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Actividad 3
Alumnos:
Niveyro, Guillermo - Alarcón, Darío.
PARTE A, Modelo 3, Ejemplo 20.
A continuación, podemos observar un gráfico que describe las conexiones directas entre servidores que
constituyen una intranet en el IUA.
a b c
d e f
Cada punto representa un servidor distinto.
• ¿Cómo podemos representar el flujo probable de transferencias entre un servidor y otro?
La siguiente tabla de doble entrada nos muestra la probabilidad de transferencia de paquetes en un
movimiento de un servidor (situado en la fila) a otro servidor (situado en la columna).
Serv. a b c d e f
a 0% 30% 0% 30% 40% 0%
b 10% 0% 30% 20% 30% 10%
c 0% 40% 0% 0% 10% 50%
d 30% 20% 0% 0% 50% 0%
e 50% 20% 10% 10% 0% 10%
f 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
La cual podemos representar también como la siguiente matriz de probabilidades X6x6:
𝑋 =
[
0 3/10 0 3/10 2/5 0
1/10 0 3/10 1/5 3/10 1/10
0 2/5 0 0 1/10 1/2
3/10 1/5 0 0 1/2 0
1/2 1/5 1/10 1/10 0 1/10
0 0 0 0 0 1 ]
Donde, como dijimos, cada elemento representa la probabilidad de transferencia de paquetes en un
movimiento desde el servidor situado en i al servidor situado en j.
Por ejemplo, el servidor i=5, el servidor e, tiene 50% de probabilidades de transferir al servidor a (j=1),
20% al servidor b (j=2), 10% al servidor c (j=3), 10% al servidor d (j=4), 0% al mismo servidor (j=5) y 10%
al servidor f (j=6).
Por otro lado, podemos determinar que:
1. La matriz X debe ser cuadrada ya que contiene la misma cantidad de puntos de entrada que de
salida.
2. Es una matriz estocástica, ya que la suma de los elementos de cada fila da 1.
3. Se puede transponer e interpretar la misma información cualitativamente, pero no es simétrica
ya que en este caso 𝑋 ≠ 𝑋𝑇
4. Además, es invertible ya que es cuadrada y su determinante es distinto de 0, pero la inversa de
esta matriz no nos da información relevante por el momento.
• ¿Cómo podemos determinar la probabilidad de que un paquete pase del servidor “e” a “f” en 3
movimientos aleatorio o más?
Para responder a esta pregunta debemos elevar la matriz X a la potencia n, siendo n = cantidad de
movimientos aleatorios de un paquete, utilizamos la herramienta https://matrixcalc.org para realizar la
operación X3
(tres movimientos aleatorios) y X5
(5 movimientos aleatorios).
La matriz X3
nos da la información que requerimos para contestar la pregunta previa, si leemos la
entrada i,j = 5,6 (e,f) podemos interpretar que la probabilidad es del 25%.
Además, se mantienen las propiedades de la primera matriz.
En la siguiente matriz X5
observamos la probabilidad de transferencia de paquetes en 5 movimientos
aleatorios.
La matriz X5
nos da la información que requerimos para contestar la pregunta previa, si leemos la
entrada i,j = 5,6 (e,f) podemos interpretar que la probabilidad es del 40%.
Además, se mantienen las propiedades de la primera matriz.
PARTE B, Ejemplo 28.
En primera instancia, tomamos la matriz D del ejemplo 28 y graficamos utilizando Geogebra.
𝐷 = [
0 0.5 6 5.5 0.5 0 5.5 6
0 0 0 1.58 6.42 8 8 8
]
Para resolver el ejercicio, elegimos la matriz de transformación 1:
𝑇 = [
𝑘 0
0 1
] , (𝑘 ∈ ℝ, 𝑘 = 1.5)
Premultiplicando la matriz D por T, realizaremos una expansión a lo largo del primer eje –o eje
horizontal- en un factor k=1.5, obteniendo así la matriz H. Operación que desarrollamos y graficamos a
continuación:
𝑇. 𝐷 = 𝐻
Gráfica de H:
Continuando con el ejercicio, para volver a la matriz original, deberíamos utilizar la inversa de la matriz
de transformación y multiplicarla por la matriz H.
Operamos de la siguiente manera:
1. 𝐻 = 𝑇. 𝐷
2. 𝑇−1
. 𝐻 = 𝑇−1
. (𝑇. 𝐷)
3. 𝑇−1
. 𝐻 = (𝑇−1
. 𝑇). 𝐷
4. 𝑇−1
. 𝐻 = 𝐼. 𝐷
5. 𝑇−1
. 𝐻 = 𝐷
Para finalizar, elegimos la nueva matriz de transformación 5:
𝑆 = [
1 0
0 −1
]
Premultiplicando la matriz H por S, realizaremos una respecto del eje x, obteniendo así la matriz J.
