ogoko gerald-Proposal for Baseline Assessment2-Oxfam Novib

Proposal Outline for Contextual Baseline Assessment
Proposal Outline for the Conduct of Contextual Baseline Assessment for the
VOICE Program
Prepared By: Gerald Ogoko
Client: Oxfam Novib, Nigeria

1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Project Topic………………………………………………………………………….. 2
2. Background of Study………………………………………………………………… 2
3. Objectives of Contextual Baseline Assessment……..…………………………… 7
4. Methodology………………………………………………………………………….. 7
5. Expected Deliverables………………………………………………………………. 8
6. Framework for the Baseline Assessment………………………………….……… 9
Annex A: Implementation Plan for Contextual Baseline Assessment…………….. 11
Annex B: Indicative Budget for the Contextual Baseline Assessment……………. 14

2
1. Project Topic
Contextual Baseline Assessment of the current situation and policy environment in
Nigeria for vulnerable groups in Nigeria. A Contextual and Situational Analysis of the
following vulnerable groups: Persons with Disabilities (PWDs); LGBTQI; Age
discriminated & vulnerable groups; and indigenous & ethnic groups.
2. Background of Study
This study will provide a situational analysis of the space for marginalised people in
Nigeria. The target group for this study are as follows: persons living with disability
(PWDs); women facing violence; exploitation and discrimination; LGBTQI;
age-discriminated groups (mainly the elderly and young people), and indigenous &
ethnic minorities. These five groups form will form the focus for this baseline
assessment. This study will be funded by Oxfam Novib and will form the basis for
improving the design and subsequent implementation of the VOICE program in
Nigeria.
2.1 Persons with Disabilities (PWD)
Within contemporary Nigerian society, there is limited appreciation that disability is
fundamentally an issue inexorably linked to and rooted in human rights. The
common perception, held by policy makers, and the public at large, is that disabled
people and disability issues are perceived in terms of charity and welfare. As a
result, this viewpoint is a significant, entrenched variable that seriously militates
against the social inclusion of disabled people within Nigeria. This is manifested in a
number of ways. For one, at the national level, there is no disability discrimination
legislation that has been enacted within Nigeria, despite the fact that two bills have
been introduced into the National Assembly. Furthermore, there is no form of social
protection for disabled people in Nigeria which worsens the level of poverty that they
encounter. There are some international NGOs that do not supply services to
disabled, but their geographical coverage is limited. As a result, for the vast majority
of disabled people living in Nigeria, especially those living in rural areas, there is no
access to disability services whatsoever.
2.2 Women Facing Exploitation, Abuse & Violence
Violence against women is perhaps the most widespread and socially tolerated of
human rights violations, cutting across borders, race, class, ethnicity and religion.
The impact of gender-based violence is devastating. The individual women who are
victims of such violence usually experience life-long emotional stress, mental health
issues, and poor reproductive health.
Gender-based violence in Nigeria is a complex issue that has as its roots the
structural inequalities between men and women that result in the persistence of
power differentials between the sexes. Women’s subordinate status to men, coupled
with a general acceptance of interpersonal violence as a means of resolving conflict,

3
renders women disproportionately vulnerable to violence from all levels of society:
individual men, within the family and community, and by the state. For the purposes
of this study, the definition of violence and abuse against women is taken from
Article 1 of the UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women:
“Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical,
sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such
acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivations of liberty, whether occurring in public or
private life”.
The government has made some significant strides towards improving gender
equality in Nigeria with the adoption of the global instrument on the Convention of all
forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). However, challenges still remain
in improving the conditions and participation of women in Nigeria across the family,
community, state, and political levels. To address the socio-cultural and socio-
economic barriers that Nigerian women face, this baseline assessment will provide a
benchmark for the unique challenges –facing the five target groups identified- that
the VOICE program should focus on over the duration of the program if the long term
outcomes are to be achieved. This baseline assessment will also highlight a
proposed theory of change for the program; this theory of change will among other
things demonstrate the required capacity of CSOs addressing vulnerable groups.
Furthermore, this baseline assessment will provide information against which the
VOICE project will be measured to determine the degree to which long term
outcomes are or have been achieved, especially as it relates to improving the
economic inclusion and social inclusion of Nigerian women.
2.3 Age Discriminated Working Groups
Discrimination against the Elderly
Prior to contact with the West, older people had different privileges, which were
connected with their status. In fact, transition to the age-grade of elder in traditional
culture usually marks the pinnacle of the status or privileges, one of which was the
right to receive respects from the younger ones. Growing old in the past in African
society was quite different from what is obtainable in contemporary African society.
Traditionally, elder care was the responsibility of the family and was provided within
the framework of the extended family system at home. Nevertheless, changes in the
structure of African society resulting to the geographical dispersion of the extended
family system and the tendency for family members to be educated and work outside
the home affected older people.
The linkage of education with occupation and income has considerably decreased
the economic status and privileges of older people completely. With the emergence
of capitalism, the desire of most young Nigerians is to acquire wealth or secure
meaningful employment resulting in geographical dispersion. This has had a
negative implication on care for the elderly. This is made worse by the absence of

