Open Access Why? and How?

1. Open Access: Why and How?
Sridhar Gutam
21/10/2014
ICAR RCER RC Ranchi

2. Theme 2014: "Generation Open”

3. Union Budget for S & T
(allocations in millions of rupees)
2013–14 2014–15
Department of Atomic Energy 98330 104460
Department of Health Research 10080 10177
Department of Science and Technology 31843 35440
Department of Scientific and Industrial
Research
35710 37072
Department of Biotechnology 15020 15172
Department of Space 67920 72380
Department of Agricultural Research and
Education
57290 61440
Ministry of Earth Sciences 16900 16990
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy 15340 9560
Source: http://www.nature.com/news/first-modi-budget-spells-austerity-for-indian-science-1.15542

4. Scholarly Articles
Sl.
No.
Country Documents
Citable
documents
Citations Self-Citations
Citations
per
Document
H index
1
United
States 7,846,972 7,281,575 152,984,430 72,993,120 22.02 1,518
2 China 3,129,719 3,095,159 14,752,062 8,022,637 6.81 436
3
United
Kingdom 2,141,375 1,932,907 37,450,384 8,829,739 19.82 934
4 Germany 1,983,270 1,876,342 30,644,118 7,966,777 17.39 815
5 Japan 1,929,402 1,874,277 23,633,462 6,832,173 13.01 694
6 France 1,421,190 1,348,769 21,193,343 4,815,333 16.85 742
7 Canada 1,110,886 1,040,413 18,826,873 3,580,695 20.05 725
8 Italy 1,083,546 1,015,410 15,317,599 3,570,431 16.45 654
9 India 868,719 825,025 5,666,045 1,957,907 8.83 341
10 Spain 857,158 800,214 10,584,940 2,629,669 15.08 531
Source: http://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php

5. Scholarly Articles – Year Wise
Year Documents
Citable
Documents
% International
Collaboration
% World
2000 23,776 23,237 14.97 1.91
2001 24,761 24,052 12.97 1.85
2002 26,841 25,928 13.26 1.93
2003 31,323 29,819 18.02 2.16
2004 34,623 32,925 18.95 2.17
2005 36,611 34,669 18.99 2.18
2006 45,979 43,596 19.02 2.40
2007 50,889 48,126 19.49 2.53
2008 58,162 54,941 18.66 2.74
2009 65,995 62,523 18.14 2.97
2010 78,226 73,924 17.07 3.32
2011 95,142 89,576 16.12 3.79
2012 102,881 96,841 16.18 3.99
2013 106,029 98,968 16.49 4.13
Source: http://www.scimagojr.com/countrysearch.php?country=IN

6. India @ DOAJ and ROAR
• Articles
– Brazil (328693)
– United Kingdom (183276)
– United States (102136)
– India (88587)
• Journals
– 594 (89 CC-BY; 252 No APCs)
• Repositories
– 95 (104)

7. Availability and Accessibility
(of IARI publications)
• Examined for 2008–2010, of the 221 indexed
journals, only 19 (9%) were open access journals
indexed in DOAJ.
• Additionally, 14% of the published articles could be
found on Eprints@IARI.
• Thus, up to 23% of the published literature is
available and accessible to the public.
• The percentage of articles available in CeRA was
69%.
• This shows that a little more than 30% of the articles
published were not available in CeRA.
Source: http://src-online.ca/index.php/src/article/view/86

8. The Problem
• A lot of valuable information is
generated that could guide decisions
and resolve problems — but so little
is accessible when it is needed!
• We produce results, but what
happens to them? It seems that much
useful data and information never get
published and the farmers don’t seem
to benefit.
Source: CIARD

9. Open Access
• Means unrestricted online access to peer-
reviewed scholarly research (also theses, book
chapters, and scholarly monographs).
• Comes in two degrees:
– gratis open access, which is free online access
– libre open access, which is free online access plus some
additional usage rights (granted through use of Creative
Commons licenses).
Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free
of most copyright and licensing restrictions. What makes it possible is
the internet and the consent of the author or copyright-holder. – Peter
Suber.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access

10. Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2001
• Conference convened in Budapest by the Open
Society Institute on December 1–2, 2001
• Public statement of principles relating to open
access to the research literature.
• Recognized as one of the major historical, and
defining, events of the open access movement.
• On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the
initiative (2012), recommended
– "the new goal that within the next ten years, OA will
become the default method for distributing new
peer-reviewed research in every field and country”.

11. BOAI 10 Recommendations
• Every institution of higher education
should have a policy assuring that
peer-reviewed versions of all future
scholarly articles by faculty members
are deposited in the institution’s
designated repository.
• Universities with institutional
repositories should require deposit in
the repository for all research articles
to be considered for promotion,
tenure, or other forms of internal
assessment and review.

12. NKC Recommends Open Access
• At a policy level, all
research articles published
by Indian authors receiving
substantial government or
public funding must be
made available under
Open Access.
• A national academic OA
portal should be
developed.
Source: knowledgecommission.gov.in/

13. ICAR‘s Open Access Policy, Sept. 2013

14. ICAR’s Open Access Policy
• The authors of the scholarly literature produced
from the research funded in whole or part by the
ICAR or by other Public Funds at ICAR
establishments are required to deposit the final
version of the author's peer-reviewed manuscript
in the ICAR institute’s Open Access Institutional
Repository.
• Scientists are advised to mention the ICAR’s
Open Access policy while signing the copyright
agreements with the publishers and the embargo,
if any, should not be later than 12 months.

15. Authors Addendum

16. DBT/DST Open Access Policy – 2nd Draft, 2014
• The final accepted manuscript (after refereeing,
revision, etc.) resulting from research projects,
which are fully or partially funded by DBT or
DST, or were performed using infrastructure
built with the support of these organizations,
should be deposited.

