Stockton Deliverable 2: Final Research (Appendix)

Political Factors
Stockton is governed primarily by the city government, which is led by the City Council. It consists of the mayor and six
councilmembers, all of which have four-year terms. There is a maximum of two terms as mayor or councilmember. Councilmembers
are nominated by six districts across Stockton and elected by the city at-large. The city government establishes city policies, ordinances,
contracts and agreements; it approves the city’s annual budget and appoints four positions: the city manager, the city attorney, the city
auditor and the city clerk.1
Since Stockton is a charter city and thus enjoys wider autonomy, it is not bound by California state law on
how to conduct city elections, the form of government, public contracts. Zoning ordinances are also not required to be consistent with
the county’s general plan unless the city has adopted a consistency requirement by charter or by ordinance.2
Stockton is the seat of San Joaquin County. It is a general law county, which encompasses six other cities as well as Stockton. The
county’s governing body is the Board of Supervisors. It is composed of five supervisors, representing five districts. Stockton is divided
into three of these districts: District 1 covers North Stockton, District 2 covers South Stockton, while some western outskirts of Stockton
fall under District 3, which also covers the cities of Lathrop and Manteca.3
Supervisors are elected and serve three-year terms.4
The
county serves as the local government for areas outside of city limits, whereas within Stockton, its powers are limited. Thus spatial
planning, public safety, animal control, parks, public works and other fields fall under city jurisdiction.
Factor Description Situation in Stockton Opportunity Threat
Bankruptcy Effect on governance and
policy
Bankruptcy has had an effect on
Stockton. Fiscal sustainability is
now on the city government’s
strategic plan. Bankruptcy judge
and debtors are stakeholders in
the political process5
The bankruptcy and more
scrutiny could result in better
management of the city’s
finances
More stakeholders in the
process can delay procedures
and complicate decision
making
1 City of Stockton (2014). City Council. Retrieved November 5, 2014, from http://stocktongov.com/government/council/default.html
2 League of California Cities (n.d.). General Law City v. Charter City. Retrieved November 8, 2014, from
http://www.cacities.org/Resources-Documents/Resources-Section/Charter-Cities/Chart_General_Law_v-_Charter_Cities-07-26-11
3 San Joaquin County (n.d.). San Joaquin County Supervisoral district map. Retrieved November 8, 2014, from
http://www.sjgov.org/uploadedFiles/SJC/Departments/board/AlldistrictNew100dpi.pdf
4 San Joaquin County (2014). Board of Supervisors. Retrieved November 8, 2014, from http://sjgov.org/board/
5 Bathon, M. et al. (2014, October 30). Stockton’s Pension-Protecting Bankruptcy Plan Approved. Bloomberg. Retrieved November 10, 2014 from
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-10-30/stockton-california-wins-court-approval-of-bankruptcy.html

City
government
Possible changes in policy
through elections
Next elections for mayor and
Districts 2, 4 and 6
councilmembers will be held in
20166
The elections could result in
continuing and/or increasing
revitalization activity
The new city council could
face more difficulty in agreeing
on necessary measures
Cooperation with private
sector
Ability to provide land to
business at little or no cost
endangered by bankruptcy,
privatizing services may not be
in the long-term interest of the
city.7
The city has designated
the Economic Development
Plan as one of its priority
goals.8
Government shows willingness
to cooperate with the private
sector, which is positive for
Stockton’s redevelopment.
Further limits imposed by
changes in state legislation or
by bankruptcy procedure could
negatively affect the city’s
ability to attract business.
Furthermore, the city’s
financial situation could make
retaining public services
difficult in the future
County
government
Change in city-county
relationship
Next elections for county
supervisors in 2016
There is a possibility of
increased and better
cooperation between the city
and county
Cooperation could stall
Relationship
with state and
federal
government
Changes in state policy Governor Brown intends to
transfer more power to local
authorities, especially in
education and criminal justice9
More autonomy from state
government to better address
the specific needs of Stockton
Potentially more costs for city
budget
Encroachment on local
matters
The city has commented that
there seems to be an increasing
amount of encroachment by
state and federal governments
on local matters10
A predefined framework could
mean more streamlined
decision-making
Loss of autonomy, decreased
ability to serve the interests of
the people of Stockton
6 City of Stockton (2014). Candidate Index, Office of the City Clerk. Retrieved December 15, 2014, from
http://stocktongov.com/government/departments/clerk/canIndex.html
7 Stagnaro, D. (2014). Request for information from Deliverable 1.
8 City of Stockton (2014). City Council Goals. Retrieved November 4, 2014, from http://stocktongov.com/government/council/default.html
9 Mehta, S., Finnegan, M. (2014, October 19). An experienced Jerry Brown vows to build on what he's already done. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December
10, 2014, from http://www.latimes.com/local/politics/la-me-pol-jerry-brown-20141019-story.html
10 Stagnaro, D. (2014). Request for information from Deliverable 1.

Non-
governmental
organizations
Influence on decision-
making
The city has active NGOs,
which are working in various
fields. One such example is the
Reinvent South Stockton
Campaign, which is working
towards improving education,
economic development,
housing, healthcare and
reducing crime
Better engagement with the
community, more relevant and
useful solutions to problems
faced by various
subpopulations of Stockton
NGOs working towards their
goals and focusing the city’s
attention to certain issues could
mean neglecting other issues
which may be as important but
underrepresented