4
institutional care systems to cater for the needs of the elderly in the face of a rapidly
evolving African society. This is particularly the case in Nigeria where it is
increasingly becoming common for older people to be left alone as their children are
far and wide. State systems for care, such as pension and care homes, required to
lessen the burden of age are absent in Nigeria. Again, the labour market structure in
Nigeria is not favourable to the elderly. These factors, amongst others, contribute to
the social and economic exclusion of the elderly.
Discrimination against Young People
Young people in Nigeria face different challenges from the elderly. The youth
population in Nigeria is a vibrant force, one with the potential to bring about
sustainable and positive transformation of the country’s fortunes; however, this
potential is yet to be harnessed owing to the institutional exclusion of young people
from mainstream activities such as political governance. Young people can be broad
categorized into two groups namely: adolescents aged between 10-17; and young
adults aged between 18-35.1
For those aged between 18 and 35, they mainly face political and economic
exclusion. Regarding political exclusion, the structure of Nigeria’s political system is
largely patriarchal and hierarchical in nature thus making it difficult for young people
to participate. Both formal and informal engagement can be understood as political
participation, and both are beneficial for a vivid and resilient democracy and should
be supported. There is strong evidence that the participation of young people in
formal, institutional political processes is relatively low when compared to older
citizens across the globe. This challenges the representativeness of the political
system and leads to the disenfranchisement of young people. People under the age
of 35 are rarely found in formal political leadership positions in Nigeria. In Nigeria,
eligibility into political positions is 30 or higher however, this is not the case as the
average age of those in political positions is 50.2
The youths are not represented
adequately in formal political institutions and processes such as Parliaments, political
parties, elections, and public administrations. The situation is even more difficult for
both young women as well as women at mid-level and decision-making/leadership
positions.
Adolescents in Nigeria –especially girls- face a range of challenges, such as
exploitation, lack of access to sexual reproductive services, and limited say in
charting their development. Adolescents, including boys, do not have a say when it
comes to addressing the challenges of their age. The challenges facing adolescents
in Nigeria are closely connected. For instance, educational opportunities can only be
seized by healthy, well-nourished and attentive children. Lack of access to proper
1
WHO (2012) Adolescent development: a critical transition. Accessed from:
http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/adolescence/dev/en/
2
Ruhl, O. (2009) Nigeria’s youth: turning challenge into opportunity. Accessed from:
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NIGERIAEXTN/Resources/Nigerian-Youth-Paper-Onno-Ruhl.pdf

