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UK COMMERCIAL RADIO
MARKET CONTEXT

Grant Goddard
radio specialist
www.grantgoddard.co.uk

April 2007
Grant Goddard

Agenda



UK commercial radio revenues



UK commercial radio issues



UK commercial radio listening



UK local commercial radio



Digital radio



UK radio listening by platform



Industry forecasts



Issues



radio specialist

Endnote

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

2
Grant Goddard

UK commercial radio revenues

radio specialist

COMMERCIAL RADIO REVENUES (£m current prices)

800

Branded Content

700

National Advertisers
Local Advertisers

600
500
400
300
200
100

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

0

[Source: Radio Advertising Bureau]

2005 revenues
2006 revenues
Q4 2006 revenues

down 4% year-on-year
down 5% year-on-year
down 10% year-on-year

“Radio advertising has stalled, both in absolute terms and as a share of total advertising. We believe this is
being partly driven by a process of structural adjustment in favour of new media, a trend we believe will
continue, putting huge pressure on the commercial radio sector and, in particular, local stations.”
[Peter Davies, Director of Radio & Multimedia, Ofcom, Jan 2007]
UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

3
Grant Goddard

UK commercial radio advertising forecasts

radio specialist

Radio advertising forecasts
Advertising
ZenithOptimedia
Association [Dec forecasts [Dec
Group M forecasts Opera forecasts RadioCentre
2006]
2006]
[Nov 2006]
[Nov 2006]
[Jan 2007]
2007
2008
2009

-0.8%
7.3%
7.5%

0.9%
1.8%
1.8%

1.1%

-2.0%
2.5%
3.0%

6.4%
6.4%
6.4%

 2006 revenues were £582m
 OPera forecasts £627m by 2009
 RadioCentre forecasts £700m+ by 2009
Ofcom: “Some people may argue that these problems are due to cyclical factors and that the industry will
recover in the next advertising upturn. But we believe the changes happening in the radio industry may be
more structural and may need to be addressed in the interests of listeners.” [Nov 2006]
GCap Media: “Commercial radio revenues have been impacted in recent years both by fluctuating trends
in overall spend, as well as the growth of internet advertising. These changes are structural and are likely
to continue for the foreseeable future.” [Dec 2006]
UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

4
Grant Goddard

UK commercial radio issues

radio specialist

Advertising agencies have issues with radio
 “You can’t assume that, because a certain age group has grown up with commercial radio, it will stick with
it. You have to keep your audience by giving them good programming. Younger planner buyers now have a
negative perception of radio – how it’s losing listeners and the audience measurement system is
inadequate.” [Erica Taylor, Group Buying Director, Starcom]
 “It’s a great companion medium. It’s true though that, in that particular context, programming and advertising
quality is more important than ever. Without engagement, radio becomes even easier to ignore.” [Al Young,
Executive Creative Director, St Luke’s]
 “In the last year or so, digital audiences have grown but, as a general rule, sales companies are not pushing
the opportunities.” [Howard Bareham, Managing Partner, Mindshare]
Similar views from within the radio industry
 “Radio has forgotten how to sell itself. Radio has said: ‘Oh my goodness, we have got to be more like the
internet and sell ourselves as a commodity.’ How dull is that?” [Fru Hazlitt, former CEO, Virgin Radio]
 “Radio needs a new lease of life in the hearts and minds of advertisers.” [Ralph Bernard, CEO, GCap
Media]
 “I think the way of selling and buying radio advertising needs to change, in the same way that the internet
had to change the way it sold and bought its medium. Frankly, I do think it’s archaic. All this nonsense that
goes on just to book a radio campaign. It’s a joke. It’s got to be so much easier.” [Fru Hazlitt, former CEO,
Virgin Radio]

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

5
Grant Goddard

Total radio listening

radio specialist

Total hours listened are forecast to continue a slow decline, despite population growth

TOTAL RADIO LISTENING (bn hours/year)

57

56

55

54

53
RAJAR

52

Ofcom forecast
51
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

[Source: RAJAR, Ofcom]

 Ofcom forecasts that “radio listening is expected to decline over time, with increasing substitution from noninternet radio to internet radio”

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

6
Grant Goddard

UK commercial radio share of listening

radio specialist

SHARE OF RADIO LISTENING (%)

60
55
50
45
40

ALL BBC RADIO
35

ALL COMMERCIAL
RADIO
2006Q2

2005Q3

2004Q4

2004Q1

2003Q2

2002Q3

2001Q4

2001Q1

2000Q2

1999Q3

1998Q4

1998Q1

1997Q2

1996Q3

1995Q4

1995Q1

1994Q2

1993Q3

1992Q4

30

[Source: RAJAR/Ipsos Media]

Long-term commercial radio audience attrition from the BBC
Growth of commercial radio listening (and revenues) during 1990s was due to a fortuitous combination of
circumstances, rather than to the implementation of competitive strategies:
 The self-destruction of market leader BBC Radio One (share fell from 23% in 1992 to 9% in 1998)
 Launch of UK’s first national commercial stations in 1992, 1993 and 1995
 Unprecedented growth in new local commercial stations licensed during 1990s
 Launch of the Radio Advertising Bureau in 1992
 Early consolidation in commercial radio industry
UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

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Grant Goddard

UK commercial radio listening by demographic

radio specialist

Commercial radio’s ‘heartland audience’ under pressure
COMMERCIAL RADIO - SHARE OF LISTENING BY DEMOGRAPHIC (%)
share of listening
15-44
15-24 male
25-34 male
35-44 male
15-24 female
25-34 female
35-44 female

1999Q4 2000Q4 2001Q4 2002Q4 2003Q4 2004Q4 2005Q4 2006Q4
59%
60%
59%
59%
59%
57%
54%
54%
55%
60%
58%
58%
61%
60%
56%
57%
54%
55%
54%
53%
54%
51%
46%
48%
56%
53%
51%
53%
51%
49%
49%
45%
67%
68%
71%
68%
70%
71%
67%
64%
65%
67%
63%
66%
65%
63%
57%
58%
63%
60%
60%
59%
60%
58%
56%
56%

[Source: RAJAR/Ipsos Media]

