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INTRODUÇÃO
INTRODUÇÃO
INTRODUÇÃO
INTRODUÇÃO
MATERIAL y MÉTODOS
Holandesa Preto e Branco Mestiça Leiteira Brasileira
Vacas em
lactação
(pastagem
adubada)
Vacas secas
(pastagem
adubada)
Novilhas
(pastagem
adubada)
Novilhas
Novilhas
(pastagem
sem adubo)
Vacas em
lactação
(pastagem
adubada)
Vacas secas
(pastagem
adubada)
Novilhas
(pastagem
adubada)
Novilhas
Novilhas
(pastagem
sem adubo)
MATERIAL e
MÉTODOS
Técnica do
SF6
RESULTADOS
RESULTADOS
Conclusões
1. A técnica do gás traçador SF6 para medir CH4 ruminal pode ser
utilizada nas condições brasileiras de campo.
2. A emissão de CH4 por bovinos sem restrição de alimentos baseados
em forrageiras tropicais é superior à de bovinos alimentados com
forrageiras de clima temperado.
3. Forrageiras de baixa qualidade têm a taxa de ingestão reduzida e,
consequentemente, reduzem a taxa de emissão de CH4 por bovinos.
4. Animais zebuínos podem gerar mais CH4 que bovinos de sangue
europeu.
Table 1. Enteric methane mitigation potential of feed additives and feeding strategies Category
Potential enteric methane mitigating effect1
Inhibitors
Bromochloromethane and 2-bromo-ethane sulfonate High
Chloroform High
Cyclodextrin Low
Electron receptors
Fumaric and malic acids No effect to High
Nitroethane Low
Nitrate High
Ionophores Low
Plant bioactive compounds
Tannins (condensed) Low
Saponins Low?
Essential oils Low?
Exogenous enzymes Low
Defaunation Low
Manipulation of rumen archaea and bacteria Low
Dietary lipids Medium
Inclusion of concentrate feeds Low to Medium
Improving forage quality Low to Medium
Grazing management Low
Feed processing Low
Mixed rations and feeding frequency ?
Processing and supplementation of low-quality feeds
Macro-supplementation (when deficient) Medium
Alkaline treatment Low
Biological treatment ?
Breeding for straw quality Low
Precision/balanced feeding and feed analyses Low to Medium
? A question mark indicates uncertainty due to limited research, variable results, or lack/insufficient data on persistency of the effect.
1High = ≥ 30 percent mitigating effect; Medium = 10 to 30 percent mitigating effect; Low = ≤ 10 percent mitigating effect. Mitigating effects refer to percent change
over a “standard practice”, i.e. study control that was used for comparison. It is noted that most data used in this analysis are from short-term experiments. For most
FONTE: Nutritional and
Management Strategies
to Mitigate Animal
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions.
Alexander N. Hristov,
Joonpyo Oh, Chanhee Lee,
Robert Meinen, Felipe
Montes, Troy Ott, Jeff
Firkins, Al Rotz, Curtis
Dell, Adegbola Adesogan,
WenZhu Yang, Juan
Tricarico, Ermias Kebreab,
Garry Waghorn, Jan
Dijkstra, Simon Oosting,
Pierre J. Gerber, Benjamin
Henderson, and Harinder
Makkar
13
Perguntas?!?

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Metano

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 7. MATERIAL y MÉTODOS Holandesa Preto e Branco Mestiça Leiteira Brasileira Vacas em lactação (pastagem adubada) Vacas secas (pastagem adubada) Novilhas (pastagem adubada) Novilhas Novilhas (pastagem sem adubo) Vacas em lactação (pastagem adubada) Vacas secas (pastagem adubada) Novilhas (pastagem adubada) Novilhas Novilhas (pastagem sem adubo)
  • 11. Conclusões 1. A técnica do gás traçador SF6 para medir CH4 ruminal pode ser utilizada nas condições brasileiras de campo. 2. A emissão de CH4 por bovinos sem restrição de alimentos baseados em forrageiras tropicais é superior à de bovinos alimentados com forrageiras de clima temperado. 3. Forrageiras de baixa qualidade têm a taxa de ingestão reduzida e, consequentemente, reduzem a taxa de emissão de CH4 por bovinos. 4. Animais zebuínos podem gerar mais CH4 que bovinos de sangue europeu.
  • 12. Table 1. Enteric methane mitigation potential of feed additives and feeding strategies Category Potential enteric methane mitigating effect1 Inhibitors Bromochloromethane and 2-bromo-ethane sulfonate High Chloroform High Cyclodextrin Low Electron receptors Fumaric and malic acids No effect to High Nitroethane Low Nitrate High Ionophores Low Plant bioactive compounds Tannins (condensed) Low Saponins Low? Essential oils Low? Exogenous enzymes Low Defaunation Low Manipulation of rumen archaea and bacteria Low Dietary lipids Medium Inclusion of concentrate feeds Low to Medium Improving forage quality Low to Medium Grazing management Low Feed processing Low Mixed rations and feeding frequency ? Processing and supplementation of low-quality feeds Macro-supplementation (when deficient) Medium Alkaline treatment Low Biological treatment ? Breeding for straw quality Low Precision/balanced feeding and feed analyses Low to Medium ? A question mark indicates uncertainty due to limited research, variable results, or lack/insufficient data on persistency of the effect. 1High = ≥ 30 percent mitigating effect; Medium = 10 to 30 percent mitigating effect; Low = ≤ 10 percent mitigating effect. Mitigating effects refer to percent change over a “standard practice”, i.e. study control that was used for comparison. It is noted that most data used in this analysis are from short-term experiments. For most FONTE: Nutritional and Management Strategies to Mitigate Animal Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Alexander N. Hristov, Joonpyo Oh, Chanhee Lee, Robert Meinen, Felipe Montes, Troy Ott, Jeff Firkins, Al Rotz, Curtis Dell, Adegbola Adesogan, WenZhu Yang, Juan Tricarico, Ermias Kebreab, Garry Waghorn, Jan Dijkstra, Simon Oosting, Pierre J. Gerber, Benjamin Henderson, and Harinder Makkar
  • 13. 13