5
nutrition represents a challenge to the development. Another enduring challenge
facing adolescents in Nigeria is poverty and child labour. Very low standards of living
lead families to shed the burden of child rearing as soon as feasible, either by
promoting access to income-generating opportunities or through child marriage. Post
primary education, the most valuable tool for exiting poverty, is thus sidestepped in
favour of immediate hand-to-mouth survival decisions. As a result, high rates of
acute adolescent poverty and hard labour continue. Furthermore, there are low rates
of social protection and few opportunities for adolescent civic participation to
challenge these practices. This baseline assessment will shed more light on these
and other challenges that exclude adolescents from mainstream participation in
Nigerian society.
2.4 Discrimination against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex
(LGBTQI)
LGBTQI are one of the most discriminated segments of the population in Nigeria.
Essentially, the five dimensions of exclusion apply to this particular group. They live
in constant fear of persecution by the state and/or non-state actors because of the
person’s actual or perceived sexual orientation and/or gender identity. Same-sex
sexual relations between men are criminalised in federal law and for women under
Sharia law in 12 northern States. Additionally, the Same-Sex Marriage (Prohibition)
Act (2013) prohibits same-sex marriage, the ‘public show of same sex amorous
relationship[s]’ and the registration and operation of LGBT support groups. Other
LGBT persons, including bisexual and transgender persons, also form a particular
social group (PSG) as they share a common characteristic that cannot be changed
and have a distinct identity in Nigeria which is perceived as being different by the
surrounding society. In January 2014, President Goodluck Jonathan enacted the
Same-Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act 2013, which criminalizes same-sex marriage,
the ‘public show of same sex amorous relationship[s]’ and prohibits the registration
and operation for LGBT support groups.
Nigeria is a religiously and culturally conservative country where homophobic
attitudes – which is likely to include those who do not conform to gender norms, i.e.
transgender persons – are widely held. In a survey conducted in 2013, 98% of
Nigerians stated that they believe ‘homosexuality’ should not be accepted by society,
while state and media rhetoric is anti-LGBT.3
LGBT persons have experienced
societal discrimination and violence, including incidents of mob attacks, intimidation
and harassment, blackmail and extortion. Societal violence is likely to be
underreported. LGBT persons have also experienced loss of accommodation and
jobs, and been denied access to health services, with several sources reporting an
increase following the enactment of the Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act. Prior
to the passage of the Same Sex Marriage Prohibition Act, some LGBT persons from
3
UK Home Office (2015) Nigeria: sexual orientation and gender identity. London: Independent Chief Inspector
of Borders and Immigration

6
privileged backgrounds in the larger urban areas, in particular Lagos and Abuja,
reportedly enjoyed a degree of openness in expressing their sexuality and
acceptance from their family and friends. This degree of openness is increasingly
being threatened by this legislation, especially as the media and society, have
become more emboldened to engage in homophobic behaviours. Addressing the
needs of this particular group will be the most challenging for the VOICE project
however, the results of this baseline assessment will in addition to highlighting
baselines for improvement, demonstrate quick win areas for addressing the
exclusion that this particular group faces. To this end, a high degree of confidentially
will be maintained when collecting data from this particular group and this
information will equally be used to build the contextual analysis for this baseline
assessment as it relates to LGBTQI.
2.5 Discrimination against Ethnic Minorities
Nigeria is a multi-ethnic nation with cultural differences between its component
ethnic groups. From the north to the coast, the range in types of social system,
dress, diet and languages far exceeds that to be found elsewhere in the world. This
diversity has resulted into two major problems namely: problems arising between the
larger ethnic groups and the hostility that derives from competition between peoples
for wealth and power. Currently, identification is easier at both family and ethnic
levels. A consequence of this is that many of the citizens may never develop a
proper concept of nation. In all political activities in Nigeria, the factor of ethnicity is
reflected. It is particularly obvious in areas like voting, distribution of political offices,
employment and government general patronage of the citizens.
The issue of minority ethnic groups has been a part of political equations since the
inception of Nigeria as a country. Although Nigeria has an estimated 250 ethnic
groups spread across the six geopolitical regions, the major ones are: Hausa; Igbo;
and Yoruba. Significantly, however, issues bothering on minority questions in Nigeria
reinforces itself in the competition for space, scarce resources and fear of
domination by other larger groups in the socio-economic scheme of things. For a
better understanding of the political exclusion of minority groups, it is only
appropriate to discern on such discourses against the backdrop of the very many
centripetal forces within the Nigerian 170 million people.4
On the average, this figure
has been watered down to several other minority groups namely, Kanuris, Ibibio, Tiv,
Ijaw, Edo (Beni)s, Nupe, Urhobo, Ebira, Gwari, Alago, Ogoja, to mention but a few.
These groups one way or the other, have their interests to protect within the nation’s
political system. The result of the ensuing contestation and agitation is directly or
indirectly a force capable of making or unmaking the political process.
Ethnic minorities are not defined in absolute numbers but merely in reference to the
three dominant ethnic nationalities of Hausa/Fulani, Igbo and Yoruba. Those tagged
4
Cia.gov - World Factbook.