The industry defines 15 to 44 year olds as the “heartland audience for the commercial sector”, but this
demographic’s share of listening is being squeezed by:
 BBC Radio One’s audience becoming older
• share amongst 25 to 34 males steady at 24%, whilst share down amongst 15 to 24 males (from 32% to
25% between Q4 1999 and Q4 2006)
 BBC Radio Two’s audience becoming younger
• increasing popularity amongst 25 to 34s (male and female shares both up from 5% to 10% between Q4
1999 and Q4 2006)
• increasing popularity amongst 35 to 44s (male share up from 8% to 18%, female share up from 8% to
13% between Q4 1999 and Q4 2006)
Additionally:
 Hours listened to all radio (BBC and commercial) by 25 to 34s has fallen by 18% (Q4 1999 to Q4 2006),
mostly as a result of population changes
UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

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Grant Goddard

UK commercial radio reach and hours by demographic

radio specialist

Younger demographics drift away from commercial radio
WEEKLY REACH 15-24 year olds (% )

100%

1999Q4

95%

2000Q4

90%

2002Q4

80%

2003Q4

75%

2004Q4

70%

2005Q4

65%

2000Q4

22

2001Q4
20

2002Q4
2003Q4

18

2004Q4
2005Q4

16

2006Q4
14

55%
50%

100%

1999Q4

2006Q4

60%

12

ALL RADIO

25 to 34 year olds:
 Reach steady for all radio,
but in decline for
commercial radio
 Hours listened in decline

AVERAGE HRS. 15-24 yr olds (hr/wk)

2001Q4

85%

15 to 24 year olds:
 Reach steady for all radio,
but in decline for
commercial radio
 Hours listened in decline

24

COMMERCIAL RADIO

ALL RADIO

WEEKLY REACH 25-34 yr olds (% )
1999Q4

95%

2000Q4

90%

24

COMMERCIAL RADIO

AVERAGE HRS. 25-34 yr olds (hr/wk)
1999Q4
2000Q4

22

2001Q4

85%

2002Q4

80%

2003Q4

75%

2004Q4

70%

2005Q4

65%

2001Q4
20

2002Q4
2003Q4

18

2004Q4
2005Q4

16

2006Q4

60%

2006Q4
14

55%
50%

12
ALL RADIO

COMMERCIAL RADIO

ALL RADIO

COMMERCIAL RADIO

[Source: RAJAR/Ipsos Media]

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

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Grant Goddard

UK local commercial radio

radio specialist

Local radio proving uneconomic
Ofcom: “While local commercial radio may remain popular, the decline in its attractiveness to advertisers may
mean that the current business model for commercial radio – particularly for local stations – may not be
sustainable.” [Nov 2006]
Local radio faces particular challenges:
 Local commercial radio’s hours listened fell by 10% between Q4 1999 and Q4 2006
 Local advertising revenues fell by 15% between 1999 and 2006 (at current prices)
 Half of all local commercial stations lose money or make an annual profit of less than £100,000
 Fixed costs represent 70% of total operational costs for local radio
Balance sheets increasingly require impairment adjustments to valuations of radio licences:
 The Local Radio Company wrote down the value of its licences by £16.3m to £19.1m during year ended 30th
September 2006
 GCap Media wrote down the value of its two remaining Century stations by £7.1m before sale for £60m in
October 2006
 UTV wrote down the value of its UK radio licences by £20.2m during year ended 31st December 2006
 SMG wrote down the value of Virgin Radio by £58.8m to £105.0m during year ended 31st December 2006
Local radio licences offered by the regulator relatively recently will increasingly be returned, due to unviability:
 Star FM, Stroud (owned by UKRD) opened 1998, closed September 2006
 River FM, West Lothian (owned by Kingdom Radio Group) opened 2003, closed January 2007

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

10
Grant Goddard

Digital-only radio stations

radio specialist

New digital-only radio stations – driving growth on new platforms
TOP DIGITAL-ONLY RADIO STATIONS
local
DAB

national
DAB

Sky

Freeview

Group

BBC W orld Service
The Hits
BBC7
BBC 6 Music
Smash Hits Radio
Planet Rock
BBC Asian Network UK
1Xtra from the BBC
Five Live Sports Extra
Mojo Radio
Virgin Radio Classic Rock
Heat
The Arrow
Chill
Q

BBC
EMAP
BBC
BBC
EMAP
GCap
BBC
BBC
BBC
EMAP
SMG
EMAP
Chrysalis
GCap
EMAP

Hours per
week ('000)

6,275
3,810
3,496
2,514
2,453
2,363
2,333
1,804
1,272
939
937
747
744
720
554

[Source: RAJAR/Ipsos Media, Q4 2006, Asian Network excludes listening
within local TSA; BBC World Service includes AM/SW listening]

Differing strategies for new digital-only stations:
 BBC: only six brands, all national on DAB, complementary niche content, all on Freeview, Sky and cable
 Commercial radio: 34 brands, mix of national/regional/local, mix of platforms
Too early to determine which player will benefit most from digital radio uptake:
“The BBC has had an unfair share of the analogue spectrum but digital enables the commercial players the
space to compete on a much more equal footing.” [Steve Orchard, operations director, GCap Media]
“I’m sure digital will be a contributory factor as regards audience share, but it is dependent on programming
too.” [Jeremy Found, head of media, COI]
UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

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Grant Goddard

UK radio listening by platform

radio specialist

DAB is not the only digital platform
RADIO HOURS LISTENED BY PLATFORM (% )

14%
12%
10%
8%
6%

LISTENING VIA INTERNET

4%

LISTENING VIA TV
2%

LISTENING VIA DAB
2006Q4

2006Q3

2006Q2

2006Q1

2005Q4

2005Q3

2005Q2

2005Q1

2004Q4

0%

[Source: RAJAR/Ipsos Media Platform Survey, methodology changed
from Q3 2006 forwards]









DAB receiver purchase has been the biggest driver of the migration from analogue to digital listening
Digital radio stations available on Freeview (11 BBC, 15 commercial) generate listening equally across all
demographics
Internet listening driven by higher broadband penetration at home and work
Mobile phone listening (via FM and DAB) will increase in importance (8% of population have ever listened
to radio via mobile phone)
55% of adult population have ever accessed digital radio at home (including 16% via DAB, 22% via
internet, 39% via digital TV)
Radio via digital TV has 22% weekly reach
Radio via internet has 12% weekly reach