Economic Factors
Factor Description Figure(s) for Stockton
Average figure(s)/
situation
Opportunity Threat Comment Source
Income
Median
household
income
42114 60190
Decrease
unemployment and
increase median
income through
introduction of new
industries.
Traditionally lower
wage industries
needed to decrease
unemployment
among population
with lower
education. Higher
wage industries
needed to increase
the median income
and quality of life.
/
5 year estimate (2008-2013)
United States
Census Bureau
- American
Community
Survey (ACS)
Mean
household
income
58566 85707 5 year estimate (2008-2013)
United States
Census Bureau
- American
Community
Survey (ACS)
Average
household net
worth
450620 685979
United States
Census Bureau
- American
Community
Survey (ACS)
Median
income
Median income in the
bracket of up to 25 years of
age is quite similar for
Stockton and California,
with a difference of only
$1,800 or 5.5%. The gap
increases in the 25-44 year
old bracket where California
is ahead by more than
$9,500 or 21%. The
difference in the 45-64 year
old bracket is higher again,
at over $15,000 or 26%. In
the over-65 year old bracket
the difference is over
$12.000 or 28%. The
statistics show the income
gap is larger between the
older workforce than
between the younger
workforce. Part of this
disparity can be explained
by difference in
unemployment rate.
Significant explanatory
Point 2 Homes
demographic
database
32438
44164
57794
43880
34240
53740
73055
56160
1802
9576
15261
12280
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
under 25 25-44 45-64 over 65
Stockton
California
Differenc
e

power is attributed to the
industry breakdowns of
Stockton and California.
Specifically, the relative
number of the population
employed in traditionally
better paid industries such as
finance and management.
Living
income for a
2 adults + 1
child
household
37718 43269
The average household in
Stockton has 3.09 members
while the average household
in California has 2.9
members. The living wage
yearly income for a
household of 2 adults and 1
child is thus an acceptable
(but far from perfect) proxy
for total household
expenditures.
MIT living
wage calculator
Percent
increase in
income since
2000
30% 30%
While the increase in
nominal income in Stockton
and in the State of California
as a whole from the
beginning of the millennium
until 2013 is comparable,
income growth in Stockton
has tapered off relative to
California for the period
2010-2013.
Point 2 Homes
demographic
database
Percent
increase in
income since
2010
5% 7%
Point 2 Homes
demographic
database

Industry
Industry
breakdown
per
population
employed
Potential increase
in the
manufacturing
sector.
High relative part
of services in
industry
breakdown,
demand for
which tends to be
more volatile
dependent on the
state of the
economy.
Civilian employed
population 16 and over. A
large part of the population
in Stockton, 24.6%, is
employed in the Educational
services, and health care and
social assistance sector. This
exceeds the California
average of 21%. Not
surprisingly, the percentage
of the population involved in
Agriculture is significantly
higher in Stockton, 4%, than
in California on average,
2.3%, due to highly fertile
land near Stockton. On the
other hand, the
manufacturing sector in
Stockton, 8.7%, is below the
California average of 10%.
United States
Census Bureau
- American
Community
Survey (ACS)
3,94%
5,34%
8,74%
4,17%
12,49%
6,30%
1,57%
5,49%
8,15%
24,60%
8,32%
4,91%
5,98%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing, and utilities
Information
Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing
Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste
management services
Educational services, and health care and social assistance
Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services
Other services, except public administration
Public administration
2,33%
5,99%
9,98%
3,16%
11,12
%
4,65%
2,83%
6,42%
12,62
%
21,02
%
9,79%
5,37%
4,71%

Jobs and
employm
ent
Class of
worker
Incentives for
entrepreneurs.
Sparse funding.
Potential
economic
downturn can
wipe out
establishing
businesses - high
risk involved.
Non-conducive
business
environment.
Higher relative number of
Government workers and
lower relative number of
self-employed entrepreneurs
in Stockton.
Point 2 Homes
demographic
database
Unemploym
ent rate
10.6% 7.3%
Work
migratio
n
Breakdown
of work
commute
105,605 people commute daily to
their place of employment. The
vast majority, 75%, use their
vehicle and drive alone. 16%
carpool and only 1.64% use
public transport, which is less
than the number of people who
walk to work, 2%.
Rethinking public
transport to make it
a more acceptable
alternative to
driving. Provide
incentives for
carpooling.
Urban sprawl.
According to locals, public
transport is deemed unsafe
in Stockton and is thus
avoided. Using public
transport also signifies a
certain stigma; other means
of transport imply a degree
of wealth.
United States
Census Bureau
- American
Community
Survey (ACS)
Consume
r
spending
Sales tax rate 9.00% 7.50%
Higher sales tax
will bring in more
tax revenue. Further
data needed to
confirm elasticities.
An increase of
the sales tax
beyond a certain
rate will result in
Local government can
introduce an increase in
sales tax in area of
jurisdiction. Breakdown:
California State: 7.5%, San
California State
Board of
Equalization
77,00
%
16,80
%
6,10% 0,10%
Private wage and
salary workers
Government
workers
Self-employed in
own not
incorporated
business workers
Unpaid family
workers
77,
00
%
14,
40
%
8,4
0%
0,2
0%
74,7
8%
16,3
2%
1,41
%
1,64
%
2,01
%
3,84
%
Car, truck, or van -- drove
alone
Car, truck, or van -- carpooled
Public transportation
(excluding taxicab)
Walked
Other means
Worked at home

lower net tax
revenue.
Joaquin County: 0.5%,
Stockton: 1%.
Average
household
consumer
spending:
Stockton as
per cent of
California
Consumer spending in
Stockton is lower than the
California average due to
lower income. However, as
is evident from the graph,
demand for certain goods is
more inelastic than others;
namely demand for tobacco
products appears to be
highly inelastic as it is 92%
that of the California
average while the median
household income 5 year
estimate is 70% of the
California average. Other
highly inelastic products
include utilities, health care,
food and clothing. It should
be noted that demand for all
products accounted for in
the graph is technically
inelastic as consumption is
over 70% of California
average.
Point 2 Homes
demographic
database
75,00%
77,00%
79,00%
81,00%
83,00%
85,00%
87,00%
89,00%
91,00%
93,00%
95,00%

Note: all economic data for 2013 unless otherwise noted.
Bankrupt
cy
Bankruptcy
filings index,
base = 2004
Waiting on data from city.
Stabilizing
economic
environment
conducive for
business.
The chart represents the
number of bankruptcy
filings in Eastern California
(State values were not found
to be available at the time of
preparation of this
document) from 2004 until
2013 in the form of an index
with the base year of 2004.
A clear rising trend can be
seen from year 2006
onwards, peaking in 2010 of
almost 900% the base value
as the aftermath of the
recession. After 2010, we
see a decline in bankruptcies
reported as conditions begin
to stabilize.
US Bankruptcy
Court, Eastern
District of
California
0%
100%
200%
300%
400%
500%
600%
700%
800%
900%
1000%

Social / Cultural Factors
Factor Description Situation in Stockton Opportunity Threat Comment
Demographics
Population /
Gender
/
/ Equal presence of the
population of both
genders.
Race Cultural and
experience sharing
Possible tension
and bigotry
Diversity of races and
cultures; The biggest %
of population is Hispanic
or Latino people. The
smallest % are Native
Hawaiian.

