin too (Pen Tester)
• Dridex uses it
• RansomWare uses it
• And logging SUCKS for it

Take Away
#2

So what do we do???
• It is the “SHOW ME” state
• So here it is
• The “Windows PowerShell Logging Cheat Sheet”
• Designed to catch the folks I just mentioned, and others ;-)
• Get it at:

Take Away
#3

How to catch this stuff
Command Line Logging !!!!
• At the time of Winnti 2014 ONLY Win 8.1 and Win
2012 R2 had command line logging
• Which we had, then we saw this in our alerts of
suspicious commands (Cscript & cmd.exe & cacls &
net & takeown & pushd & attrib)
• Scripts too

And this query
index=windows LogName=Security EventCode=4688 NOT
(Account_Name=*$) (arp.exe OR at.exe OR bcdedit.exe OR bcp.exe OR
chcp.exe OR cmd.exe OR cscript.exe OR csvde OR dsquery.exe OR ipconfig.exe
OR mimikatz.exe OR nbtstat.exe OR nc.exe OR netcat.exe OR netstat.exe OR
nmap OR nslookup.exe OR netsh OR OSQL.exe OR ping.exe OR powershell.exe
OR powercat.ps1 OR psexec.exe OR psexecsvc.exe OR psLoggedOn.exe OR
procdump.exe OR qprocess.exe OR query.exe OR rar.exe OR reg.exe OR
route.exe OR runas.exe OR rundll32 OR schtasks.exe OR sethc.exe OR
sqlcmd.exe OR sc.exe OR ssh.exe OR sysprep.exe OR systeminfo.exe OR
system32net.exe OR reg.exe OR tasklist.exe OR tracert.exe OR vssadmin.exe
OR whoami.exe OR winrar.exe OR wscript.exe OR "winrm.*" OR "winrs.*" OR
wmic.exe OR wsmprovhost.exe OR wusa.exe) | eval
Message=split(Message,".") | eval Short_Message=mvindex(Message,0) |
table _time, host, Account_Name, Process_Name, Process_ID,
Process_Command_Line, New_Process_Name, New_Process_ID,
Creator_Process_ID, Short_Message | stats count > 2

So how do you do this?
• Malware Management allowed us to setup
alerts on artifacts from other malware analysis
• Of course our own experience too
• Malware Discovery allowed us to find odd file
hashes, command line details, registry locations
• Malware Analysis gave us the details

What we need to look for
• Logs of course, properly configured - Events
– Command Line details
– Admin tools misused – executions
– New Services (retail PoS should know this)
– Drivers used (.sys)
• New Files dropped anywhere on disk – Hashes
• Infected management binary (hash changed)
• Delete on startup, write on shutdown - Auditing
• Scripts hidden in the registry – Registry Compare
• Payload hidden in the registry – Large Reg Keys
• Malware Communication – IP and WhoIS info
• Expand PowerShell detection
• VirusTotal Lookups

So what did we
take away
from all of this?

You have 3 options
• Do nothing – Eventually an RGE
• Log Management / SIEM
– Cost $$$ and storage
– But IS the best option, better than most security
solutions if you want my opinion
• What if I don’t have Log Management or
SIEM?

It didn’t exist
So we created it!
So you can do it too!

Take Away
#4

• Log and Malicious Discovery tool
• When you run the tool, it tells you what
auditing and settings to configure that it
requires. LOG-MD won’t harvest anything
until you configure the system!
• So answers How to check for the What to set I
already told you about

Functions
• Audit Report of log settings compared to:
– The “Windows Logging Cheat Sheet”
– Center for Internet Security (CIS) Benchmarks
– Also USGCB and AU ACSC
• White lists to filter out the known good
– By IP Address
– By Process Command Line and/or Process Name
– By File and Registry locations (requires File and
Registry auditing to be set)
• Report.csv - data from logs specific to security

Purpose
• Malware Analysis Lab – Why we initially developed it
• Investigate a suspect system
• Audit the Windows - Advanced Audit Policy settings
• Help MOVE or PUSH security forward
• Give the IR folks what they need and the Feds too
• Take a full system (File and Reg) snapshot to compare to another
system and report the differences
• Discover tricky malware artifacts (Large Keys, Null Byte, AutoRuns)
• SPEED !
• Deploy with anything you want, SCCM, LanDesk, PSExec, PS, etc…
• Replace several tools we use today with one easy to use utility that
does much more
• Replace several older tools and GUI tools
• To answer the question: Is this system infected or clean?
• And do it quickly !

Free Edition
• Audit your settings – Do you comply?
• Harvest security relevant log data
• Whitelist log events by IP, Cmd Line, Process and
File / Registry audit locations
• Perform a full File Baseline of a system
• Compare a suspect system to a Baseline or Dir
• Perform a full Registry snapshot of a system
• Compare a suspect system to a Reg Baseline
• Look for Large Registry Keys for hidden payloads

• Everything the Free Edition does and…
• More reports, breakdown of things to look for
• Specify the Output directory
• Harvest Sysmon logs
• Harvest WLS Logs
• Whitelist Hash compare results
• Whitelist Registry compare results
• Create a Master-Digest to exclude unique files
• Free updates for 1 year, expect a new release
every quarter
• Manual – How to use LOG-MD Professional

Future Versions – In the works!
• PowerShell details
• WhoIs lookups of IP Addresses called
• VirusTotal lookups of discovered files
• Find parent-less processes
• Assess all processes and create a Whitelist
• Assess all services and create a Whitelist
• VirusTotal lookups of unknown or new processes and
services
• Other API calls to security vendors

Let’s look
at some
LOG-MD
RESULTS

Crypto Event
• C:UsersBobAppDataRoamingvcwixk.exe
• C:UsersBobAppDataRoamingvcwpir.exe
• C:WINDOWSsystem32cmd.exe /c del
C:UsersBobAppDataRoamingvcwixk.exe >> NUL
• C:WindowsSystem32vssadmin.exe delete shadows /all /Quiet

Malicious Word Doc
DRIDEX

Malicious Word Doc con’t
More DRIDEX

Use the power of Excel
• The reports are in .CSV format
• Excel has sorting and Filters
• Filters are AWESOME to thin out your results
• You might take filtered results and add them
to your whitelist once vetted
• Save to .XLS and format, color code and
produce your report
• For .TXT files use NotePad++

So what do we get?
• WHAT Processes executed
• WHERE it executed from
• IP’s to enter into Log Management to see
WHO else opened the malware
• Details needed to remediate infection
• Details to improve your Active Defense!
• I did this in…
15 Minutes!

Resources
• Websites
– Log-MD.com The tool
• The “Windows Logging Cheat Sheet”
• Malware Analysis Report links too
– To start your Malware Management program
• This presentation is on SlideShare and website
– Search for MalwareArchaeology or LOG-MD

Questions?
You can find us at:
• Log-MD.com
• @HackerHurricane
• @Boettcherpwned
• MalwareArchaeology.com
• HackerHurricane.com (blog)
• http://www.slideshare.net – LinkedIn now

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