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Portable Multipurpose Stethoscope for disease identification and classification


                                                     TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract.....................................................................................................................................i

Acknowledgement …................................................................................................................ ii

List of Abbreviations……………………………………………………………..………………….. iii

List of figures……………………….........……………………...……………….…...........……….. iv

List of tables……………………….........………………….…...……………….…..........………… .v

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ……………………….………………………………….1

CHAPTER 2 HEART-LUNG SOUNDS ………………………………….…………….…2

         2.1 LUNG SOUNDS BACKGROUND………………………………..………………2

              2.1.1 Classes of Respiratory Sounds………………………..………..…………..…2

                     2.1.1.1 Tracheal ……………………………………………………………… .2

                     2.1.1.2 Bronchial ………………………………………………………………3

                     2.1.1.3 Bronchovesicular .……………………………………………………...3

                     2.1.1.4 Vesicular …………………………………………………………….…3

                     2.1.1.5 Crackles (Rales) ……………………………………….……………….3

                     2.1.1.6Pleural Rub………………………………………….……………….….3

                     2.1.1.7 Rhonchi ……………………………………………………….………..4

                     2.1.1.8 Squawks……………………………………………..….……………….4

                     2.1.1.9 Stridor ………………………………………………..….……………...4

                     2.1.1.10 Wheezes……………………………………………..……….…………4

         2.2 HEART SOUNDS BACKGROUND………………………………………..……...4



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Portable Multipurpose Stethoscope for disease identification and classification


        2.2.1 Heart Anatomy…………………………………………………………………....4

        2.2.2 Heart Rate………………………………………………………………...………5

        2.2.3 Classes of Heart Sounds…………………………………………………………..5

      2.3 CONVENTIONAL METHOD……………………………………………………...6

         2.3.1 Stethoscope…………………………………………………………………......6

         2.3.2 Phonocardiogram………………………………………………………….……6

CHAPTER 3 ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK ………………………….....……........8

      3.1 MULTI-LAYERED PERCEPTION(MLP) ………...…………………..……….......8

        3.1.1 MLP Structure …………………………………….……………..………….…...9

CHAPTER 4 MULTIPURPOSE STETHOSCOPE FOR DISEASE IDENTIFI-

-CATION AND CLASSIFICATION………………………………………..………………..10

      4.1 PRINCIPLE…………………………………………….…………..………...….......10

      4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM…………………………………...………….………………...11

      4.3 STETHOSCOPE …………………………………………………...……….….......12

        4.3.1 The Electromagnetic Diaphragm…………………………..…………......……...12

        4.3.2 Electret Condenser Microphone……………………….……………….………..12

      4.4 PIC 14F883………………..…………………………………………………………12

      4.5 ATOM PROCESSOR..…………...…………………………………...……..…...…13

      4.6 PROCESSING UNIT..…………...……………………………………...…...…......13

      4.7 WIRELESS LAN ……………………………………………………………..….…14

CHAPTER 5 ELECTRONIC DESIGN..…………………………………………………....15



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Portable Multipurpose Stethoscope for disease identification and classification


      5.1 STETHOSCOPE DESIGN…..….………….……………………………………..15

        5.1.1 Probe…………………………………………………………………………...15

        5.1.2 Headphones……………………………………………………………………15

        5.1.2 Microphone specifications…………………………………………….………16

      5.2 MICROCONTROLLER- PIC 16F883.….….…………….……………………....16

        5.2.1 Power Supply……….…....…..………….…………………………………....18

      5.3 SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY……………………………………………..18

      5.4 INTEL ATOM PROCESSOR……....…………………….……………………....19

        5.4.1 Intel i384Architecture………………………..……………………………..….20

      5.5 WIRELESS ROUTER…….….………….………………………………………..20

CHAPTER 6 SOFTWARE DESIGN……………………………………………………..21

      6.1 ATOM PROCESSOR…….………..…………………….………………………..21

        6.1.1 FLOW CHART…………………………...…………………………………...21

        6.1.2 FFMPeg………………………………………………………………………..22

      6.2 PIC 16F883………………………………………………………………………...22

        6.2.1 Flow Chart……………………………………………………….…………….22

      6.3 MATLAB…………………………………………………...……………………..23

        6.3.1 Flow Chart………………………………………………………………...…..23

         6.3.1.1 Fdatool………………………………………………….……………...….22

         6.3.1.2 Framing………………………………………………………………..….25

         6.3.1.3 Windowing ……………………………………………………………......25



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Portable Multipurpose Stethoscope for disease identification and classification