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

12
Grant Goddard

DAB radio receiver sales

radio specialist

DAB radio receiver sales are slowing down
YEAR-ON-YEAR CHANGE IN DAB RADIO SALES (%)

200

12-month moving average
150

100

50

Feb-07

Dec-06

Oct-06

Aug-06

Jun-06

Apr-06

Feb-06

Dec-05

Oct-05

Aug-05

Jun-05

Apr-05

Feb-05

Dec-04

0

[Source: DRDB/GfK]

 DAB receiver sales in 2006 increased 21% year-on-year, compared to 66% a year earlier
 DAB receivers comprise only 18% of radio units sold
 DAB receivers comprise less than 1% of car radios sold, only 13% of clock radios sold, and only 3% of
mp3 player/radio combos sold
 “We believe that 2007 is going to be quite a tough year [for DAB sales]” [Colin Crawford, director of
marketing, Pure Digital]

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

13
Grant Goddard

Digital radio listening

radio specialist

Ofcom forecasts digital platforms will comprise 50% of radio listening by 2010
DIGITAL RADIO LISTENING (% of total listening)

100

80

60

40

RAJAR Platform Survey

20

Ofcom forecast

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

0

[Source: RAJAR, Ofcom]

According to Ofcom market research:
 84% of the population have never used a DAB radio receiver
 65% of the population have never listened to radio via digital TV
 83% of the population have never listened to radio via the internet
 91% of the population have never listened to radio via their mobile phone
 75% of the population said they were ‘unlikely’ to purchase a DAB radio receiver within the next six
months
 whereas 92% of the population used analogue radio at least once a month
UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

14
Grant Goddard

National digital stations vs. national analogue stations

radio specialist

Listening to new digital radio stations remains tiny relative to traditional analogue radio stations
NATIONAL RADIO STATIONS RANKED BY SHARE (%)
national stations
station

owner

Radio 2
Radio 4
Radio 1
Radio 5 Live
Classic FM
TalkSport
Virgin Radio
Radio 3

BBC
BBC
BBC
BBC
GCap
UTV
SMG
BBC

TOTAL

share

BBC
commercial

national DAB stations

% share
all radio
listening

85%
15%

station

15.8
11.1
9.7
4.4
4.2
1.8
1.5
1.4

BBC7
BBC 6 Music
Planet Rock
Asian Network
1Xtra
Five Live Sports Extra
OneWord
Capital Life
Core
TheJazz
49.9 TOTAL
42.4
7.5

owner

% share
all radio
listening

BBC
BBC
GCap
BBC
BBC
BBC
C4/UBC
GCap
GCap
GCap
share

0.33
0.24
0.22
0.22
0.17
0.12
0.04
0.03
0.03
n/a
1.41

77%
23%

1.08
0.33

BBC
commercial

[Source: RAJAR, 2006Q4]

 National digital stations attract only 1% of all radio listening
 BBC dominates listening to national analogue stations (85% to 12%)
 BBC dominates listening to national digital stations (77% to 23%)

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

15
Grant Goddard

National and quasi-national digital stations

radio specialist

Commercial radio offers more content on digital than BBC

DAB
national

Freeview

LISTENING TO NATIONAL + QUASI-NATIONAL DIGITAL RADIO
STATIONS
owner

The Hits
BBC7
6 Music
Smash Hits
Planet Rock
Asian Network
1Xtra
5 Live Sports Extra
Mojo
Virgin Classic Rock
Heat
The Arrow
Chill
Q
oneword
Capital Life
3C
Core
Capital Disney
Virgin Xtreme
Virgin Groove
Fun
TheJazz
BBC total
commercial total

DAB
local

station

EMAP
BBC
BBC
EMAP
GCap
BBC
BBC
BBC
EMAP
SMG
EMAP
Chrysalis
GCap
EMAP
C4/UBC
GCap
EMAP
GCap
GCap
SMG
SMG
GCap
GCap

year-on-year change
in hours listened hrs/wk ('000)
2005
15%
45%
61%
-2%
61%
-32%
34%
22%
-10%
20%
230%

2006
20%
30%
21%
19%
62%
22%
4%
67%
42%
-7%
21%
-3%

13%
54%

-4%
-4%
-16%

-17%
52%

30%
21%
-42%

21%
36%

26%
15%

Q4 2006
3,810
3,496
2,514
2,453
2,363
2,333
1,804
1,272
939
937
747
744
720
554
458
359
320
271
261
227
170
149
[new]
11,419
15,482

[Source: RAJAR]

 Commercial radio offers 355 services, 118 brands and 32 digital-only stations on DAB
 BBC offers 59 services, 43 brands and 4 digital-only stations on DAB
 All BBC digital services showed year-on-year growth in hours listened in 2006, whereas several
commercial services suffered falls in hours listened
UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

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Grant Goddard

Radio listening by platform

radio specialist

Commercial radio usage on digital platforms exceeds BBC
% HOURS LISTENED BY PLATFORM
digital
analogue
quarter
total
DAB
DTV
internet
ALL RADIO:
2004Q4
94%
6%
2%
2%
1%
2005Q4
89%
11%
6%
3%
2%
2006Q2
86%
14%
7%
4%
2%
2006Q4
88%
12%
7%
4%
2%
COMMERCIAL RADIO:
2004Q4
95%
5%
2%
3%
1%
2005Q4
89%
11%
5%
4%
2%
2006Q2
84%
16%
8%
5%
3%
2006Q4
86%
14%
6%
6%
2%
BBC RADIO [estimated]:
2004Q4
93%
7%
3%
2%
1%
2005Q4
89%
11%
7%
2%
2%
2006Q2
88%
12%
7%
3%
2%
2006Q4
88%
12%
7%
2%
1%
*2006Q4 data not directly comparable as methodology changed
[Source: RAJAR, DRDB]

 Analogue radio listening dominates over digital (88% to 12%)
 Commercial radio’s greater proportion of digital listening than the BBC is unsurprising, since:
 43% of listening to commercial radio is by under-35s
 45% of listening to BBC is by over-55s
UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

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Grant Goddard

Mobile phone listening

radio specialist

Radio listening via mobile phones not substantial, despite high penetration and FM presence in
handsets for 5-10 years
 Radio via IP (ie: Vodafone Radio DJ and Virgin Radio mobile application)

Data charges are expensive for user with pay-per-usage (~1MB per minute)

