3. Culture
• It is defined as the custom beliefs, social
forms, and traits that defines a specific racial,
religious or social group
• Material Culture – it is a type of culture
that are created by human person or is
tangible. Examples are food, clothing and
technology
• Non-Material Culture – it is a type of
culture that are being learned or observed by
human. Examples are religions, folk behavior,
gestures and customs
4.
5. Anthropology
• “anthropos” “logos”, intensively
studies humans and the respective
culture where they were born and
actively belong to.
• Study the diversity and similarity of
the way person lives.
• Knowledge of humans.
• Father of all social and behavioral
sciences
6. • Franz Boaz, father of Anthropology
• Ruth Benedict, specialist in anthropology
and folklore who wrote “Patterns of
Culture”.
• Margareth Mead, intensively studies the
sexual practices among native populations
• Bronislaw Malinowski, father of
ethnography
7. Society
•Comes from the Latin word “socius” which
means comrade, companion or friend
•Pertains to a group of individuals involved
in social interaction or sharing the same
geographical or social territory
8. Sociology
• Study of society, social institutions and social
relationships
• Describing and human behaviour
• Sociology is the systematic study of human
society (Macionis 2012: 2), focusing
particularly on the dynamic interplay between
individual and society. At the heart of
sociology is the sociological perspective, a
special point of view of sociology that sees
general patterns of society in the lives of
particular people (Ibid.)
9. C. Wright Mills
• a great number of our social experiences can
overwhelm us into inaction.
• “sociological imagination,” -society—not
people’s personal failings—is the main cause
of social problems -a quality of mind that
enables the possessor to link personal with
the social.
• The sociological imagination also requires a
global perspective, a study of the larger
world and our society’s place in it
10. • Peter Berger- sociology enables us to
see general patterns in particular events
Sociology allows us to see the “strange” in
the familiar.
• W.I Thomas- if people define situations
as real, they are real in their
consequences.
11. Sociology as a Science
• Sociology emerged with the two most
significant social and political revolutions
in history, the French revolution and
Industrial Revolution
12. August Comte
• Invented Sociology in 1842, Greek,
“socius” companion, Latin, “logus” study
• To understand society, it should be
analyzed as it was.
• Favored Positivism- approach on
understanding the world based on Science
• Society operates according to certain Laws
13. Karl Marx
• Forerunner of conflict theory
• Wrote the “the Communist Manifesto”
– misery of the lower class caused by
social order
• Political revolution was vital in the
evolutionary process of the society.
14. Herbert Spencer
• Likened the society to an organism, with a
life and vitality of its own
• Used the phrase “survival of the fittest”
• Proposed the policy of non-interference in
human affairs and society for they would
interfere the natural selection process
• Ideas justified the enslavement of Blacks
15. Emile Durkheim
• Individuals are more the products rather
than creators of society
• Wrote the “Suicide”
• Social forces stronly impact on peoples
lives, and that a seemingly persona; event
is not a personal event after all.
16. Max weber
• Sympathetic understanding of the mind of
others was essential to understanding the
behavior of others
• Religion is very influential in the actions
and thoughts of people.
18. Sociology as Social Philosophy
• Inclusion of sociology in college and
university offerings and taught as social
philosophy
• Introduce by Father Valentin Marin,
whe he initiated a course on criminology
at the University of Sto.Tomas
19. Sociology as a welfare-oriented
discipline
• Focus on analyzing poverty, crime,
unemployment and other problems that
plagued society
• By Serafin Macaraig, first to write
sociology textbook, “An Introduction to
Sociology”
20. Sociology started to take the
scientific orientation
• Started in the increased of educational
program grantess, establishment of social
science research centers and councils,
growing frequency of conferences and
publication of professional journals.
• Started by Benicio Catapusan on rural
Philippines which became the benchmark
for the distribution of economic aid to the
regions.
21. Present…
• Sociology is evident as sociologist appear
in social media, particularly in public
affairs program
• Prof.Randy david, most prominent
sociologist, writes for the Philipine daily
Inquirer (Public Lives), every sunday
22. Turning personal problems into
social problems
Organize a group discussion activity by dividing the
class into groups. Ask them to do the following:
1. Designate a group leader who will facilitate the
discussion, a documenter who will take down
notes, and a reporter who will present the main
points of the group discussion to the class.
2. Illustrate the main points discussed by the group
on a sheet of Manila paper or any appropriately
sized piece of paper.
3. Present the group work to the class.
23. Process Questions
• What personal troubles have you
experienced? Identify 2–3 personal
troubles.
• Are any of these personal troubles also
social problems? Which ones and why?
• Identify solutions to these social problems.
24. Politics
•Comes from the Greek word “Politika”
which means affairs of the cities
•Refers to achieving and exercising positions
of governance over a human community
25. Small Group Activity
Were you able to identify your own and the other
person's social/cultural influences and values? If not,
why not?
Thinking of the people you have the most (or the
most difficult) conflicts with, do you have more
similarities or differences in values and social/cultural
influences?
How do these similarities and differences affect
what you do and what the other person does in a
conflict?
Are conflicts more common between people with
different backgrounds and values, or from similar
backgrounds and values?
26. • Can you resolve conflicts effectively with
someone whose values or social/cultural
influences are different from yours? How?
• If you do not know what the other
person's social/cultural influences and
values are, would it be useful to find that
out? If yes, why? How could you find that
out? If no, why not?