Live Births Improve the
quality of care
provided to
mothers and
newborns
Aging of the
population
The lower rates are most
likely associated with
fewer women having
babies because of the
poor economy
Age
People Quick Facts Stockton California
Persons under 5 years, percent,
2010
8,4% 6,8%
Persons under 18 years,
percent, 2010
29.9% 25.0%
Persons 65 years and over,
percent, 2010
10.0% 11.4%
Female persons, percent, 2010 51.0% 50.3%
Possibility for
creating educated
and skilled
workforce for
future; Work with
youth, prepare
different types of
interesting
programs for them
and give them
many
opportunities.
Insufficient
attention paid to
the education of
youth due to the
economic
situation;
problems for
future as well.
Younger population than
California average.

Language Language spoken
as first language
Stockton U.S.
Opportunity for
introducing
languages in
schools and
creating
multilingual
society
In case
minorities are
not willing to
learn or speak
English, space
for tensions is
open
Significant presence of
native Spanish speakers
Education Education level
Population older than 25 169653
Less than high school 44665
High school graduates 39333
Some college or associate's degree 55887
Bachelor's degree of higher 29768
Employ people in
adequate positions
(variety of profiles
and level of
education
available on the
labor market)
Unemployment Expenditures on
education are
significantly lower than
the country ones;
Stockton has bigger % of
people with Grade
School education, but
smaller % of them with
College, Master,
Professional and
Doctorate Degree than
US average.
Education expenses Opportunity for
strong
improvement and
development of
paths for formal
and informal
education.
Due to the
economic
situation, low
expenditures on
education may
lead to a lot of
people low-
skilled labor in
the future.

Religion
Building stronger
experience and
knowledge
sharing across
generations, races
and religions.
Bigotry (though
unlikely)
Variety of religions; on
average, more religious
that US citizens (in some
extent result of crisis)
Economic
status
Source of income
Promotion of self-
employment and
investment
opportunities in
the city
development.
Dependency and
lack of initiative
to contribute to
the changes.
Almost 30% of the
people receive some sort
of social help.
Household No of people per
household
People QuickFacts Stockton California
Households, 2008-2012 90,469 12,466,331
Persons per household, 2008-
2012
3.17 2.93
Create a safer
place to live for
families with
children
Faced with bad
conditions in
community,
people may
decide to
postpone having
children or give
up the idea
Number of person per
household is bigger than
in CA (families with
kids).

Occupations Prequalification of
underqualified
workers
Lack of
incentive for
higher education
(as many of the
people are
forced to work
on places for
which they are
overqualified
due to the crisis
and high rate of
unemployment)
Most of the males work
on low-skilled jobs
(agricultural, production
workers, truck drivers,
etc.) and females on
work higher-skilled jobs
(administrative
assistants, managers,
etc.). More males work
in agricultural,
production, building in
Stockton than in the CA,
that is good for future
development of the city
and production growth
rate.
Business facts Number of firms
Business QuickFacts Stockton California
Total number of firms, 2007 16,488 3,425,510
Black-owned firms, percent, 2007 9.6% 4.0%
American Indian- and Alaska
Native-owned firms, percent, 2007
S 1.3%
Huge potential
and
entrepreneurial
spirit in women;
incentivize it
Overburden
SMEs with
taxes and
bureaucracy (in
order to
overcome
shortage in
budget)
Total number of firms in
2007 is about 16.500
firms. Over third of firm
owners are female and
that's higher % than in
CA.

Asian-owned firms, percent, 2007 S 14.9%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific
Islander-owned firms, percent,
2007
S 0.3%
Hispanic-owned firms, percent,
2007
19.8% 16.5%
Women-owned firms, percent,
2007
34.6% 30.3%
Sales
Business QuickFacts Stockton California
Manufacturers shipments, 2007
($1000)
2,506,558 491,372,092
Merchant wholesaler sales,
2007 ($1000)
3,701,777 598,456,486
Retail sales, 2007 ($1000) 3,340,068 455,032,270
Retail sales per capita, 2007 $11,739 $12,561
Accommodation and food
services sales, 2007 ($1000)
343,526 80,852,787
Increase
purchasing power
Producing is
important as
well; being
consumer
society is a
threat for the
development
and progress
City sales is only small
part of whole CA sales
(less than 1%). That is
the reason retail sales per
capita is smaller than CA
average.

Family Families with kids Community
activities (not
necessarily
financial in
nature) to support
those families and
create a feeling of
belonging and
inclusion
Potential bigger
need for social
assistance.
Over 33% of families in
Stockton are one-parent
families. The average
household size was 3.04
and the average family
size was 3.59.
Marital status Establishing place
for gathering; high
rates of single
people might
indicate the need
for organizing the
activities within
community that
would enable
them to make
stronger
relationships with
each other.
Big % of alone
people could
cause negative
population
growth in the
future.
Over 40% of males and
over 30% of females are
alone, that can at certain
point be a big problem.
And % of married is
about 50% for both
genders.
Marital status –
alone people
People QuickFacts Stockton California
White alone, percent, 2010 (a) 37.0% 57.6%
Black or African American
alone, percent, 2010 (a)
12.2% 6.2%
American Indian and Alaska
Native alone, percent, 2010 (a)
1.1% 1.0%
Asian alone, percent, 2010 (a) 21.5% 13.0%
Native Hawaiian and Other
Pacific Islander alone, percent,
2010 (a)
0.6% 0.4%
% of alone population is
bigger in Stockton than
in CA, except % of
White alone (with
Hispanic or Latino) and
White alone (not
Hispanic or Latino).