Radio usage with unlimited data bundles would generate significant network load, and therefore
usage of streaming services is often prohibited
 DAB/DMB radio (ie: Virgin Lobster handset)

Competition from mobile TV for user’s attention

Greater handset cost and size/weight

Substitution by FM radio which offers more robust reception
 FM radio

Widespread incorporation into handsets (ie: 52 of Nokia’s current 86 handsets)

Low adoption (8% of adult population, RAJAR)

Offers music purchase option via Sony Ericsson Track ID

Low promotion as no revenues generated for operators
 Radio listening via mobile requires listening via headphones
 Competition for on-the-move radio usage from portable mp3 players
 Convergence of phone/mp3 functionality positions radio and mp3 listening options side-by-side

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

18
Grant Goddard

Industry forecasts 1

radio specialist

Industry forecasts of DAB receiver sales may prove over-optimistic
DAB RADIO PENETRATION (% )

60

DAB CUMULATIVE SET SALES (millions)

25

50

20

40
15

30
10

20
10

RAJAR actual (% adults)
DRDB forecast (% households)

5
GfK actual

[Source: RAJAR, DRDB]

2010Q3

2010Q1

2009Q3

2009Q1

2008Q3

2008Q1

2007Q3

2007Q1

2006Q3

2006Q1

2005Q3

2005Q1

2004Q3

2004Q1

0

DRDB forecast
0
2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

[Source: DRDB]

 The RadioCentre has discussed with the BBC the possibility of analogue switch-off in 2010 or 2015
 Multiplex owner Digital One has proposed 2015 as a “logical, achievable and sensible commencement date
for switching off the first FM frequencies”
 Ofcom predicts only that “at some point over the next 10 to 15 years, there may come a point where the
vast majority of radio listening is via digital platforms”

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

19
Grant Goddard

Industry forecasts 2

radio specialist

Commercial radio industry forecasts may prove over-optimistic

In January 2007, the commercial radio industry adopted a year-three plan with forecasts for:
 Radio’s share of display advertising
 7% by 2009, 8% by 2011 (from 6.0% in 2006)
 Commercial radio’s share of listening versus BBC
 46% by 2009, 48% by 2011 (from 43.2% in Q4 2006)
 Digital radio’s share of all commercial radio listening
 30% by 2009, 50% by 2011 (from 14% in Q4 2006)

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

20
Grant Goddard

Issues facing commercial radio stations

radio specialist

 COMPELLING CONTENT
 INNOVATION
 CREATIVITY
 PROGRAMMES, NOT PLAYLISTS
 DIALOGUE, NOT MONOLOGUE
 ACCESSIBILITY
 OUTREACH
 TRUSTWORTHY
 RELIABILITY
 QUALITY OF COMMERCIALS
 DIFFERENT FROM COMPETITORS, NOT THE SAME
 RELATIONSHIPS
 LOCAL ADVERTISING
 UNPREDICTABILITY
 MISSIONARY ZEAL

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

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Grant Goddard

What consumers want

radio specialist

Young people want:
 Uninterrupted iPod music sometimes for:
• Personal choice of music
• No ads
• No inane chat
• Less repetition
• Spontaneity of randomised playlists
 Radio sometimes for:
• Human voices provide entertainment, comfort and a sense of security
• An accompaniment to other activities
• Mood management (getting you up, chilling you out)
• Information (news, traffic, travel, what’s on)
[Ofcom, The iPod Generation, 2004]
The most important characteristics of radio for people of all ages are (in order):
 Stations and services that are easy to receive on the move
 Witty and entertaining presenters
 Local news bulletins and reports to keep people well informed
 Local and national weather reports
 National news bulletins and reports to keep people well informed
Asked if they want more national radio or more local radio:
 Twice as many people opted for local radio over national radio
Ofcom concluded that “radio was felt to have an important role to play in giving local communities a sense of
identity”
[Ofcom, Radio: Preparing For The Future, 2005]
UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

22
Grant Goddard

What the advertising community wants

radio specialist

“The biggest problem with radio commercials is commercial radio. People rightly bemoan the state of creativity
in radio advertising, but I can’t remember anyone ever bemoaning the lack of creativity in commercial radio
itself. When the medium is so format-driven that it’s devoid of any original content or innovation, and
stations are so homogeneous as to be anonymous, is it any wonder people don’t get excited about it?”
[Jim Thornton, executive creative director, Leo Burnett London]
“Commercial radio needs to do a lot of work in order to make it an appealing medium. Nothing is more likely to
destroy an audience than a spate of radio commercials across stations with an identical offering.”
[Brian Jenkins, head of radio, COI]
“There is a crisis in radio creativity within the world of full-service agencies, where there tends to be an inherent
snobbery towards the medium. At the most junior level, everyone thinks that they can do radio commercials
and, to a large extent, it has become the primary school medium that is given to trainees or juniors. Little
wonder then that 90% of radio ads are rubbish.”
[Stephen Donovan, managing director, Radioville]

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

23
Grant Goddard

Radio regulation 1

radio specialist

Format regulation has created hundreds of homogenous analogue commercial radio stations:
 86% of stations play mainstream popular music, comprising:
• 53% play oldies
• 20% play current hits
• 8% are “full service” stations
• 4% play adult contemporary music
 5% serve ethnic minorities
 3% play rock music
 2% play dance music
 1% play jazz/soul
 1% play easy listening
 1% offer news/talk programming
 0% play classical music (one station)
Since this survey (June 2006), the situation has worsened, as Jazz FM, Smooth FM and Saga FM stations
have adopted oldies formats

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

24
Grant Goddard

Radio regulation 2

radio specialist

 The commercial radio industry will have to reduce its substantial fixed costs by:


renegotiation of its format/content requirements with Ofcom



renegotiation of its music royalty payments to PRS and PPL



renegotiation of its transmission agreements with Arqiva/NGW

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

25
Grant Goddard

Endnote

radio specialist

“The big boys are simply brands that are having to compete with an ever-increasing number of other brands,
which are coming to radio from online, TV and magazines, to name but three. Success will depend less and
less on old formats and big names, and more on musical choice, interactivity and availability. The less the
established radio stations change, the greater the fragmentation will be”
[Mike Hales, music editor, AOL]
“The much lauded digital radio revolution has become something of a dead duck, and the blame for this lies
squarely with radio companies. After rushing in to grab bandwidth on the digital multiplex, there has been a
singular lack of imagination and investment in digital stations’ content and their marketing”
[Colin Grimshaw, deputy editor, Media Week]
“I’m broadly optimistic about its future [radio], but I think it’s more vulnerable than people realise, particularly
among the young generation. If it doesn’t reinvent itself, it will become a diminishing part of the landscape”
[Andy Duncan, chief executive, C4]

UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007

26

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'UK Commercial Radio Market Context: April 2007' by Grant Goddard

  • 1. UK COMMERCIAL RADIO MARKET CONTEXT Grant Goddard radio specialist www.grantgoddard.co.uk April 2007
  • 2. Grant Goddard Agenda  UK commercial radio revenues  UK commercial radio issues  UK commercial radio listening  UK local commercial radio  Digital radio  UK radio listening by platform  Industry forecasts  Issues  radio specialist Endnote UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 2
  • 3. Grant Goddard UK commercial radio revenues radio specialist COMMERCIAL RADIO REVENUES (£m current prices) 800 Branded Content 700 National Advertisers Local Advertisers 600 500 400 300 200 100 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 0 [Source: Radio Advertising Bureau] 2005 revenues 2006 revenues Q4 2006 revenues down 4% year-on-year down 5% year-on-year down 10% year-on-year “Radio advertising has stalled, both in absolute terms and as a share of total advertising. We believe this is being partly driven by a process of structural adjustment in favour of new media, a trend we believe will continue, putting huge pressure on the commercial radio sector and, in particular, local stations.” [Peter Davies, Director of Radio & Multimedia, Ofcom, Jan 2007] UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 3
  • 4. Grant Goddard UK commercial radio advertising forecasts radio specialist Radio advertising forecasts Advertising ZenithOptimedia Association [Dec forecasts [Dec Group M forecasts Opera forecasts RadioCentre 2006] 2006] [Nov 2006] [Nov 2006] [Jan 2007] 2007 2008 2009 -0.8% 7.3% 7.5% 0.9% 1.8% 1.8% 1.1% -2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 6.4% 6.4% 6.4%  2006 revenues were £582m  OPera forecasts £627m by 2009  RadioCentre forecasts £700m+ by 2009 Ofcom: “Some people may argue that these problems are due to cyclical factors and that the industry will recover in the next advertising upturn. But we believe the changes happening in the radio industry may be more structural and may need to be addressed in the interests of listeners.” [Nov 2006] GCap Media: “Commercial radio revenues have been impacted in recent years both by fluctuating trends in overall spend, as well as the growth of internet advertising. These changes are structural and are likely to continue for the foreseeable future.” [Dec 2006] UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 4
  • 5. Grant Goddard UK commercial radio issues radio specialist Advertising agencies have issues with radio  “You can’t assume that, because a certain age group has grown up with commercial radio, it will stick with it. You have to keep your audience by giving them good programming. Younger planner buyers now have a negative perception of radio – how it’s losing listeners and the audience measurement system is inadequate.” [Erica Taylor, Group Buying Director, Starcom]  “It’s a great companion medium. It’s true though that, in that particular context, programming and advertising quality is more important than ever. Without engagement, radio becomes even easier to ignore.” [Al Young, Executive Creative Director, St Luke’s]  “In the last year or so, digital audiences have grown but, as a general rule, sales companies are not pushing the opportunities.” [Howard Bareham, Managing Partner, Mindshare] Similar views from within the radio industry  “Radio has forgotten how to sell itself. Radio has said: ‘Oh my goodness, we have got to be more like the internet and sell ourselves as a commodity.’ How dull is that?” [Fru Hazlitt, former CEO, Virgin Radio]  “Radio needs a new lease of life in the hearts and minds of advertisers.” [Ralph Bernard, CEO, GCap Media]  “I think the way of selling and buying radio advertising needs to change, in the same way that the internet had to change the way it sold and bought its medium. Frankly, I do think it’s archaic. All this nonsense that goes on just to book a radio campaign. It’s a joke. It’s got to be so much easier.” [Fru Hazlitt, former CEO, Virgin Radio] UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 5
  • 6. Grant Goddard Total radio listening radio specialist Total hours listened are forecast to continue a slow decline, despite population growth TOTAL RADIO LISTENING (bn hours/year) 57 56 55 54 53 RAJAR 52 Ofcom forecast 51 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 [Source: RAJAR, Ofcom]  Ofcom forecasts that “radio listening is expected to decline over time, with increasing substitution from noninternet radio to internet radio” UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 6
  • 7. Grant Goddard UK commercial radio share of listening radio specialist SHARE OF RADIO LISTENING (%) 60 55 50 45 40 ALL BBC RADIO 35 ALL COMMERCIAL RADIO 2006Q2 2005Q3 2004Q4 2004Q1 2003Q2 2002Q3 2001Q4 2001Q1 2000Q2 1999Q3 1998Q4 1998Q1 1997Q2 1996Q3 1995Q4 1995Q1 1994Q2 1993Q3 1992Q4 30 [Source: RAJAR/Ipsos Media] Long-term commercial radio audience attrition from the BBC Growth of commercial radio listening (and revenues) during 1990s was due to a fortuitous combination of circumstances, rather than to the implementation of competitive strategies:  The self-destruction of market leader BBC Radio One (share fell from 23% in 1992 to 9% in 1998)  Launch of UK’s first national commercial stations in 1992, 1993 and 1995  Unprecedented growth in new local commercial stations licensed during 1990s  Launch of the Radio Advertising Bureau in 1992  Early consolidation in commercial radio industry UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 7
