mental health , characteristic of mentally healthy person .pptx
Dr Ehiemere - Chanelling Public Health Nursing Education
1. CHANNELLING PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING EDUCATION
TOWARDS IMPROVING PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE SERVICES
IN NIGERIA.
A PAPER PRESENTED AT ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE/AGM OF
PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING OFFICERS
OF NIGERIA, ABUJA CHAPTER
BY
DR (MRS) IJEOMA O. EHIEMERE (FWACN)
DEPARTMENT OF NURSING SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, ENUGU CAMPUS.
AT
INTERNATIONAL WOMEN DEVELOPMENT CENTRE, ABUJA
ON
OCTOBER, 2015
2. Most governments, in recent times recognize the contribution of public
health programmes in reducing the incidence of disease disability, injury
and aging effects. Such programmes include vaccination, good nutrition,
food safety, physical exercise, stress control/management and prenatal
care. Others are health education and health counseling. All these have
made incredible strides in promoting and maintaining health as well as
preventing disease.
Terrible infection such as small pox which plagued humanity for
thousands of years resulting in mass deaths of populations has been
eradicated while poliomyelitis with its high morbidity has also become
history in most countries including Nigeria. All these achievements could
not have been recorded without reference to the contributions of public
health nursing and the practitioners.
Nevertheless, just like all life phenomenon new health challenges are
evolving with alarming speed and fatality, while some that were hither to
regarded as controlled are re-emerging.
INTRODUCTION
3. This then underscores the need for regular review and revision of
public health nursing education curriculum to meet the changing
needs of the students, the society and the new health challenges.
Education empowers people to be useful to themselves and to
the society.
Hence Public Health Nursing Education (PHNE) based on sound
curriculum with appropriate philosophy and covering the cognitive
psychomotor and affective domains of behavioral objectives is needed
Products from such programmes will have the confidence needed
to provide efficient and effective preventive health care services
to populations in their homes, market squares, schools, industries
and communities. These cadre of graduates will also make the
desired change based on global best practices in this era of
change in governance thereby flowing with the philosophy of the
government of the day.
INTRODUCTION CONTD.
4. define the key
words in the
topic
discuss the
way forward
review briefly
history of
PHNE
OBJECTIVE
The objectives of the
paper therefore, are to:
6. 1.b. PHNE is concerned with educating various segments of the population
providing them with information that promote healthy living. The objective
of this aspect of PHNE is to emphasizes the importance of information about
health promotion activities in the priority areas of unintentional injury,
violence; suicide; tobacco use and addiction, alcohol or other drug use,
unintentional pregnancy, HIV/AIDS and STD infection, unhealthy dietary
patterns and inadequate physical activity.
Definitions Contd.
2. Preventive Health Care Services (PHCS) is anchored in the ability of public
health nursing practitioners to identify and understand the factors and
mechanism of disease, disability and injury so that effective interventions
can be implemented to prevent the occurrence of these adverse processes
before they start or before they progress. The anchoring frame work is the
levels of prevention especially primary and secondary levels.
Primary prevention refers to interventions aimed at preventing the
occurrences of disease, injury or disability.
7. Intervention at this level include broad efforts such as
(a)
Health
promotion
(b)
Environmental
protection
and
(c)
Specific
protection
a. Health promotion
Nutrition education and counseling
Promotion of physical activity
b. Environmental protection
basic sanitation, food safety,
home & workplace safety, air quality control
8. (c) Specific protection against
(i) Disease - immunization of specific disease, preconception folic acid
supplementation to prevent neural tube defects, fluoridation of water
supplies to prevent dental caries and action taken to reduce human
exposure to agents that may cause cancer.
(ii) Injury – proper use of car seat belts infants’ car seats, wearing of crash
helmets by motorbike operators and oil workers.
Channelling, according to Websters Dictionary is guiding something in a
certain course, structuring and directing through a certain course. In the
context of this paper channeling PHNE refers to guiding or structuring the
curriculum to produce the right caliber of public health nursing officers
who are properly equipped to provide excellent, efficient and effective
preventive health care services to the populace.
Secondary prevention is basically concerned with preventing the
spread of a disease condition that has occurred or developed. i.e
halting its spread of a disease condition that has occurred or
developed.