Two or More Races, percent,
2010
6.9% 4.9%
Hispanic or Latino, percent,
2010 (b)
40.3% 37.6%
White alone, not Hispanic or
Latino, percent, 2010
22.9% 40.1%
Geography
Geography QuickFacts Stockton California
Land area in square miles, 2010 61.67 155,779.22
Persons per square mile, 2010 4,730.1 239.1
/ Inability to
provide all the
citizens with
proper life
conditions and
infrastructure
(due to the
density of the
population in
the area)
Stockton has 20 times
larger number of persons
per square mile than CA.
Crime Crime index Big changes
possible (as
situation is
unfortunately
unfavorable for
the city). Work on
appropriate law
application,
opportunity for
organizing the
people from the
community to
contribute to this
cause.
It is also an
opportunity for
Neglecting or
not paying
enough attention
to this problem
may cause
worsening of the
situation leading
to South
Stockton
resulting in this
part being
abandoned or
even scoring
higher rates of
crime of any
kind.
Stockton is among the
most dangerous cities in
the country. In a certain
percent consequence of
the crisis and city
bankruptcy.
Violent crime
comparison
Stockton has over 2.5
times bigger annual
crimes per 1.000
residents than CA
average and 3 times
bigger indicator than US
average.

Property crime rate
comparison
government to
show the initiative
and create better
policies and
conditions for
economy and
safeness, police.
The property crime rate
in Stockton is for 25
bigger than CA average
and the US average,
reason for this is worse
economic situation in
Stockton.
Crime per square
mile comparison
City has larger number of
persons per square mile
and bigger crime rate, all
this is reason for over 3
times bigger number of
crime per square mile
than CA average.
Transportation Mean of
transportation to
work
Average age Average income
Huge space for
promoting car
sharing and public
transportation
Unwillingness
of people to
change their
commuting
habits
Culture of driving to
work established
(commuting)
Possession of cars
(per household)
Pollution; traffic Over 90% of households
have at least one vehicle.

Health* Children
The City of Stockton has high levels of both chlamydia and gonorrhea.
Youth between the ages of 15 to 19 have the highest rates.
Nearly 60% of all teen births in the City of Stockton are to Hispanic
teens.
Approximately 1/3 of Hispanic, Black, and White teens were
overweight or obese before becoming pregnant.
Over 82% of obese pregnant teens gain more weight than they should
during pregnancy.
Over 42% of deaths in children ages 0 to 19 are due to conditions
present at birth.
Over 13% of deaths in children are due to homicide.11
Develop system
enhancers (
develop info
centers, work on
prevention rather
than coming to the
situation in which
the problem
already exists)
Difficulty to
reach the critical
categories
Many things have
already been done.
Organizations are
established (women
center, kids center, youth
services, diseases
foundations etc.),
services are provided
(mentoring, shelters,
counseling), projects
implemented (gyms,
literacy, chronical
diseases education...)
Adults
11 CHILDREN’S HEALTH INDICATORS IN STOCKTON: BUILDING A SHARED UNDERSTANDING, DIRECTION, AND HOPE (n.d.) Retrieved November 25th, from
http://www.kidsdata.org/topic/41/families-with-children-type250/table#fmt=470&loc=2,127,331,171,345,357,324,369,362,360,364,356,217,328,354,320,
339,334,365,343,367,344,366,368,265,349,361,4,273,59,370,326,341,338,350,342,359,363,340,335,1269&tf=67&ch=1074,1075,1067,1078,1077,1072&sortColumnId=0&sortTy
pe=asc

Tuberculosis / Inability to
provide an
adequate
treatment to all
people that need
it
On aver-age from 2005-
2009, 5.3% of TB cases
in SJC were co-infected
with AIDS. Managing
these cases requires a
multi-pronged approach.
Individuals co-infected
with TB and AIDS
require complex
treatment regimens, as
well as numerous
medical, social and other
ser-vices. TB cases in
SJC also have high rates
of substance abuse.12
Infant mortality Improving the life
conditions of the
critical groups
Deepening the
differences (in
both life
conditions as
well as the
accessibility to
the medical
help) among the
ethnicities living
in the city
High rates in African
American population;
over three times the rate
for White and Asian
infants and more than 2.5
times the rate for
Hispanic infants.13
12 San Joaquin County; COMMUNITY HEALTH STATUS REPORT 2011 (2011). San Joaquin County Public Health Services. Retrieved from
http://www.sjcphs.org/disease/documents/FINAL%20Updated%20Health%20Status%204-1-11.pdf

HIV/AIDS Inclusion of those
people in the
community;
education of
others to help
rather judge in
order for them all
to feel as part of
Stockton and have
a will to make it a
better place to live
in
If not handled
properly (with
education and
access to
treatments and
protection),
there is a danger
that the HIV
prevalence can
be expanded.
The AIDS rates in SJC
from 1990-2009
followed the same trend
as the state’s rates (but
with lower rates). In SJC,
Whites, Hispanics, and
Asians all show a greater
proportion of AIDS cases
than HIV cases, which
indicates a greater
number of older
infections versus more
recently acquired
infections. Greater
number of new infections
with HIV are occurring
in the African American
population.14
Leading death
causes
Improve the
protection and
education on
avoiding
unintentional
injuries (that are
much greater
among men than
women)
Hereditary
illnesses; hard to
eradicate them
Chronic diseases account
for 70% of all deaths in
the U.S., with heart
disease, cancer, and
stroke together
accounting for more than
50% of all deaths each
year. While African
Americans had the
highest proportion of
deaths due to diabetes
than any other
racial/ethnic groups, they
had the lowest

Leading death
causes by ethnicity
Differences in
sensitivity to
some external
factors as well
as in
accessibility to
treatments
percentage of cancer
deaths. This is in contrast
to the high incidence of
cancer in African
Americans. Hispanics
had the highest
percentage of deaths due
to accidents
(unintentional injuries)
but the lowest due to
heart disease.15
Obesity Highest rate of obese people in the US in 2009
Situation improved in the following years
Application of
projects financed
by the country or
state to tackle the
issue
This problem
may cause other
health issues
Sugar Sweetened
Beverage Campaign
initiated-to strengthen the
foundation for policy
changes aimed at
reducing the
consumption of sugar-
sweetened beverage in
San Joaquin County.16