  • 8. Grant Goddard UK commercial radio listening by demographic radio specialist Commercial radio’s ‘heartland audience’ under pressure COMMERCIAL RADIO - SHARE OF LISTENING BY DEMOGRAPHIC (%) share of listening 15-44 15-24 male 25-34 male 35-44 male 15-24 female 25-34 female 35-44 female 1999Q4 2000Q4 2001Q4 2002Q4 2003Q4 2004Q4 2005Q4 2006Q4 59% 60% 59% 59% 59% 57% 54% 54% 55% 60% 58% 58% 61% 60% 56% 57% 54% 55% 54% 53% 54% 51% 46% 48% 56% 53% 51% 53% 51% 49% 49% 45% 67% 68% 71% 68% 70% 71% 67% 64% 65% 67% 63% 66% 65% 63% 57% 58% 63% 60% 60% 59% 60% 58% 56% 56% [Source: RAJAR/Ipsos Media] The industry defines 15 to 44 year olds as the “heartland audience for the commercial sector”, but this demographic’s share of listening is being squeezed by:  BBC Radio One’s audience becoming older • share amongst 25 to 34 males steady at 24%, whilst share down amongst 15 to 24 males (from 32% to 25% between Q4 1999 and Q4 2006)  BBC Radio Two’s audience becoming younger • increasing popularity amongst 25 to 34s (male and female shares both up from 5% to 10% between Q4 1999 and Q4 2006) • increasing popularity amongst 35 to 44s (male share up from 8% to 18%, female share up from 8% to 13% between Q4 1999 and Q4 2006) Additionally:  Hours listened to all radio (BBC and commercial) by 25 to 34s has fallen by 18% (Q4 1999 to Q4 2006), mostly as a result of population changes UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 8
  • 9. Grant Goddard UK commercial radio reach and hours by demographic radio specialist Younger demographics drift away from commercial radio WEEKLY REACH 15-24 year olds (% ) 100% 1999Q4 95% 2000Q4 90% 2002Q4 80% 2003Q4 75% 2004Q4 70% 2005Q4 65% 2000Q4 22 2001Q4 20 2002Q4 2003Q4 18 2004Q4 2005Q4 16 2006Q4 14 55% 50% 100% 1999Q4 2006Q4 60% 12 ALL RADIO 25 to 34 year olds:  Reach steady for all radio, but in decline for commercial radio  Hours listened in decline AVERAGE HRS. 15-24 yr olds (hr/wk) 2001Q4 85% 15 to 24 year olds:  Reach steady for all radio, but in decline for commercial radio  Hours listened in decline 24 COMMERCIAL RADIO ALL RADIO WEEKLY REACH 25-34 yr olds (% ) 1999Q4 95% 2000Q4 90% 24 COMMERCIAL RADIO AVERAGE HRS. 25-34 yr olds (hr/wk) 1999Q4 2000Q4 22 2001Q4 85% 2002Q4 80% 2003Q4 75% 2004Q4 70% 2005Q4 65% 2001Q4 20 2002Q4 2003Q4 18 2004Q4 2005Q4 16 2006Q4 60% 2006Q4 14 55% 50% 12 ALL RADIO COMMERCIAL RADIO ALL RADIO COMMERCIAL RADIO [Source: RAJAR/Ipsos Media] UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 9
  • 10. Grant Goddard UK local commercial radio radio specialist Local radio proving uneconomic Ofcom: “While local commercial radio may remain popular, the decline in its attractiveness to advertisers may mean that the current business model for commercial radio – particularly for local stations – may not be sustainable.” [Nov 2006] Local radio faces particular challenges:  Local commercial radio’s hours listened fell by 10% between Q4 1999 and Q4 2006  Local advertising revenues fell by 15% between 1999 and 2006 (at current prices)  Half of all local commercial stations lose money or make an annual profit of less than £100,000  Fixed costs represent 70% of total operational costs for local radio Balance sheets increasingly require impairment adjustments to valuations of radio licences:  The Local Radio Company wrote down the value of its licences by £16.3m to £19.1m during year ended 30th September 2006  GCap Media wrote down the value of its two remaining Century stations by £7.1m before sale for £60m in October 2006  UTV wrote down the value of its UK radio licences by £20.2m during year ended 31st December 2006  SMG wrote down the value of Virgin Radio by £58.8m to £105.0m during year ended 31st December 2006 Local radio licences offered by the regulator relatively recently will increasingly be returned, due to unviability:  Star FM, Stroud (owned by UKRD) opened 1998, closed September 2006  River FM, West Lothian (owned by Kingdom Radio Group) opened 2003, closed January 2007 UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 10
  • 11. Grant Goddard Digital-only radio stations radio specialist New digital-only radio stations – driving growth on new platforms TOP DIGITAL-ONLY RADIO STATIONS local DAB national DAB Sky Freeview Group BBC W orld Service The Hits BBC7 BBC 6 Music Smash Hits Radio Planet Rock BBC Asian Network UK 1Xtra from the BBC Five Live Sports Extra Mojo Radio Virgin Radio Classic Rock Heat The Arrow Chill Q BBC EMAP BBC BBC EMAP GCap BBC BBC BBC EMAP SMG EMAP Chrysalis GCap EMAP Hours per week ('000) 6,275 3,810 3,496 2,514 2,453 2,363 2,333 1,804 1,272 939 937 747 744 720 554 [Source: RAJAR/Ipsos Media, Q4 2006, Asian Network excludes listening within local TSA; BBC World Service includes AM/SW listening] Differing strategies for new digital-only stations:  BBC: only six brands, all national on DAB, complementary niche content, all on Freeview, Sky and cable  Commercial radio: 34 brands, mix of national/regional/local, mix of platforms Too early to determine which player will benefit most from digital radio uptake: “The BBC has had an unfair share of the analogue spectrum but digital enables the commercial players the space to compete on a much more equal footing.” [Steve Orchard, operations director, GCap Media] “I’m sure digital will be a contributory factor as regards audience share, but it is dependent on programming too.” [Jeremy Found, head of media, COI] UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 11
  • 12. Grant Goddard UK radio listening by platform radio specialist DAB is not the only digital platform RADIO HOURS LISTENED BY PLATFORM (% ) 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% LISTENING VIA INTERNET 4% LISTENING VIA TV 2% LISTENING VIA DAB 2006Q4 2006Q3 2006Q2 2006Q1 2005Q4 2005Q3 2005Q2 2005Q1 2004Q4 0% [Source: RAJAR/Ipsos Media Platform Survey, methodology changed from Q3 2006 forwards]        DAB receiver purchase has been the biggest driver of the migration from analogue to digital listening Digital radio stations available on Freeview (11 BBC, 15 commercial) generate listening equally across all demographics Internet listening driven by higher broadband penetration at home and work Mobile phone listening (via FM and DAB) will increase in importance (8% of population have ever listened to radio via mobile phone) 55% of adult population have ever accessed digital radio at home (including 16% via DAB, 22% via internet, 39% via digital TV) Radio via digital TV has 22% weekly reach Radio via internet has 12% weekly reach UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 12