9. Briefly Historical Review of Public Health Nursing
Education
In the United States (US) during the late 1950s and early 1960s, special
baccalaureate curricula were established in several schools of public health
nursing to prepare nurses to become public health nurses. From the late 1960s
public health nursing leaders agreed that a specialty in public health nursing
requires a master’s degree. Today a master’s degree in nursing is necessary to
be eligible to sit for certification examination as public health specialist, even
though it is assumed that a graduate of any baccalaureate nursing programme
has necessary basic preparation to function as a beginning staff public health
nurse. In the future, according to America Association of Colleges of Nursing,
Doctor of Nursing practice (DNP) has been proposed to be probably the
requirement to sit for certification examination as public health nurse specialist
or Advanced Practice Nurse.
These different levels of preparation of public health nurses equip each
category with levels of competencies and skills needed to provide sophisticated
care with increasing complexities in preventive health care services.
10. In Nigeria PHNE started with schools of hygiene prominent among which is the
school of Hygiene Eleiyele Ibadan established in 1933. Establishment of this school
commenced the genesis of a determined effort to formally impart knowledge, skills
and attitude that are unique to the field of Public Health Nursing Education
Certificates were awarded to the graduands at the end of the training programme.
Gradually, this programme transited from certificate awarding institutions to mono
technics that now award Higher National Diploma (HND) thus bringing PHNE into
the National Tertiary Education System of Nigeria under the National Board for
Technical Education (NBTE). A good achievement!
This transition led to the development of a more robust curriculum rich in content,
process and structure. This is commendable. The products of this programme are
proving their worth in many preventive health care service settings, be it in the
Public Health Nursing Educational Institutions or practice areas, especially in
Primary Health Care (PHC) scheme, at the community levels.
Ph.D
M.Sc
BSC & HND
For example, this figure tells the
story
11. It is worthy to note here, that though the transition of PHNE from
schools of Public Health Nursing to Monotechnics under NBTE is
not a mean feat given the challenges encountered in the process.
Yet it is not time to rest on our oars! Developed countries like the
US, UK are still moving a head, introducing innovations in Public
Health Nursing Education, Africa and indeed Nigeria cannot afford
to “stand still”.
There is still much room for improvement in the education of the
next generation of public health nurse practitioners to enable them
meet the ever changing preventive health needs and challenges
facing the family, community and the society at large. The question
now is what next? The way forward?
Briefly Historical Review of Public Health Nursing Education
Contd.
12. Heads of Monotechnics to aspire to obtain higher degrees in Nursing
–M.Sc and Ph.D.
Encouraged to prepare and present position papers on the structure,
content and process of the HND curriculum to WAHEB which is the
regulatory body for the education and practice of public health
nursing officers in Nigeria and indeed West Africa.
With the position papers, the Board will be able to dialogue with
NUC to provide structure in the Departments of Nursing Science in
the Universities, in Nigeria for the holders of HND with the
appropriate level of pass to be admitted to pursue masters degree in
public/community health nursing as obtains in some other
professions.
The Way Forward
13. Another action that will motivate public health nursing officers to give
their best in providing preventive health care services to populations is
placing them in leadership positions within PHC scheme in all local
government areas across the country.
Heads of department ,coordinators of programme, officers in charge of
PHC facilities especially those that provide maternal and child health
services. Why?
Team work among all stake holders in nursing profession will enhance the
quality of preventive health care services to the people. Each specialty
contributing her quota will help to bulid up a formidable nursing
workforce that will provide excellent health services to humanity, be it
preventive or curative, nationally and internationally. This will give us a
voice!
Regular review and revision of public health Nursing officers curriculum
to meet the ever changing learning needs of students and health needs
of the society. Every five years a curriculum is expected to be reviewed.
Attendance to international conferences to up date knowledge, skill and
attitude, and then stepping the information down for the benefit of those
who could not attend.
The Way Forward Contd.
14. Education factually
empowers people to be
useful to themselves
and to the society. It
instills in people, the
academic excellence
and moral uprightness
which constitute those
essential things that an
adult needs to know
and understand in
order to be productive
member of the society.
Improved health of the
people will produce
economically
productive populations
with enhanced quality
of life. With enhanced
quality of life, there
will be peace and
harmony in all
ramifications. Peaceful
environment promotes
speedy development.
Conclusion
15. Effective public
health nursing
education will
bring about
changes in the
practitioners as
well as in families,
communities and
the society. When
such changes
occur, learning is
said to have taken
place.
These changes will
then manifest in the
life style, nutrition,
food safety,
sanitation, stress
control/managemen
t and pre-natal care
among the
populations.
With this educational
empowerment the
practitioners will
provide the quality of
care that recipient will
express satisfaction.
The PHNE is already on
this sound pathway
and with
determination and
hard work, it is sure to
evolve progressively
into the bright and
colourful future we all
desire.
Conclusion Contd.