7
“minorities” are the categories of people that do not belong to these well-known
majorities. Minorities who are harboured in the Nigerian state have been largely
affected positively or negatively in the process of administration of government either
at the federal, state or local council levels. Issues bothering on state creation,
resource allocation and political representation tend to be calculated around minority
question. Smaller groups tend to be excluded from political and economic structures
in Nigeria. Even at the state level, there is a situation where smaller ethnicities are
dominated –usually in a unfair manner- by a super group denying them access to
resources and participation in high level decision-making. This situation is
responsible for the agitations in some parts of Nigeria, such as the ongoing
agitations in the Niger Delta. In considering minority ethnic groups in the baseline
assessment, indigenous groups will equally be considered in the target states.
Having presented a preliminary contextual analysis of the focal point for this study
(i.e. PWDs and Women facing violence and abuse), the next section presents an
overview of the study’s main objectives.
3. Objectives of Contextual Baseline Assessment
The objectives of the contextual baseline assessment for PWD and gender-based
violence are as follows:
i. To identify the main target groups and people for the VOICE program?
ii. To create a stakeholder mapping matrix of the environment for gender-based
violence and PWDs with a view to recommending appropriate stakeholder
engagement frameworks for the VOICE program.
iii. To critically analyse the policy environment for PWDs and gender-based
violence in Nigeria.
iv. To identify and critically analyse the underlying risks of intervening in the
PWD and gender-based violence space in Nigeria.
v. To provide a comprehensive map of existing interventions –ongoing projects
and programs- in the PWD and gender-based violence space in Nigeria.
4. Methodology
Firstly, the qualitative approach will be used to conduct this study. This study will
begin with a background literature review of all relevant documents regarding
disability issues and gender-based violence in Nigeria. This will include a review of
academic articles, reports produced by stakeholders or organizations active in the
PWDs and gender-based violence space, project progress reports produced by
donor agencies and implementing partners. In addition, information will be accessed
from UN Human Development Reports, reports produced by Civicus, and publicly
available data on gender-based violence, LGBTQI, age-discriminated groups, ethnic
minorities and people living with disability. This review will be used to build a
contextual analysis of the prevailing conditions –including peculiar challenges- of the
five target groups.

8
The desk review is critical to the completion of this study as results will inform the
design of the data collection instruments for this study, i.e. focus group guide and
guide for Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). In addition to identifying stakeholders (e.g.
CSOs, NGOs and other state actors) active in the space for the five target groups,
results from the desk review will be synthesised against findings from the focus
group sessions and KIIs. As noted earlier, the sample for the focus group sessions
and KIIs will mainly involve stakeholders who are active in the disability and PWD
space such as, CSOs and NGOs whose work is associated with the five target
groups for this baseline assessment, government officials in the federal and state
ministries of Women Affairs & Social Development (FMWASD), government officials
in the National Human Rights Commission, and Implementing partners of donor-
funded programs (see Annex A for preliminary list of stakeholders). Feedback from
the KIIs and focus group sessions will be analysed using thematic analysis and
critical discourse analysis (CDA).
Given that the VOICE project will be implemented in different states across Nigeria,
data collection will involve 2 states from each of the 6 geopolitical regions. In total,
12 states will form the geographical scope for collecting data for this baseline
assessment. As this is a qualitative study, data will be collected using KIIs and focus
group discussions (FGDs). However, any quantitative information accessed during
this baseline assessment will be added as an appendix to the final baseline
assessment report. For the stakeholder dissemination workshop to be conducted
upon completion of this study, participants will be drawn from the respondents for the
KIIs and FGDs, and any other stakeholder identified during the assessment.
One of the key deliverables of this research involves the identification of
performance and process indicators for the implementation of the VOICE project.
This will be achieved using the log-frame instrument. In addition, a stakeholder
power matrix will be developed for the five target groups identified for this baseline
assessment.
5. Expected Deliverables
This section outlines the expected deliverables of this study. The expected
deliverables are as follows:
 Deliverable 1: Detailed planning and budget for context analysis including
travel and a (preliminary) list of organisations, places and persons to be
interviewed and/or to participate in focus groups discussions and other
activities.
 Deliverable 2: Draft context analysis report- to be submitted for validation
during the planned validation workshop
 Deliverable 3: Full report and draft context analysis summary to be included
in the global Voice context analysis. This also should include a
comprehensive list of individuals, organizations and institutions that can be