  • 13. Grant Goddard DAB radio receiver sales radio specialist DAB radio receiver sales are slowing down YEAR-ON-YEAR CHANGE IN DAB RADIO SALES (%) 200 12-month moving average 150 100 50 Feb-07 Dec-06 Oct-06 Aug-06 Jun-06 Apr-06 Feb-06 Dec-05 Oct-05 Aug-05 Jun-05 Apr-05 Feb-05 Dec-04 0 [Source: DRDB/GfK]  DAB receiver sales in 2006 increased 21% year-on-year, compared to 66% a year earlier  DAB receivers comprise only 18% of radio units sold  DAB receivers comprise less than 1% of car radios sold, only 13% of clock radios sold, and only 3% of mp3 player/radio combos sold  “We believe that 2007 is going to be quite a tough year [for DAB sales]” [Colin Crawford, director of marketing, Pure Digital] UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 13
  • 14. Grant Goddard Digital radio listening radio specialist Ofcom forecasts digital platforms will comprise 50% of radio listening by 2010 DIGITAL RADIO LISTENING (% of total listening) 100 80 60 40 RAJAR Platform Survey 20 Ofcom forecast 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 0 [Source: RAJAR, Ofcom] According to Ofcom market research:  84% of the population have never used a DAB radio receiver  65% of the population have never listened to radio via digital TV  83% of the population have never listened to radio via the internet  91% of the population have never listened to radio via their mobile phone  75% of the population said they were ‘unlikely’ to purchase a DAB radio receiver within the next six months  whereas 92% of the population used analogue radio at least once a month UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 14
  • 15. Grant Goddard National digital stations vs. national analogue stations radio specialist Listening to new digital radio stations remains tiny relative to traditional analogue radio stations NATIONAL RADIO STATIONS RANKED BY SHARE (%) national stations station owner Radio 2 Radio 4 Radio 1 Radio 5 Live Classic FM TalkSport Virgin Radio Radio 3 BBC BBC BBC BBC GCap UTV SMG BBC TOTAL share BBC commercial national DAB stations % share all radio listening 85% 15% station 15.8 11.1 9.7 4.4 4.2 1.8 1.5 1.4 BBC7 BBC 6 Music Planet Rock Asian Network 1Xtra Five Live Sports Extra OneWord Capital Life Core TheJazz 49.9 TOTAL 42.4 7.5 owner % share all radio listening BBC BBC GCap BBC BBC BBC C4/UBC GCap GCap GCap share 0.33 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.17 0.12 0.04 0.03 0.03 n/a 1.41 77% 23% 1.08 0.33 BBC commercial [Source: RAJAR, 2006Q4]  National digital stations attract only 1% of all radio listening  BBC dominates listening to national analogue stations (85% to 12%)  BBC dominates listening to national digital stations (77% to 23%) UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 15
  • 16. Grant Goddard National and quasi-national digital stations radio specialist Commercial radio offers more content on digital than BBC DAB national Freeview LISTENING TO NATIONAL + QUASI-NATIONAL DIGITAL RADIO STATIONS owner The Hits BBC7 6 Music Smash Hits Planet Rock Asian Network 1Xtra 5 Live Sports Extra Mojo Virgin Classic Rock Heat The Arrow Chill Q oneword Capital Life 3C Core Capital Disney Virgin Xtreme Virgin Groove Fun TheJazz BBC total commercial total DAB local station EMAP BBC BBC EMAP GCap BBC BBC BBC EMAP SMG EMAP Chrysalis GCap EMAP C4/UBC GCap EMAP GCap GCap SMG SMG GCap GCap year-on-year change in hours listened hrs/wk ('000) 2005 15% 45% 61% -2% 61% -32% 34% 22% -10% 20% 230% 2006 20% 30% 21% 19% 62% 22% 4% 67% 42% -7% 21% -3% 13% 54% -4% -4% -16% -17% 52% 30% 21% -42% 21% 36% 26% 15% Q4 2006 3,810 3,496 2,514 2,453 2,363 2,333 1,804 1,272 939 937 747 744 720 554 458 359 320 271 261 227 170 149 [new] 11,419 15,482 [Source: RAJAR]  Commercial radio offers 355 services, 118 brands and 32 digital-only stations on DAB  BBC offers 59 services, 43 brands and 4 digital-only stations on DAB  All BBC digital services showed year-on-year growth in hours listened in 2006, whereas several commercial services suffered falls in hours listened UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 16
  • 17. Grant Goddard Radio listening by platform radio specialist Commercial radio usage on digital platforms exceeds BBC % HOURS LISTENED BY PLATFORM digital analogue quarter total DAB DTV internet ALL RADIO: 2004Q4 94% 6% 2% 2% 1% 2005Q4 89% 11% 6% 3% 2% 2006Q2 86% 14% 7% 4% 2% 2006Q4 88% 12% 7% 4% 2% COMMERCIAL RADIO: 2004Q4 95% 5% 2% 3% 1% 2005Q4 89% 11% 5% 4% 2% 2006Q2 84% 16% 8% 5% 3% 2006Q4 86% 14% 6% 6% 2% BBC RADIO [estimated]: 2004Q4 93% 7% 3% 2% 1% 2005Q4 89% 11% 7% 2% 2% 2006Q2 88% 12% 7% 3% 2% 2006Q4 88% 12% 7% 2% 1% *2006Q4 data not directly comparable as methodology changed [Source: RAJAR, DRDB]  Analogue radio listening dominates over digital (88% to 12%)  Commercial radio’s greater proportion of digital listening than the BBC is unsurprising, since:  43% of listening to commercial radio is by under-35s  45% of listening to BBC is by over-55s UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 17
  • 18. Grant Goddard Mobile phone listening radio specialist Radio listening via mobile phones not substantial, despite high penetration and FM presence in handsets for 5-10 years  Radio via IP (ie: Vodafone Radio DJ and Virgin Radio mobile application)  Data charges are expensive for user with pay-per-usage (~1MB per minute)  Radio usage with unlimited data bundles would generate significant network load, and therefore usage of streaming services is often prohibited  DAB/DMB radio (ie: Virgin Lobster handset)  Competition from mobile TV for user’s attention  Greater handset cost and size/weight  Substitution by FM radio which offers more robust reception  FM radio  Widespread incorporation into handsets (ie: 52 of Nokia’s current 86 handsets)  Low adoption (8% of adult population, RAJAR)  Offers music purchase option via Sony Ericsson Track ID  Low promotion as no revenues generated for operators  Radio listening via mobile requires listening via headphones  Competition for on-the-move radio usage from portable mp3 players  Convergence of phone/mp3 functionality positions radio and mp3 listening options side-by-side UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 18
