Matthew Avery speaks at Global NCAP Annual Forum 2014 Melbourne

1. The Development of EuroNCAP
AEB test procedures for Car and
Vulnerable Road Users

2. 2
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
• ESC is an established life saver
• Other ADAS systems show potential
• ESC saves lives; an ESC equipped
vehicle is 25% less likely to be involved
in a serious or fatal crash in the UK

3. 3
AEB -Autonomous Emergency Braking
• Forward looking sensors (RADAR, LIDAR, Camera)
• System detects an imminent collision
• Some systems issue driver warnings (acoustic, visual, haptic)
• Automatic application of the brakes if driver is unresponsive or
distracted
Car-to-Car Rear (CCR) Car-to-Pedestrian (CP)

4. 4
Unique in-depth study
commissioned by Thatcham
investigating real world
crashes and their causation
factors to formulate realistic
test scenarios that drive AEB
functionalities
Procedures developed from real world data
Test Procedure Development
Example: Cluster 1
• 30% of cases
• Lower speeds
• At junction
• Daylight
• Fine weather
• Veh A going ahead
• Veh B stop/starting
• Following traffic
Aim for 4-6 clusters
≥75% of cases
Report available at: www.thatcham.org/AEB

5. 5
• Assessment with Camera radar fusion system
• Target attributes correlate strongly with those of real
vehicle for RADAR and vision based sensor
systems
• Reflective elements added in typically highly
reflective areas (light clusters and number plate) for
LIDAR sensor performance
Distance from target m
Avoidance
distance m
Driver braking for safety
Touran 98.2
Golf 1.5 60.2
Balloon
Car 2.7 52.5
Assessor 0.8 15.7
Assessor
tyres 0.8 22.7
Rabbit
&
Assessor 1.2 64.4
Rabbit
&
Suzuki 1.7 50.6
ABsessor 1.5 78.8
ADAC 2.6 95.5
AEB
target
Touran
EVT – Test Target development

6. 6
§ Tests performed with driving robots controlling vehicle
§ Consistent and repeatable steering and accelerator inputs
replicating inattentive driver giving tight control of approach
speed and target alignment
§ Precise timing and control for FCW braking input
Antony Best Dynamics (ABD)
Steer robot (SR)
Combined accelerator and
brake robot (CBAR)
Oxford Technical Solutions (OxTS)
RT3002 motion packs
RT Range system (relative motion)
Warning recognition system
AEB testing -
equipment

7. 7
Euro NCAP AEB Test Scenarios

8. 8
Inter-Urban AEB Scenarios
" Precondition: AEB and/or FCW operate up to at least 80km/h
Stationary Moving Braking

9. 9
Inter-urban HMI Preconditions
Activation
" AEB system default
ON at start of every
journey
Forward Collision
Warning (FCW)
" Loud and clear

10. 10
Inter-urban HMI Points

11. 11
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Points
Test speed (km/h)
CCR low speed stationary (City) - Example
Not scored
AEB mitigation
AEB avoidance
3Points 3Points
Adult
Occupant
Protection
Safety
Assist
Final AEB Points Scoring

12. 12
AEB VRU Test scenarios

13. 13
Night time collisions?
Combining accident
data from international
sources
UK UK Germany USA
STATS 19
n=10,574
cluster analysis
frontal collisions
OTS
n=175
cluster analysis
frontal collisions
UDV
n=234 (N=18,571)
3rd party vehicle
claims 2002-2006
frontal collisions
IIHS
1997-2006 FARS &
GES
all car-pedestrians
Pedestrian walks
along in the dark 3% 5% 8% 9%
Non-fatal Fatal
" Longitudinal collision scenario – rural darkness
" Low frequency high severity – FCW, active lighting, steering etc.
" Night time crossing – urban street lighting, not darkness
" Initial 2016 implementation
" Daylight testing only
" VM verification of low light level
performance for additional HMI points
• Potential to develop full darkness testing – 2018?

14. 14
Propulsion and Dummy system
" Platform based system to be used
" Magnetic dummy fixation with auto-release
" 4a Fixed Pose Adult and Child

15. 15
" Radar signature confirmation
" VM confirmation that dummy RCS is acceptably
representative of a typical human to trigger AEB
systems
" VM confirmation of realistic IR return (40-60%)
" Dummy Visuals
" Issue with dummy blending into test track
background
" Various clothing solutions tried – best
compromise
Dummy tuning – Radar and Visuals

16. 16
EuroNCAP Pedestrian AEB Test
Prerequisites
" Prerequisites for scoring AEB VRU points – VM to
prove:
" System must at least be able to detect pedestrians with
walking speeds of 3-8km/h
• System must be active from
vehicle speed of 10km/h
(verified in Adult 75%)

17. 17
0
1
2
3
4
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
AEB Pedestrian Points
" Avoidance required for full score up to 40km/h
" Scoring proportional to speed reduction as per Car-to-car
" Over 40km/h, minimum speed reduction 20km/h
" Pass/fail check all tests speeds separately
" Applies to all four test scenarios (equally weighted)
" Future testing to look at cyclists and darkness (2018)
Minimum speed reduction of
20km/h at each test speed
PASS/FAIL

18. 18
" HMI points
" Prerequisite for HMI points
" AEB system default ON
" FCW, when issued before auto-brake at
speeds >40km/h
" Not switching off in low ambient
lighting conditions
AEB Pedestrian Assessment

19. 19
§ LDW/LKA systems widespread in the market
§ Crash reduction unclear
§ 20% of KSI relate to single vehicle crashes – mostly on straight, well
marked roads
§ Sophisticated Lane Guidance Systems available (Infiniti Q50 – Mercedes
E-Class)
§ New Research looking at Run-off-Road Tests – Straight and Radius
§ Off Road and Across Lane -
Future Research – Run Off Road

20. 20
§ Intersection Crashes – create severe side impacts – high
KSI
§ New 180 degree protection – Side looking Radar or
Camera could prevent many crashes
§ Ability to protect vulnerable road users – motorised two
wheelers
§ Will require new 3D soft crash target
§ Will require development of 3D soft crash target – suitable
for all AEB testing
Intersection Crashes