         6.3.1.4 The FFT………………………………………………………….……….26

         6.3.1.5 Power Spectrum…………………………………………………………..26

         6.3.1.6 Vector Quantization……………………….………………………….…..26

         6.3.1.7 ANN…………………………………………….………………………………......27

      6.4 WIRELESS ROUTER……………………………………………………………27

CHAPTER 7 HUMAN FACTOR CONSIDERATIONS……...………………..……….28

CHAPTER 8 SIMULATION TESTING AND CALIBRATION...………………...…...29

     8.1 SIMULATION………...………………………………………………….…….....29

     8.2 TESTING……………………….………………………………...……………......30

     8.3 CALIBRATION………………………………………………………………...…30

CHAPTER 9 RESULT AND ANALYSIS……………………………………………....….31

     9.1 ADVANTAGES ………...………………………………………………….…..........34

     9.2 DISAVANTAGES ……………………….………………………...…………….......34

CHAPTER 10 FUTURE PLANS…………………………………………………………....35

CHAPTER 11 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………......…..36

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………..………........37




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Table

  • 1. Portable Multipurpose Stethoscope for disease identification and classification TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract.....................................................................................................................................i Acknowledgement …................................................................................................................ ii List of Abbreviations……………………………………………………………..………………….. iii List of figures……………………….........……………………...……………….…...........……….. iv List of tables……………………….........………………….…...……………….…..........………… .v CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ……………………….………………………………….1 CHAPTER 2 HEART-LUNG SOUNDS ………………………………….…………….…2 2.1 LUNG SOUNDS BACKGROUND………………………………..………………2 2.1.1 Classes of Respiratory Sounds………………………..………..…………..…2 2.1.1.1 Tracheal ……………………………………………………………… .2 2.1.1.2 Bronchial ………………………………………………………………3 2.1.1.3 Bronchovesicular .……………………………………………………...3 2.1.1.4 Vesicular …………………………………………………………….…3 2.1.1.5 Crackles (Rales) ……………………………………….……………….3 2.1.1.6Pleural Rub………………………………………….……………….….3 2.1.1.7 Rhonchi ……………………………………………………….………..4 2.1.1.8 Squawks……………………………………………..….……………….4 2.1.1.9 Stridor ………………………………………………..….……………...4 2.1.1.10 Wheezes……………………………………………..……….…………4 2.2 HEART SOUNDS BACKGROUND………………………………………..……...4 Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology vi
  • 2. Portable Multipurpose Stethoscope for disease identification and classification 2.2.1 Heart Anatomy…………………………………………………………………....4 2.2.2 Heart Rate………………………………………………………………...………5 2.2.3 Classes of Heart Sounds…………………………………………………………..5 2.3 CONVENTIONAL METHOD……………………………………………………...6 2.3.1 Stethoscope…………………………………………………………………......6 2.3.2 Phonocardiogram………………………………………………………….……6 CHAPTER 3 ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK ………………………….....……........8 3.1 MULTI-LAYERED PERCEPTION(MLP) ………...…………………..……….......8 3.1.1 MLP Structure …………………………………….……………..………….…...9 CHAPTER 4 MULTIPURPOSE STETHOSCOPE FOR DISEASE IDENTIFI- -CATION AND CLASSIFICATION………………………………………..………………..10 4.1 PRINCIPLE…………………………………………….…………..………...….......10 4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM…………………………………...………….………………...11 4.3 STETHOSCOPE …………………………………………………...……….….......12 4.3.1 The Electromagnetic Diaphragm…………………………..…………......……...12 4.3.2 Electret Condenser Microphone……………………….……………….………..12 4.4 PIC 14F883………………..…………………………………………………………12 4.5 ATOM PROCESSOR..…………...…………………………………...……..…...…13 4.6 PROCESSING UNIT..…………...……………………………………...…...…......13 4.7 WIRELESS LAN ……………………………………………………………..….…14 CHAPTER 5 ELECTRONIC DESIGN..…………………………………………………....15 Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology vii
  • 3. Portable Multipurpose Stethoscope for disease identification and classification 5.1 STETHOSCOPE DESIGN…..….………….……………………………………..15 5.1.1 Probe…………………………………………………………………………...15 5.1.2 Headphones……………………………………………………………………15 5.1.2 Microphone specifications…………………………………………….………16 5.2 MICROCONTROLLER- PIC 16F883.….….…………….……………………....16 5.2.1 Power Supply……….…....…..………….…………………………………....18 5.3 SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY……………………………………………..18 5.4 INTEL ATOM PROCESSOR……....…………………….……………………....19 5.4.1 Intel i384Architecture………………………..……………………………..….20 5.5 WIRELESS ROUTER…….….………….………………………………………..20 CHAPTER 6 SOFTWARE DESIGN……………………………………………………..21 6.1 ATOM PROCESSOR…….………..…………………….………………………..21 6.1.1 FLOW CHART…………………………...…………………………………...21 6.1.2 FFMPeg………………………………………………………………………..22 6.2 PIC 16F883………………………………………………………………………...22 6.2.1 Flow Chart……………………………………………………….…………….22 6.3 MATLAB…………………………………………………...……………………..23 6.3.1 Flow Chart………………………………………………………………...…..23 6.3.1.1 Fdatool………………………………………………….……………...….22 6.3.1.2 Framing………………………………………………………………..….25 6.3.1.3 Windowing ……………………………………………………………......25 Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology viii
  • 4. Portable Multipurpose Stethoscope for disease identification and classification 6.3.1.4 The FFT………………………………………………………….……….26 6.3.1.5 Power Spectrum…………………………………………………………..26 6.3.1.6 Vector Quantization……………………….………………………….…..26 6.3.1.7 ANN…………………………………………….………………………………......27 6.4 WIRELESS ROUTER……………………………………………………………27 CHAPTER 7 HUMAN FACTOR CONSIDERATIONS……...………………..……….28 CHAPTER 8 SIMULATION TESTING AND CALIBRATION...………………...…...29 8.1 SIMULATION………...………………………………………………….…….....29 8.2 TESTING……………………….………………………………...……………......30 8.3 CALIBRATION………………………………………………………………...…30 CHAPTER 9 RESULT AND ANALYSIS……………………………………………....….31 9.1 ADVANTAGES ………...………………………………………………….…..........34 9.2 DISAVANTAGES ……………………….………………………...…………….......34 CHAPTER 10 FUTURE PLANS…………………………………………………………....35 CHAPTER 11 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………......…..36 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………..………........37 Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology ix