  • 19. Grant Goddard Industry forecasts 1 radio specialist Industry forecasts of DAB receiver sales may prove over-optimistic DAB RADIO PENETRATION (% ) 60 DAB CUMULATIVE SET SALES (millions) 25 50 20 40 15 30 10 20 10 RAJAR actual (% adults) DRDB forecast (% households) 5 GfK actual [Source: RAJAR, DRDB] 2010Q3 2010Q1 2009Q3 2009Q1 2008Q3 2008Q1 2007Q3 2007Q1 2006Q3 2006Q1 2005Q3 2005Q1 2004Q3 2004Q1 0 DRDB forecast 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 [Source: DRDB]  The RadioCentre has discussed with the BBC the possibility of analogue switch-off in 2010 or 2015  Multiplex owner Digital One has proposed 2015 as a “logical, achievable and sensible commencement date for switching off the first FM frequencies”  Ofcom predicts only that “at some point over the next 10 to 15 years, there may come a point where the vast majority of radio listening is via digital platforms” UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 19
  • 20. Grant Goddard Industry forecasts 2 radio specialist Commercial radio industry forecasts may prove over-optimistic In January 2007, the commercial radio industry adopted a year-three plan with forecasts for:  Radio’s share of display advertising  7% by 2009, 8% by 2011 (from 6.0% in 2006)  Commercial radio’s share of listening versus BBC  46% by 2009, 48% by 2011 (from 43.2% in Q4 2006)  Digital radio’s share of all commercial radio listening  30% by 2009, 50% by 2011 (from 14% in Q4 2006) UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 20
  • 21. Grant Goddard Issues facing commercial radio stations radio specialist  COMPELLING CONTENT  INNOVATION  CREATIVITY  PROGRAMMES, NOT PLAYLISTS  DIALOGUE, NOT MONOLOGUE  ACCESSIBILITY  OUTREACH  TRUSTWORTHY  RELIABILITY  QUALITY OF COMMERCIALS  DIFFERENT FROM COMPETITORS, NOT THE SAME  RELATIONSHIPS  LOCAL ADVERTISING  UNPREDICTABILITY  MISSIONARY ZEAL UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 21
  • 22. Grant Goddard What consumers want radio specialist Young people want:  Uninterrupted iPod music sometimes for: • Personal choice of music • No ads • No inane chat • Less repetition • Spontaneity of randomised playlists  Radio sometimes for: • Human voices provide entertainment, comfort and a sense of security • An accompaniment to other activities • Mood management (getting you up, chilling you out) • Information (news, traffic, travel, what’s on) [Ofcom, The iPod Generation, 2004] The most important characteristics of radio for people of all ages are (in order):  Stations and services that are easy to receive on the move  Witty and entertaining presenters  Local news bulletins and reports to keep people well informed  Local and national weather reports  National news bulletins and reports to keep people well informed Asked if they want more national radio or more local radio:  Twice as many people opted for local radio over national radio Ofcom concluded that “radio was felt to have an important role to play in giving local communities a sense of identity” [Ofcom, Radio: Preparing For The Future, 2005] UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 22
  • 23. Grant Goddard What the advertising community wants radio specialist “The biggest problem with radio commercials is commercial radio. People rightly bemoan the state of creativity in radio advertising, but I can’t remember anyone ever bemoaning the lack of creativity in commercial radio itself. When the medium is so format-driven that it’s devoid of any original content or innovation, and stations are so homogeneous as to be anonymous, is it any wonder people don’t get excited about it?” [Jim Thornton, executive creative director, Leo Burnett London] “Commercial radio needs to do a lot of work in order to make it an appealing medium. Nothing is more likely to destroy an audience than a spate of radio commercials across stations with an identical offering.” [Brian Jenkins, head of radio, COI] “There is a crisis in radio creativity within the world of full-service agencies, where there tends to be an inherent snobbery towards the medium. At the most junior level, everyone thinks that they can do radio commercials and, to a large extent, it has become the primary school medium that is given to trainees or juniors. Little wonder then that 90% of radio ads are rubbish.” [Stephen Donovan, managing director, Radioville] UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 23
  • 24. Grant Goddard Radio regulation 1 radio specialist Format regulation has created hundreds of homogenous analogue commercial radio stations:  86% of stations play mainstream popular music, comprising: • 53% play oldies • 20% play current hits • 8% are “full service” stations • 4% play adult contemporary music  5% serve ethnic minorities  3% play rock music  2% play dance music  1% play jazz/soul  1% play easy listening  1% offer news/talk programming  0% play classical music (one station) Since this survey (June 2006), the situation has worsened, as Jazz FM, Smooth FM and Saga FM stations have adopted oldies formats UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 24
  • 25. Grant Goddard Radio regulation 2 radio specialist  The commercial radio industry will have to reduce its substantial fixed costs by:  renegotiation of its format/content requirements with Ofcom  renegotiation of its music royalty payments to PRS and PPL  renegotiation of its transmission agreements with Arqiva/NGW UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 25
  • 26. Grant Goddard Endnote radio specialist “The big boys are simply brands that are having to compete with an ever-increasing number of other brands, which are coming to radio from online, TV and magazines, to name but three. Success will depend less and less on old formats and big names, and more on musical choice, interactivity and availability. The less the established radio stations change, the greater the fragmentation will be” [Mike Hales, music editor, AOL] “The much lauded digital radio revolution has become something of a dead duck, and the blame for this lies squarely with radio companies. After rushing in to grab bandwidth on the digital multiplex, there has been a singular lack of imagination and investment in digital stations’ content and their marketing” [Colin Grimshaw, deputy editor, Media Week] “I’m broadly optimistic about its future [radio], but I think it’s more vulnerable than people realise, particularly among the young generation. If it doesn’t reinvent itself, it will become a diminishing part of the landscape” [Andy Duncan, chief executive, C4] UK Commercial Radio Market Context © Grant Goddard: April 2007 26