Medical PPt for medical students and professionals

1. ORTHOSES AND
PROSTHESIS

2.  ORTHOSES
 Device used to support an existing
part of the body so as to improve the
function of the part.

3. USES
 1. RELIEVE PAIN : immobilisation : painful
joint
 2. RELIEVE WEIGHT : un-united fracture
 3. PROVIDE SUPPORT : fractured spine
 4. PREVENT DEFORMITY : poliomyelitis
 5. CORRECT DEFORMITY : Volkmann’s
ischaemic contracture
 6. IMPROVE COSMESIS

4. IDEAL FEATURES OF AN
ORTHOTIC DEVICE
 Should be :
1. Strong
2. Light
3. Simple
4. Easy to use (Wear and manipulate)
5. Functionally satisfactory
6. Cosmetically acceptable

5. INTERNATIONAL
TERMINOLOGIES
 Depending on extent of support
 AFO : Ankle-foot orthoses, KAFO: Knee-
ankle-foot orthoses
 HKAFO : Hip- knee-ankle-foot orthoses
 HO : Hand orthoses WHO : Wrist-
hand orthoses
 HWEO : Hand- wrist- elbow- orthoses
 CO: Cervical orthoses
 CTLSO: Cervical-thoracic-lumbar- sacral
orthoses

7.  TYPES
 STATIC: Used to support, prevent and
correct deformities
 DYNAMIC: Assists in movements

8.  AMPUTATIONS
 ABLATION OF A LIMB IS CALLED
AMPUTATION
AMPUTATIONS : TRAUMATIC OR
SURGICAL

10. INDICATIONS
 DEAD LIMB : Crushed limb,
gangrenous limb
 DYING LIMB : Spreading
gangrene,infection
 DYSVASCULAR LIMB : Peripheral vascular disease
(diabetic foot)
 DANGEROUS LIMB : Infections, tumors
 DEFORMED LIMB : Gross congenital
anomaly,defects
 DAMN NUISANCE : Congenital
deformities, nerve injury

11.  TYPES
 OPEN AMPUTATION : guillotine
amputation
 CLOSED AMPUTATION

12. SURGICAL PROCEDURE
 1. Determine the level of amputation: decided by:
 • Extent of disease
 • Anatomical principles : save joint
 • Efficient function with prosthesis : Length of
stump
 2. Apply tourniquet (indications to be noted)
 3. Skin and muscle incised 1-2 inches distal to level
of bone cut
 4. Vessels : Large : Identified and ligated : Double
ligatures
Small : Cauterised

13.  5. Nerves : Pulled on and cut cleanly
with new sharp blade
 6. Bone : Cut at level decided for
amputation
 7. Drainage tube kept in place before
closure of wound in layers

14.  AFTER CARE
1. Dressings
2. Compression bandage
3. Elevation of the limb
4. Stump excercises
5. Prosthetic fitting and training : after stump
‘matures’: 3 months

16. COMPLICATIONS
 1. Haematoma
 2. Infection
 3. Skin necrosis
 4. Neuroma
 5. Phantom limb sensation
 6. Joint deformities

17.  AMPUTATIONS IN CHILDREN
 1. Disarticulation preferred
 2. Requires revision
 3. Tolerate artificial limbs better

18.  COSMETIC
 FUNCTIONAL
 BODY POWERED
 MYOELECTRICAL
 PARTS OF A PROSTHESES
 1. Socket
 2. Socket suspension
 3. Joint
 4. Prosthetic extension
5. Terminal device

19. JAIPUR FOOT
 Through a process of trial and error, with a lot of feed-back from
village amputees, Dr. Sethi developed a design that was more
suited to the traditions, poverty, and environment of rural India.
 The Jaipur foot-piece is heat-molded in iron forms in which
pieces of wood are covered with vulcanized rubber.
 It is very flexible, water-proof, and looks real (with toes, veins,
and skin color).
 The foot is fixed to a lightweight aluminum shank crafted by
traditional tinsmiths.
 The above-the-knee limb has a swivel knee joint that permits
comfortable squatting and cross-legged sitting.

23. THANKS…..