Philosophical perspective worldviews in research

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2. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE
WORLDVIEWS IN RESEARCH
DESIGN
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1. Post-Positivist worldview
2.
Constructivis
m
3.
Advocacy/Participato
ry
4.
Pragmatis
m

3. POST POSITIVIST
WORLDVIEW
• It was a scientific approach which claimed one objective; i.e.
‘Absolute Truth.’
• It aims to describe what researchers experience, what they
observe and measure
Characteristics of Post Positivist Worldview
• To identify causes, determine effects and outcomes
• Observation and measurement of objective reality
• It ultimately tests whether the research supports the existing
theories and refines for better understanding.
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4. CONSTRUCTIVISM
It is a perspective which accepts reality as a
construct of the human mind; thus, the reality is
perceived to be subjective, unlike Post-positivist.
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5. CHARACTERISTICS OF
CONSTRUCTIVISM
WORLDVIEW
Its an approach to the qualitative
research
Questions are open-ended.
It works on the assumptions that
individuals seek understanding of the
World in which they live or work.
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6. ADVOCACY/PARTICIPATORY
WORLDVIEW
• The research enquiry here is intertwined with politics and political
agenda.
• It was coined in the 1980s and 1990s to address the issues of social
justice of marginalized individuals in society.
• Characteristics of Advocacy/Participatory Worldview
• Participatory action focuses on bringing changes and aims at
creating political debate and discussion
• Specific issues are addressed here. Example- Inequality,
empowerment, oppression etc
• Researchers here mainly address the issues of social justice of the
marginalized section/individuals in society.
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7. THE PRAGMATIC
WORLDVIEW
Its focus is not only on one system of philosophy and reality, but
rather pragmatists apply mixed methods research. For instance,
they enquire from both qualitative and quantitative assumptions.
Characteristic of Pragmatic Worldview
It uses mixed-method research
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8. CRITICAL PARADIGMS
• Critical paradigms are concerned with society and hidden power
structure that permeate it
• It makes judgements on what is right and wrong about society,
and it also determines what can be done to improve society
• Its main objective is to improve the practical field and to change
the situation with the action. Examples; Feminist studies,
Cultural Studies
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9. BACKGROUND STUDY OF
CRITICAL RESEARCH
• Critical research uncovers and assesses the restrictive and
alienating conditions of status quo by analyzing the
oppositions, conflicts and contradictions in contemporary
society and seeks to eliminate the causes of alienation and
domination.
• Critical research was propounded by Max and Jurgen in the
20th century. It entails critiquing and resolving social inequality.
• It propels people to act towards changing their social and
economic circumstances although their ability is constrained by
various forms of social, cultural and political domination.
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10. RECAP
Terms learnt
• 1. Paradigm
• 2. Praxis
 Paradigm is the way people see the World.
 It is an interpretative framework of beliefs and assumptions about
the World.
 It is different from other theories because it seeks Praxis. Praxis is a
combination of theory and action.
 Critical means to analyze, to question, to assess or to appraise
 Critical thinking; means analyzing and evaluating what one thinks
and why he/she thinks about it.
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