Technological Factors
Factor Description
Figure(s) for
Stockton
Average
figure(s)/situation Opportunity Thread Comment
Energy
usage
Carbon emissions
from
transportation
and residential
energy use [kg
per capita]
2 016 2 235 (100 largest metropolitan
areas in US)
Stockton can
become one of the
leading cities in
the region,
promoting smart
city philosophy.
With low carbon
emissions, there is
not much needed
to do to receive
this status.
The number may
increase if heavy
industry or other
pollutants are
being brought to
the city.
Areas with small per capita
footprints tend to have higher
density, concentration of
development, and rail transportation.
New York, Los Angeles, and San
Francisco have the smallest
transportation and residential
footprints.
Annual wasted
fuel per person
5 000 10 000 (US average) (additional
information
needed, status:
obtaining)
(additional
information
needed, status:
obtaining)
Wasted' fuel is the difference
between the fuel consumed under
estimated existing conditions and the
fuel consumed under free-flow
conditions.
HERO Program - - Opportunity for
all stakeholders in
the city:
homeowners may
reduce their
electricity bill,
municipality can
benefit by
revitalizing the
community, and
contractors can
create jobs.
City might not be
able to take full
advantage of this
program due to
other limitations.
HERO Program provides Property
Assessed Clean Energy (PACE)
funding for homeowners to finance
the purchase and installation of
renewable energy, energy and water
efficiency improvements, and
electric-vehicle-charging
infrastructure improvements to their
property with no up-front costs
.Look at the link for more info. Will
come in to affect in Fall 2014.

Access to
Internet
Public Libraries-
Electronic
services
285 503 (cities in CA with > 400k
population)
As seen from data
below, nearly 1/3
of Stockton's
citizens do not
have access to
internet. Public
libraries can help
to reduce this
percentage. They
can also be used
as safe point or to
report a crime to
the police.
Public libraries are
mainly located in
the downtown
Stockton, where is
relatively good
internet coverage.
Due to high crime
rate zones, no
library is interested
in moving to area
of District 6.
May not be useful indicator due to
the presence of large number of big
cities (San Francisco, San Jose, Los
Angeles, San Diego, San
Bernardino)
Internet Speeds As seen from the
chart on the right,
Stockton is
significantly
behind in
maximum
download speed
via landline as
well as via
wireless
technology.
Implementing new
technologies,
which can increase
internet speeds can
be expensive,
might compromise
city budget.
City is featuring decent average
download speeds, which are above
the national average. National
maximum speeds (especially using
wireless technology) are
significantly higher than Stockton's.
Investing in high-speed wireless can
be costly, mainly since there is no
existing free public wireless
infrastructure.

Internet
Connectivity
Opportunity to
increase the
percentage of
population
connected to
internet. Some
examples can be
found in this data
sheet.
Installing internet
connectivity for
greater amount of
people can be
expensive,
infrastructure
barriers, possibility
of abuse
An estimated 198,361 Stockton
residents are connected to the
Internet in some capacity - either at
home, work, elsewhere or at multiple
locations. An estimated 93,346
Stockton residents are not connected
to the Internet. These residents are
not connected at home, work, or
elsewhere. It is estimated that
223,448 Stockton residents live in a
household where Internet is
available.
Implementation
of mobile cellular
network
LTE network
coverage (Sprint,
Verizon, AT&T since
2012)
Excellent LTE coverage in the
area of California state (lots of
tech companies)
Excellent
connectivity
conditions are
paving the road to
smart city
concept.
Implementation of
the latest
technologies, like
LTE, can be
capital intensive; it
might result in
more costly mobile
subscription plans.
City offers great LTE coverage by all
American leading
telecommunications providers.
Access to free
Wi-Fi in the
city/on the buses
No Wi-Fi connectivity
on the buses
Some bus stops in San Francisco
are offering solar-powered Wi-Fi.
Free public Wi-Fi
on buses and
other public areas
helps to introduce
other solutions
associated with
internet
connectivity.
Abuse of the
system; vulnerable
to hackers who
want to access
private (and credit
card) information
via public
networks.
Commercial/retail areas have
surveillance cameras. The quality of
those cameras varies. The city, and
even county, are completely broke, I
do not think any council members
would any support large-scale
surveillance. At the same time, since
high-crime zones may be low-
income zones. Businesses might not
have enough money to buy them. -
H.L.

Innovation
potential
Number of patent
applications in
given years
203 (2008-2014) 2 171 012 (US patents, 2008-
2012)
Relatively in the
near of Silicon
valley, Stockton
has potential to
become an
innovation center.
City does not
feature enough
R&D centers,
thread to be
completely
swallowed by
Silicon valley.
Top patent applicants: Ryan Guest
(9), Edward A. Wolf (9), Joe Bradley
Lasiter (9), Jean-Pierre Dueri (8),
Roger Curtis (6), etc.
Investing in
renewable
sources of energy
Due to bankruptcy and
according to city
expenditures plan for
FY 2014-15 no
investments in
renewables are being
planned
California's RPS Plan: 20% of
electricity from renewables by
2017. State is investing heavily.
Greater energy
independence,
lowering the price
of energy,
employing people
in energy sector -
less unemployed.
Expensive
production costs
may damage city's
budget - need for
state subsidies or
financing from
other sources
(HERO program,
etc.)
California produces only 71% of
needed energy by itself.
R&D, percentage
of city budget
reserved for
research and
development
activity
3% of city budget
($12.8 M)
7,8% of CA GDP ($77 billion in
2007)
To take advantage
of nearness of
Silicon valley and
attract some
capital.
Probably
insignificant, since
Stockton has no
real potential to
become tech
center, because to
brain drain to
Silicon valley.
Companies in California alone
accounted for 24% of the nation's
business R&D.
Tech Incubators
(number)
At least one (obtaining
more info)
California has probably the
highest density of tech incubators
in the world.
Excellent
connectivity,
entrepreneurial
spirit, low
property value,
can attract more
tech incubators
Tech incubator
located in
downtown
Stockton.
Peripheries (like
D6) not included
in tech
development
programs.
May not be most useful indicator,
biased because of Silicon valley.
More info about the tech incubator
available on the link.

