2.  Present Simple Tense
 e.g. He walks to school.
 Present Continuous Tense
 e.g. He is walking to school right now.

3.  In the third person singular the verb
always ends in -s:
 he want
 she need
 he give
 she think
 it eat
s
s
s
s
s

4.  WHEN TO USE IT:
 Repeating actions or habits:
 He drinks tea every morning.
 My father gets up at 6a.m. everyday.
 I go to school regularly.

5.  Facts or things which are true at all
times:
1. The sun rises in the east.
2. You can't live without water.
3. Honey is sweet.

6.  To express a future event that is part
of a fixed timetable.
1. The match starts at 10am.
2. When does this shop reopen?
3. The next train arrives at 7.45am.

7.  To introduce a quotation.
1. Keats says, ‘A thing of beauty is joy
for ever’.
2. Bible says, ‘To forgive is divine’.

8.  Conditions (not actions) taking place
at this moment:
1. I agree.
2. Tom thinks it's a good idea.
3. They have a lot of money.

9.  Question AND Negative Form:
 Negative and question forms use DOES (= the
third person of the auxiliary 'DO') + the infinitive of
the verb.
 I/ You / We /They play soccer every day.
 Do you / they play soccer every day?
 I / You / We / They do not play tennis.
 He / She / It wants ice cream.
 Does he / she /it want strawberry?
 He /She / It does not want vanilla.

10.  Wh-Questions in the Present Simple – what,
when, where, which, who, why, whose.
 To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word,
then add do or does, then the subject (a person
or thing that does the action), followed by the
base form of the verb and only then add the
rest of the sentence.
 e.g. Why does he / she / it shout
at you?
 Build your own wh-sentences.

11. i. The sun in the west.
ii. They into their new home next week.
iii. So, I go to Mr. D and say “I a
better mark in this class”.
iv. The match at 10a.m.
v. They a lot of toys.
vi. you have any comic books?
vii. she like dolls?
viii. I love animals, I love plants.
ix. He want to go to the party (neg.).

12. i. The sun sets in the west.
ii. They move into their new home next week.
iii. So, I go to Mr. D and say “I deserve a better
mark in this class”.
iv. The match starts at 10a.m.
v. They have a lot of toys.
vi. Do you have any comic books?
vii. Does she like dolls?
viii. I do not love animals, I love plants.
ix. He does not want to go to the party (neg).

13.  FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
 As with all tenses in English, the speaker's attitude
is as important as the time of the action or event.
When someone uses the present continuous, they
are thinking about something that is
unfinished or incomplete.
 e.g. I am drinking water.

14.  Structure of sentence:
 main verb: present participle (base form of verb +
ing )e.g. jumping, eating, reading
 auxiliary verb : “is, am, or are”
 If subject of the sentence is ‘I’, then use am.
 If subject of the sentence is ‘he, she, it’, then use
is.
 If subject of the sentence is ‘they, you or a plural
noun’, then use are.

15.  Fill in the correct main and auxiliary verb.
1. They (eat) breakfast, now.
2. The boys (kick) a soccer ball.
3. Susan (talk) on the phone at the
moment.
4. The dog (bark) at the postman.
5. Peter and I (playing) video
games.
are eating
are kicking
is talking
is barking
are playing

16.  Negative sentences:
 subject + auxiliary verb +
NOT + main verb
 Subject + is, am, are +
NOT + verb +ing
i. He is not sleeping
ii. She is not washing
her clothes.
iii. They are not waiting
for them.
iv. I am not reading, I
am watching TV.
 Interrogative sentences:
 auxiliary verb + subject +
main verb
 Is, am, are + subject + verb +
ing
i. Is he sleeping?
ii. Is she washing her
clothes?
iii. Are they waiting for them?
iv. Are you reading or
watching TV?

17.  1. We use the present continuous tense to talk
about the present:
 for something that is happening at the moment
of speaking:
1. I am just leaving work. I’ll be home in an hour.
2. Please be quiet. The children are sleeping.

18.  for something which is happening before and
after a given time:
1. At eight o’clock we are usually
having breakfast.
2. When I get home, after work, the children are
doing their homework.

19.  for something which we think is temporary:
1. Michael is at university. He is studying history.
2. I am working in London for the next two weeks.

20.  for something which is new and contrasts with a
previous state:
1. These days most people are using email
instead of writing letters.
2. What sort of clothes are teenagers
wearing nowadays? What sort of music are
they listening to?

21.  to show that something is changing, growing
or developing:
1. The children are growing quickly.
2. The climate is changing rapidly.
3. Your English is improving.

22.  for something which happens again and again:
1. It is always raining in London.
2. They are always arguing.
3. George is great. He is always laughing.
 Note: We normally use always with this use.

23.  2. We use the present continuous tense to talk
about the future:
 for something which has
been arranged or planned:
 Mary is going to a new school next term.
What are you doing next week?

24.  Read the sentence and say how it is used:
1) The puppy is growing quickly.
2) They are always eating when I phone.
3) Today, sending messages by cell phone is so
much easier than by letters.
4) He lives in S.A. now. He is working in
Johannesburg.
5) We are reading a book about the French
Revolution. It is interesting.
To show change – it is
growing.
It happens again and again – always.
To show something is new.
To show something is temporary.
To show something
happening now.

25. o is it. . .
o a repeating action?
o true at all times i.e. a fact?
o is it a fixed time table?
o is it a quotation?
o is it a condition?
o Use
o PRESENT SIMPLE
Is it . . .
 happening at the moment?
 is it happening before a
given time?
 do you think it is temporary?
 is it new and contrasts with
the old?
 is it showing change, growth
or development?
 is it happening again and
again?
 Use
 PRESENT
CONTINUOUS

26. 1. I (work) at the moment.
2. London(be) a large city.
3. She (stay) with her friend for a week.
4. You (walk) for two hundred meters, then
you turn left.
5. (Do) Jack play football?
6. You forever (lose) your keys!
7. Your match (start) at 09.00
8. Please (call) back as we (eating)
dinner now.

27. a) He (eat) a lot these days.
b) I (read) a really great book.
c) I (be) thirteen years old.
d) She never (play) football.
e) He (eat) a lot these days, is he
feeling depressed / sad?
f) The adult human body (contain) 206
bones.
g) We (fly) to Paris next week.
h) Julie (sleep). Don’t wake her up!