Operación que desarrollamos y graficamos a continuación:
𝑆. 𝐻 = 𝐽

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Actividad 3 - Unidad 2 - Niveyro - Alarcon

  • 1. Actividad 3 Alumnos: Niveyro, Guillermo - Alarcón, Darío. PARTE A, Modelo 3, Ejemplo 20. A continuación, podemos observar un gráfico que describe las conexiones directas entre servidores que constituyen una intranet en el IUA. a b c d e f Cada punto representa un servidor distinto. • ¿Cómo podemos representar el flujo probable de transferencias entre un servidor y otro? La siguiente tabla de doble entrada nos muestra la probabilidad de transferencia de paquetes en un movimiento de un servidor (situado en la fila) a otro servidor (situado en la columna).
  • 2. Serv. a b c d e f a 0% 30% 0% 30% 40% 0% b 10% 0% 30% 20% 30% 10% c 0% 40% 0% 0% 10% 50% d 30% 20% 0% 0% 50% 0% e 50% 20% 10% 10% 0% 10% f 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% La cual podemos representar también como la siguiente matriz de probabilidades X6x6: 𝑋 = [ 0 3/10 0 3/10 2/5 0 1/10 0 3/10 1/5 3/10 1/10 0 2/5 0 0 1/10 1/2 3/10 1/5 0 0 1/2 0 1/2 1/5 1/10 1/10 0 1/10 0 0 0 0 0 1 ] Donde, como dijimos, cada elemento representa la probabilidad de transferencia de paquetes en un movimiento desde el servidor situado en i al servidor situado en j. Por ejemplo, el servidor i=5, el servidor e, tiene 50% de probabilidades de transferir al servidor a (j=1), 20% al servidor b (j=2), 10% al servidor c (j=3), 10% al servidor d (j=4), 0% al mismo servidor (j=5) y 10% al servidor f (j=6). Por otro lado, podemos determinar que: 1. La matriz X debe ser cuadrada ya que contiene la misma cantidad de puntos de entrada que de salida. 2. Es una matriz estocástica, ya que la suma de los elementos de cada fila da 1. 3. Se puede transponer e interpretar la misma información cualitativamente, pero no es simétrica ya que en este caso 𝑋 ≠ 𝑋𝑇 4. Además, es invertible ya que es cuadrada y su determinante es distinto de 0, pero la inversa de esta matriz no nos da información relevante por el momento. • ¿Cómo podemos determinar la probabilidad de que un paquete pase del servidor “e” a “f” en 3 movimientos aleatorio o más? Para responder a esta pregunta debemos elevar la matriz X a la potencia n, siendo n = cantidad de movimientos aleatorios de un paquete, utilizamos la herramienta https://matrixcalc.org para realizar la operación X3 (tres movimientos aleatorios) y X5 (5 movimientos aleatorios).
  • 3. La matriz X3 nos da la información que requerimos para contestar la pregunta previa, si leemos la entrada i,j = 5,6 (e,f) podemos interpretar que la probabilidad es del 25%. Además, se mantienen las propiedades de la primera matriz. En la siguiente matriz X5 observamos la probabilidad de transferencia de paquetes en 5 movimientos aleatorios. La matriz X5 nos da la información que requerimos para contestar la pregunta previa, si leemos la entrada i,j = 5,6 (e,f) podemos interpretar que la probabilidad es del 40%. Además, se mantienen las propiedades de la primera matriz.
  • 4. PARTE B, Ejemplo 28. En primera instancia, tomamos la matriz D del ejemplo 28 y graficamos utilizando Geogebra. 𝐷 = [ 0 0.5 6 5.5 0.5 0 5.5 6 0 0 0 1.58 6.42 8 8 8 ]
  • 5. Para resolver el ejercicio, elegimos la matriz de transformación 1: 𝑇 = [ 𝑘 0 0 1 ] , (𝑘 ∈ ℝ, 𝑘 = 1.5) Premultiplicando la matriz D por T, realizaremos una expansión a lo largo del primer eje –o eje horizontal- en un factor k=1.5, obteniendo así la matriz H. Operación que desarrollamos y graficamos a continuación: 𝑇. 𝐷 = 𝐻 Gráfica de H:
  • 6. Continuando con el ejercicio, para volver a la matriz original, deberíamos utilizar la inversa de la matriz de transformación y multiplicarla por la matriz H. Operamos de la siguiente manera: 1. 𝐻 = 𝑇. 𝐷 2. 𝑇−1 . 𝐻 = 𝑇−1 . (𝑇. 𝐷) 3. 𝑇−1 . 𝐻 = (𝑇−1 . 𝑇). 𝐷 4. 𝑇−1 . 𝐻 = 𝐼. 𝐷 5. 𝑇−1 . 𝐻 = 𝐷 Para finalizar, elegimos la nueva matriz de transformación 5: 𝑆 = [ 1 0 0 −1 ] Premultiplicando la matriz H por S, realizaremos una respecto del eje x, obteniendo así la matriz J. Operación que desarrollamos y graficamos a continuación: 𝑆. 𝐻 = 𝐽