Irrigation
infrastructur
e
Capacity of
existing irrigation
infrastructure,
scalability
possibilities
No special problems
with water, reservoirs,
waterway systems
available, outlying
areas farmland
Central Valley Project (San
Joaquin River has great
importance)
Urban farming,
relatively cheap
healthy food,
better-connected
community,
employing local
workforce.
Costly installation
of irrigation
infrastructure if not
already set up.
Questionable soil
quality. Great
possibility of
droughts.
Outlying areas of Stockton and San
Joaquin gets most of its water from
the Delta a huge waterway system
that travels in SF bay. South
California wants to build a massive
tunnel system to feed water to its
farming areas.
Digital
citizen/Smar
t city
Open-data
initiatives, apps
to improve cities
Stockton Police app
(iOS/Android)
- Reduce crime
rate, due to the
reporting feature
of the app.
Abuse of the
system. Local
police can be led
into ambush with
gangsters. Use of
surveillance
cameras is
recommended.
Reporting crime, taking pictures,
recording videos, submitting tips
about criminal activities. App
intelligently uses your current
location.
Clean Up Stockton
app (iOS/Android)
- Excellent way to
make city more
tidy and clean.
Neighborhoods
are more
attractive for
tourism and
potential
homebuyers.
Application is
more focused on
downtown
Stockton, which
keeps other areas
like District 6 in
untidy condition.
"Perception is reality". Employs
local clean-up groups, connects
community, people have active role
in keeping their city clean by
reporting graffiti. More than 1,200
people downloaded app by Oct 2013.
Stockton Travel Guide
app (Windows)
- A lot of room for
improvements, to
make app more
attractive, add
new features,
interactive view
using camera, add
other platforms
(iOS/Android)
App as-it-is is no
help to promote
city as interesting
and worth seeing.
Stockton travel app is a right step,
but it would have to be done with
intention to deliberately promote the
city and places worth seeing.

Check Online app
(mobile/tablet)
- Extend volume of
services you can
pay for.
Completely
digitalized
payments,
reduced use of
cash and chance
for being robbed
Potential hacker
attacks, similar to
what eBay
experienced.
Check Online is app used for online
payments for utility bills. Accepts
wide variety of payment methods,
including all major credit cards.
Surveillance
cameras
Commercial/retail
areas do have
cameras, questionable
quality
Many cities feature 24/7
surveillance, police uses real-time
data to monitor and prevent
crime.
Reduce crime rate
at certain areas,
better traffic
control, and
traffic info.
Privacy strongly
compromised.
Questionable support of city council
members as the city is completely
broke. Businesses in low-income
zones might not have enough money
to afford surveillance.
(Touch)screens
with real-time
information
No touch-screens Interactive information kiosks are
becoming more and more popular
in bigger cities
Quick information
flow, easy to read
the news, check
weather, find your
way to wanted
destination (if you
are a tourist).
Expensive to set
up, not vandalism
resistant.
For more info, look at Urbanflow in
Helsinki, Finland.
http://helsinki.urbanflow.io/
Smart
parking
Parking apps Lots of parking apps
available for most
mobile platforms
Lots of parking apps available for
most mobile platforms
Reduced traffic in
the city, emissions
and fuel
consumption.
Better navigation
to desired
location.
Parking spaces
should be equipped
with technology,
which locates free
spaces. If it is not
already installed, it
can represent
additional cost.
Parking apps save commuters time,
gas, emissions and money and are
easing flow of traffic.
Parking payment
system
No parking payment
systems
(no known smart parking systems
in the area, still obtaining
information)
Less
infrastructure,
park-o-meters
cannot be robbed
because they are
Electronic
payment systems
are vulnerable to
hacker attacks,
which could come
Think of EZ-pass for parking or an
app, which will show you free
parking spaces and you will be able
to pay for parking using the app.

nonexistent, you
don't have to deal
with cash due to
electronic
payments.
to your personal
credit card
information.
Charging stations
for electric vehicles
6 charging stations
(north Stockton, near
Lodi)
Sacramento 69, San Francisco
105, San Jose 169
Make city friendly
to electric cars,
promote as green.
It may actually
help to reduce
emissions.
Expensive to set
up, would
probably need
external financing,
public private
partnerships (Tesla
motors), state
subsidies.
Excessive cars causes more
pollution, public transport has bad
stigma, people do not want to give
up their car(s), electric cars have to
be promoted.

Environmental Factors
Factor Description Figure for Stockton
Average national
figure/situation Opportunity Threat Comment
Geography Location West coast of USA,
California, between
Sacramento and San
Joaquin Valley
- Relatively close to
technological center
of USA
Overshadowed by
more developed
surroundings
-
Elevation 8 m / 26 ft CA mean elevation:
880m / 2 900 ft,
highest point: Mt.
Whitney 4 418 m /
14 494 ft, lowest
point: Death Valley: -
86 m / -282 ft
Terrain that is easy to
build on
Threat for some
extreme weather
conditions, due to
the Stockton position
in valley
-
Traffic
connections
Port of Stockton,
Stockton Metropolitan
Airport, Interstate 5,
Route 99
The most important
ports in CA: Port of
Los Angeles, P.o.
Long Beach, P.o.
Oakland, P.o.
Sacramento; Air
travel: LA
International Airport,
SF I.A., San Diego,
Oakland, Sacramento,
San Jose (all among
50 busiest airports in
the world), roads: I-
5, I-8, I-10, I-15, I-
40, I-80
One of two major
inland deep-water
ports located in the
Central Valley.
Airport can be
further exploit, more
for cargo transport.
Stockton Airport is
primarily commercial
service airport. The
most popular
destinations are Las
Vegas (65k passengers),
Honolulu (4k), Phoenix
(2k).