9
engaged as part of the project Community of Stakeholders and Community of
Practice detailed as an Annex in the report.
6. Framework for the Baseline Assessment
This section outlines the framework that will be used to conduct the baseline
assessment for the VOICE project. This framework is indicative of the requirements
and processes for fulfilling all the expected deliverables for the assessment.
i. Desk Review:- review of background literature on the prevailing conditions
of the five target groups. The review will involve a situational and
contextual analysis of each group. This situational and contextual analysis
will entail the following: defining the characteristics of each target group;
identifying their challenges; determining how they cope with the challenges
identified; the nature of their interaction with state structures; and the
policy environment influencing the conditions of these groups. The desk
review will equally identify the states across the 6 geopolitical regions
where these groups face the most exclusion and these states should form
focal states for implementation of the voice project. Furthermore, the
results of the desk review should build on the list of active NGOs and
CSOs active in the space of the five target groups. Information for the desk
review would be obtained from the following sources: documents obtained
from Oxfam; UN Human Development Reports; Civicus reports;
publications by donor agencies and implementing partners etc.
ii. Government Engagement:- Information on key actors and the policy
environment governing the five target groups will be obtained from the
following government MDAs: FMWASD (including SMWASD at the state
level); National Human Rights Commission; National and State
assemblies; and NAPTIP.
iii. Build a List of Respondents for the KIIs & FGDs:- results from the desk
review and preliminary conversations with some key players in the space
of the five target groups are used to build a list of respondents spread
across the 12 target states for the FGDs and KIIs. The anticipated duration
for collecting the primary data (i.e. KIIs and FGDS) is 12 days. Two FGDs
will hold in Lagos and Abuja. The FGDs will focus on issues affecting two
of the five: (1) women facing exploitation, discrimination and abuse; and
(2) indigenous & ethnic minorities. The decision to not include LGBTQI for
the FGDs is in line with the need to maintain the confidentiality of people in
this group and sensitivity of sexual orientation issues in Nigeria. To this
end, KIIs will be held with people who belong to this category in addition to
On the other hand, a minimum of 20 KIIs would be conducted across the
target states covered by this baseline assessment.
iv. Analysis & Report: the analysis will be conducted on two levels namely:
the analysis of the primary data (i.e. KIIs & FGDs) and the analysis of the
secondary data (i.e. review of documentations provided by Oxfam and

10
other online publications). The feedback from the KIIs and FGDs would be
analysed using content analysis and thematic analysis. The secondary
data, on the other hand, would be analysed using Critical Discourse
Analysis (CDA). Following analysis, a draft comprehensive report
presenting the findings of the assessment will be prepared. This draft will
be reviewed by Oxfam, particularly the VOICE project implementation
team, before a final copy is prepared addressing any feedback to the draft.
v. Stakeholder Dissemination Workshop: following the finalization of the
report, a two-day dissemination workshop will be organized to present and
discuss the findings of the report. Participants for this workshop will be
drawn from respondents and organizations who participated in this study.
Feedback from the workshop will also be used to adjust the report in a
manner that supports the ongoing design and subsequent implementation
of the VOICE project.
Figure 1: Baseline Assessment Framework
Desk Review
Government
Engagement
Build a list of
respondents for the KIIs
& FGDs
Analysis & Report
Review/Edit draft Report
& Produce Final Report
Stakeholder
Dissemination
Workshop
Log-Frame Matrix:
Indicative performance
Indicators for the VOICE
project

11
Annex A: Implementation Plan for Contextual Baseline Assessment for ‘VOICE’ Program
s/
n
Activities September 2016
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4
1
M
2
T
3
W
4
T
5
F
6
S
7
S
8
M
9
T
10
W
11
T
12
F
13
S
14
S
15
M
16
T
17
W
18
T
19
F
20
S
21
S
22
M
23
T
24
W
25
T
26
F
27
S
28
S
29
M
30
T
1 Mapping of organizations/stakeholders in the PWD
and ‘violence against women’ space
2 Desk review/Situational analysis of literature on
violence against women and disability issues in
Nigeria.
3 Design structure of the report and data collection
reports
4 Identify the 12 target states for the baseline
assessment
5 Map participants for the KIIs and FGDs
6 Invite/contact participants for the KIIs
7 Initiate contact for FGDs & organize modalities for
the FGDSs
8 Conduct Abuja focus group session
9 Organize notes from Abuja focus group session
10 Contact KII participants in Abuja
11 Conduct KIIs in Abuja
12 Contact participants for KIIs & FGDs in 11states
13 Contact participants for KIIs & FGDs in 11 states
14 Organize travel plan/itinerary to the 11 states
15 Travel to Lagos (one of the 12 target states)
16 Conduct KIIs
17 Travel to State 3
18 Conduct KIIs in state 3