17. CISR Open Access Policy, 2009
• All research papers published from all CSIR
laboratories and supported by a grant from
CSIR will be made open access by depositing
the full ‐ text and the metadata of each paper in
an institutional repository

18. Why Open Access?
• Funders invest in research in order to accelerate the pace of
scientific discovery, encourage innovation, enrich education,
and stimulate the economy – to improve the public good.
• Broad access to the results of research is an essential
component of the research process itself.
• Research advances only through sharing of results, and the
value of an investment in research is only maximized
through wide use of its results.
• Research results are not available to the broadest
community of potential users.
• The Internet provides a new opportunity to bring information
to a wider audience at virtually no marginal cost, and allow
them to use it in new, innovative ways.
• This has resulted in a call for new framework to allow
research results to be more easily accessed and used—a
call for Open Access.
Source: http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/open-access/why-oa

19. Why Open Access
Source: http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/open-access/why-oa

20. Why Open Access
• Better visibility and higher impact for your scholarship:
– Studies have shown a significant increase in citations when
articles are made openly available.
• Avoiding duplication:
– no researcher wants to waste time and money conducting a
study if they know it has been attempted elsewhere.
• Research is useless if it’s not shared:
– even the best research is ineffectual if others aren’t able to read
and build on it. When price barriers keep articles locked away,
science cannot achieve its full potential.
• Text mining:
– text mining could be very beneficial by giving researchers an
over-arching view of a particular field and uncovering trends and
connections within their own field and between seemingly
unrelated fields that no human researcher could discern.
Source: http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/open-access/why-oa

21. Who Benefits from Open Access?
• For Researchers
– Increases readers’ ability to find use relevant
literature
– Increases the visibility, readership and impact of
author’s works
– Creates new avenues for discovery in digital
environment
– Enhances interdisciplinary research
– Accelerates the pace of research, discovery and
innovation
Source: http://www.righttoresearch.org/learn/whyOA/index.shtml#Researchers

22. Dr. Melissa Terras’s Twitter Effect
• Downloads of paper on Digital
Curiosities were doubled twice
since the time she deposited and
when she blogged and tweeted.
Source: http://www.oastories.org/2012/10/dr-melissa-terras-open-access-and-the-twitter-effect
“You can spend years producing a research paper, why would
you not spend the time it takes to deposit it in Open Access
repository, and the seconds it takes to share that copy online with
as many people as you possibly can”. -Melissa Terras

23. Who Benefits from Open Access?
• Research Funders
– Leverages return on research investment
– Creates tool to manage research portfolio
– Avoids funding duplicative research
– Creates transparency
– Encourages greater interaction with results of
funded research

24. Who Benefits from Open Access?
• Public
– Provides access to previously unavailable
materials relating to health, energy, environment,
and other areas of broad interest
– Creates better educated populace
– Encourages support of scientific enterprise and
engagement in citizen science

25. Bielefeld Academic Search Engine
BASE is one of the world's most voluminous search engines
for academic open access operated by Bielefeld University
Library.
Currently 42,125,071 documents of 2,462 content sources
Source: BASE

26. OA and Copyrights??
• Most of the publishers allow either pre-
prints/post-prints to archive and few others
allow ‘publisher's pdf’ version.
• SHERPA/RoMEO – Publisher's Copyrights
Policies.
• 'All Rights Reserved' to 'Some Rights
Reserved‘ using Creative Commons.

27. Policies@SHERPA/RoMEO
Source: SHERPA/RoMEO

28. MAPAI’s OAJMAP
Source: SHERPA/RoMEO

29. Pre-Prints and Post-Prints
• Pre-Prints
• First draft of the article - before
peer-review, even before any
contact with a publisher
• Post-Prints
• Version of the paper after peer-
review, with revisions having been
made.

30. MAPAI’s OAJMAP uses CC-BY
Source: OAJMAP

31. CC-BY Attribution 4.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• You are free to:
– Share — copy and redistribute the material in any
medium or format
– Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the
material for any purpose, even commercially.
• The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as
long as you follow the license terms.

32. Repositories@ICAR

33. 29/10/2011 33
Eprints@IARI

34. E-Repository@IIHR

35. DSpice@IISR

36. eprints – repository software

38. Eprints@CMFRI

39. S Ayyappan – Eprints@CMFRI

40. ICAR RCER Repository
ICARRCER@OpenDepot.org

41. ICAR RCER @ OpenDepot.org
http://opendepot.org/view/authorInstitution/ICAR_Research_Complex_for_Eastern_Region.html

42. ICAR RCER Repository
https://sites.google.com/site/icarrcer/home

43. OpenDepot.org
• University of Edinburgh, UK.
• An assured service to make research Open
Access - now available for researchers
worldwide.
• For those without a local repository, including
un-affilitiated researchers, the OpenDepot.org
is a place of deposit, available for others to
harvest.

44. OpenDepot.org

56. Open Access India
• Contributes to the activities/initiatives of
– AIMS, CIARD, GODAN, OKFN & DataMeet
• Conveners
– Sridhar Gutam & Barnali Roy Choudhury
• Facebook Group
– 7131 members (https://www.facebook.com/groups/oaindia/)
• WordPress Blog
– 5,672 hits Since Dec 27, 2012
(http://oaindia2013.wordpress.com/)
• Facebook Page
– 735 likes (https://www.facebook.com/oaindia)
• Twitter
– 433 followers (https://twitter.com/OpenAccessIndia)

57. Aaron Hillel Swartz

58. Thank you for your kind attention
Unless otherwise stated, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.