Climate Temperature AA: 16,5°C / 61,8°F AA California 16,2°C
/ 61,2°F ; AA USA
12,5°C / 54,5°F
Attractiveness for
tourism, ideal for
agriculture
Unstable energy
demand: higher
demand in summer
months, due to the
cooling devices and
lower demand in
winter.
The hottest month in
Stockton is July with
average monthly
temperature of 34,1°C /
93,4°F, and the coldest
is December with AM
temperature of 2,9°C /
37,2°F.
Sunny days # of sunny days: 184, #
of partly sunny days: 77
San Diego: # of
sunny days: 146, # of
partly sunny days:
117 ; Los Angeles
Downtown: # of
sunny days: 186, # of
partly sunny days:
106
Opportunity for
agriculture (citrus
fruits) and generating
electricity (solar
panels)
Large number of
sunny days without
precipitation can dry
out the soil and make
certain skin diseases.
Number of sunny days
includes the days when
cloud covers up to 30%
of the sky during
daylight hours. Partly
sunny days have cloud
covering from 40% to
70% of the sky during
the daytime.
Precipitation AA: 35 cm / 14 in North of Stockton is
Sacramento valley
which receives as
much as 51 cm (20
in) rain per year,
whereas south of
Stockton San Joaquin
valley and is more
desert-like.
Suitable for growing
arid plants
Droughts, lack of
drinking water
Most of rainfall (90%)
occurs from November
to April, which is
considered the rainy
season.
Snow Usually no snow during
the winter
Just 11 occasions of
snow in the last 158
years in San
Francisco
No need for snow
remove equipment
- -

Wind 50% of wind comes
from W & NW
Usually winds are
blowing from sea
(change in pressure).
When blowing from
East, winds are
usually dry and cold.
Potential for
generating electricity.
Due to the
geographic location
of Stockton in the
Central valley, there
is possibility of
storms with strong
winds (up to 60
mph), which may
damage the wind
turbines.
Wind from with
constant speed, which is
typically between 15
and 20 knots.
Natural
hazards
Floods High risk - Delta Project and
levees can mitigate
effects of floods
Damage to public
and civil
infrastructure
-
Droughts High risk - - Damage to
agriculture
-
Earthquakes Medium risk - Low residential
building are less
affected by
earthquakes
Earthquakes may
damage residential
buildings and
infrastructure (water
pipeline, electricity
grid, etc.)
-
Fire hazard Low risk - Within the city plan
areas that stop fire
from spreading so
quickly.
Urban sprawl causes
fire to spread more
quickly
-
Freeze Medium risk - - Citrus fruits cannot
tolerate hard freeze
and may be severely
damaged.
The San Joaquin Valley
is the largest citrus
producing region in the
United States, and the
production of these

fruits was adversely
affected by this weather
system.
Storm events Low risk - Relatively predictable
weather
Storms may affect
the agriculture
Usually one storm event
per year
Biodiversity Chinook salmon, variety
of migratory birds is
nesting in the area
San Joaquin River
Restoration Program
(revive the River’s
historic salmon
fishery), 54,000
juvenile released in
S.J. river in April
2014
Ideal tracks for biking
and promoting
tourism.
Delta Project can
damage unique
ecosystems.
-
Water
management
San Joaquin River
Restoration Program
Delta Project
Waterway System
Improving water
management, good
system for sewers
Strong earthquake
could pose serious
threat to Delta
Waterway Supply
Project
-
Waste
management
Private collector
companies (Allied
Waste and Waste
Management), Foothill
Landfill for San Joaquin
County, average daily
volume of waste 620t
Foothill Landfill for
San Joaquin County
in operation until
2055
System that rewards
households which
recycle
Polluting the
underground water
-
Air quality Stockton climate action
plan, significant
improvements in ozone
levels
Surroundings of
bigger cities
experience moderate
air quality, otherwise
Lower expenditure for
health due to less
polluted environment
With
industrialization of
the city there is
growing possibility
The CAP assumes 83%
of the reductions needed
to achieve the City’s
GHG reduction goal
will be achieved

California has high
AQI
of bringing more
pollutants to the area
through state programs,
with the remainder
(17%) accomplished
through City ‐lev
programs. Building
energy, transportation,
and waste were
identified as areas with
great potential for
emissions savings.
Soil quality Surroundings of
Stockton has highly
fertile soil, within the
city
Highly fertile soil in
Sacramento - San
Joaquin Valley, one
of the largest citrus
production areas in
US.
Mainly productive
soils, suitable for
agriculture, and urban
agriculture.
High seedling
mortality in brown-
fields.
-
Energy
resources
Sun potential YES YES - - Number of sunny days
Wind potential YES YES - - Predictable and constant
wind.
Water potential NO YES - - No real slope to build
hydropower plant.
Key
AA - average
annual AM - average monthly P.o. - Port of
I.A. - International
Airport I-5 - Interstate 5

Legal Factors
Factor Description Situation in Stockton Opportunity Threat Comments
Business regulations*
Ease of doing
business
California is considered one of the
more difficult states to do business
in. It has comparatively high taxes
and a complicated regulatory
environment.17
However, by
international rankings, the US does
well, especially in access to credit
and insolvency procedures.18
Attract new businesses by
decreasing bureaucracy in
procedures under city
jurisdiction, not necessarily
decreasing taxes.
Stockton’s position in
California puts it at a
disadvantage in
attracting business due
to complicated
regulations and high
taxes.
The Small Business
Friendliness Survey
by Thumbtack and
the Kauffmann
Foundation found
that small businesses
are more deterred by
high levels of
bureaucracy than by
high taxes.19
Crime law Enforcement
Since the rise of crime in 1980s,
Stockton's Police Department has
been fighting with high gang
activity, illegal drug sale, firearm
sale, violent and property crime.
Low density of population, lack of
distinctive high crime degree areas
and the fact that crime is spread out
around the city without any
recognizable pattern, have been the
main causes for police force's
ineffectiveness when trying to
prevent criminal acts.20
Employing and engaging
community in tackling these
issues, as they are directly
affected.
Uncontrolled spreading
of the criminal
activities due to the
unpredictable nature of
the crime. With
California having the
largest number of hate
groups, the white
supremacist population
and white street gangs
may continue to
proliferate. Violent
attacks against non-
whites may continue.1
To break the cycle of
chronic, generational
crime and improve
public safety in
Stockton, law
enforcements have
been trying to
interrupt and prevent
violence and
homicides by
targeting high-risk
persons, places and
situations.1
Corruption
Convictions on
state level
One of the least corrupted states
(measured in number of convicted
officials per capita; counted on gross
level, in top 10 with the most
convictions)
Developed consciousness about
the issue can be beneficial in
eradicating it or diminishing its
presence.
Hard to measure and
prove.
/
Codes
16 Municipal
codes
Municipal Code Title 1 GENERAL
PROVISIONS
Adequate implementation
according to the Constitution
/
Wide coverage of the
topics with city
17 Thumbtack.com, Kaufmann Foundation (2014). Thumbtack.com Small Business Friendliness Survey. Retrieved December 13, 2014, from
http://www.thumbtack.com/survey#/2014/1/states
18 World Bank (2014). Ease of Doing Business in United States. Ease of Doing Business 2015. Retrieved December 12, 2014, from
http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/united-states
19 Thumbtack.com, Kaufmann Foundation (2014). Thumbtack.com Small Business Friendliness Survey. Retrieved December 13, 2014, from
http://www.thumbtack.com/survey#/2014/1/states
20 Organized crime in California 2007-2008: Annual Report to the Legislature. California office of the Attorney General. Retrieved from
http://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/publications/org_crime2007_08.pdf