12
*Note: the KIIs and focus group sessions will hold in Abuja and Lagos (see below information on location on stakeholders for baseline assessment). There
are cases where telephone interviews will be used, especially when certain respondents for the KIIs cannot be reached in person.
i. Sample for the Key Informant Interviews (KIIs)
The sample for the KIIs will mainly consist of organizations and stakeholders active in the PWD & women exploitation space in Nigeria. In
interviewing these stakeholders, the consultant will equally seek to ascertain the nature of existing interventions in this space including project
development objectives, funding commitment, and geographical scope of intervention. The stakeholders suggested here are not exhaustive but
are only indicative of the nature of respondents for this assessment. Some of the key stakeholders that will be interviewed for this contextual
baseline assessment are as follows:
 UNFPA (Location: Abuja)
 Un Women (Location: Abuja)
s/n Activities October 2016
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4
3
M
4
T
5
W
6
T
7
F
8
S
9
S
10
M
11
T
12
W
13
T
14
F
15
S
16
S
17
M
18
T
19
W
20
T
21
F
22
S
23
S
24
M
25
T
26
W
27
T
28
F
29
S
30
S
31
M
20 Conduct FGD in State 3
22 Conduct KIIs in State 4
28 Conduct KIIS in State 9
32 Return to Abuja
33 Drafting of Report
34 Submission of Report
35 Review of Report
36 Editing of draft/finalization of report
37 Organize stakeholder dissemination workshop

13
 UNOCHA, i.e. this organization is included because of the need to understand the degree to which PWDs are considered in its
humanitarian intervention efforts in the North East, especially those in IDP camps (Location: Abuja).
 NEMA, i.e. same as conditions for including UNOCHA (Location: Abuja).
 Cleen Foundation (Location: Abuja).
 Groups dealing with LGBTQI issues and LGBTQI people.
 Associations of ethnic minorities.
 Ford Foundation (Location: Lagos State).
 Committee on the Victim Support Fund (Location: Abuja).
 Widows and Orphans Empowerment Organization (Location: Abuja).
 Federal Ministry of Women Affairs & Social Development (Location: Abuja).
 ActionAid Nigeria (Location: Lagos State).
 Joint National Association of Persons with Disabilities (Location: Abuja).
 National Human Rights Commission (Location: Abuja).
 Coalition for Change (Location: Abuja).
 Christian Blind Mission (Location: Abuja).
 DFID Nigeria (location: Abuja).

14
Annex B: Indicative Budget for Contextual Baseline Assessment
s/n Items Unit (Price)
NGN
Unit
(Days)
Unit
(Quantity)
Total (NGN) Aggregate Total
(NGN)
1 Personnel Cost:
Consultancy Fees 50,000 40 1 2,000,000
Support staff for focus group sessions 10,000 15 3 450,000
Total Personnel Cost N2,450,000 N2,450,000
2 Logistics:
Transportation within Abuja 8,000 4 1 32,000
Airfare to Lagos (Return) 40,000 1 1 40,000
Transportation within Lagos 12,000 3 1 36,000
Transportation/travel to & within the 10 states 350,000 1 1 350,000
Total Logistics Cost N458,000 N458,000
3 Stationery/Printing Costs:
Printing of documents for desk review 35,000 1 1 35,000
Printing/binding of final baseline assessment report 35,000 1 1 35,000
Total Printing Cost N70,000 N70,000
4 Communication Costs:
Internet 30,000 1 1 30,000
Telephone 20,000 1 1 20,000
Total Communication Costs N50,000 N50,000
5 Focus Group Costs:
Abuja Focus Group (Focus Group 1):
Coffee/tea break for participants 2,000 1 12 24,000
Lunch for participants 5,000 1 12 60,000
Hire of projector 15,000 1 1 15,000
Hire of microphone/speakers 10,000 1 1 10,000
Hall/Venue 150,000 1 1 150,000
Cost of Abuja Focus Group Session N259,000
Focus Group 2:
Coffee/tea break for participants 2,500 1 12 30,000
Lunch for participants 6,000 1 12 72,000
Hire of projector 15,000 1 1 15,000
Hire of microphone/speakers 10,000 1 1 10,000
Hall/Venue 150,000 1 1 150,000
Cost of Lagos Focus Group Session N277,000
Total Cost of Organizing Focus Group Sessions N536,000 N536,000

15
Total Cost of Contextual Baseline Assessment for the VOICE program N3,564,000
*Note: The support staffs are needed for the following: administrative support for the FGDs; note taking and transcription during KIIs and FGDs; support in
contacting participants for the KIIs & FGDs etc.

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