Municipal Code Title 2
ADMINISTRATION AND
PERSONNEL
Municipal Code Title 3 REVENUE
AND FINANCE
Municipal Code Title 4 RESERVED
Municipal Code Title 5 BUSINESS
LICENSES AND REGULATIONS
Municipal Code Title 6 ANIMALS
Municipal Code Title 7 RESERVED
Municipal Code Title 8 HEALTH
AND SAFETY
Municipal Code Title 9 PUBLIC
PEACE AND WELFARE
Municipal Code Title 10 VEHICLES
AND TRAFFIC
FRANCHISES
Municipal Code Title 12 STREETS,
SIDEWALKS AND PUBLIC
PLACES
Municipal Code Title 13 PUBLIC
SERVICES
RESERVED
BUILDINGS AND
CONSTRUCTION
DEVELOPMENT CODE21
enables the basis for
development.
specific regulations
and codes
Organization of the
city
City departments
Administrative Service
Human Resources
Animal Services
Library
City Attorney
Municipal Utilities
City Clerk
Public Works
City Manager
Recreation
Community Development
Stockton Fire
/ /
County and city
departments are
public service
agencies.
21 Stockton Municipal Codes (n.d.). Retrieved December 1st, 2014, from http://qcode.us/codes/stockton/

Community Services
Stockton Police
Economic Development
Organized crime*
Organizations/
Gangs
Eurasian Organized Crime
Mexican Drug Trafficking
Organizations
Marijuana Drug Trafficking
Organizations
Familiarity with the gangs and
their activities;
Acknowledgement of their
existence, not denial
Although white DTOs
currently dominate
indoor marijuana
garden production
throughout California,
law enforcement
reports indicate that
Asian DTOs operating
indoor marijuana
gardens are becoming
increasingly common
in the state, most
notably in the
Sacramento and San
Joaquin counties. Asian
DTOs are known to
establish multiple
indoor growing sites in
an attempt to cover
losses from law
enforcement
eradication efforts.1
Numerous EOC
groups continue to
operate in California,
engaging in arms
trafficking, auto theft,
cargo theft, extortion,
murder, prostitution,
money laundering,
drugs, insurance
fraud, recycling
fraud, smuggling,
immigration fraud,
and human
trafficking. The main
criminal activities of
EOC groups in the
state are medical
fraud, financial fraud,
and auto theft.
Mexican DTOs are
increasing their
involvement in
human smuggling,
arms trafficking,
home invasion
robberies, and
ransom kidnappings
to supplement
declining drug trade
income.1
Pending legislation
Recent and new
measures in City
Council/on ballot
Measure B has been recently passed,
which mandates the city to use a
recent tax increase to fund better
security services and bankruptcy
exit. Measure C, a revision of the
City Charter, amending the Mayor’s
compensation and delegating the
determination of the City Manager’s
spending authority to the City
Council, has been passed in a fall
More flexible and effective
governance through passed
measures and quicker
bankruptcy exit. Increased
energy efficiency through the
Climate Action Plan.
Higher upfront costs to
install more energy
efficient solutions, the
tax increase may hurt
business.
/

2014 election.22
The state-mandated
Climate Action Plan for Stockton has
been approved in December 2014,
with some measures that will affect
private businesses and residents as
well. However, it is predicted to have
an overall positive net effect on
Stockton23
Property tax Tax rate
As of June 2014, the effective
property tax rate in Stockton was
10.77 dollars per 1000 dollars of
home value. This compares
favorably with the United States
average of 12.07 dollars.24
However,
some cities in California have a
lower effective rate, such as
Glendale, at 8.22 dollars.25
Additional measures that are
levied along with the state-
controlled tax could potentially
be lowered.
California residents and
local officials have
virtually no control
over the distribution of
property tax revenue to
local governments.
Instead, all major
decisions regarding
property tax allocation
are controlled by the
state.
Using low property
taxes as a metric of
business friendliness
in California is a
complicated matter.
The market value of
properties generally
increases faster than
the 2% p/a tax-base
increase.
Furthermore, the tax
rate adjusts with the
market value only
when the property is
sold or when the
market value dips
below the tax base.26
Therefore, the longer
a property does not
change owners, the
lower the effective
property tax rate, as
the effective rate is
calculated based on
current market
values.
22 City of Stockton (2014). Ballot Measures 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014, from
http://www.stocktongov.com/government/departments/clerk/balMeasures.html
23 City of Stockton (2014). Climate Action Plan. Retrieved December 16, 2014, from http://www.stocktongov.com/government/boardCom/clim.html
24 Sperling’s Best Places (n.d.). Housing in Stockton, California. Retrieved December 4, 2014, from http://www.bestplaces.net/housing/city/california/stockton
25 Sperling’s Best Places (n.d.). Housing in Glendale, California. Retrieved December 15, 2014, from http://www.bestplaces.net/housing/city/california/glendale
26 Legislative Analyst’s Office (2012). Understanding California’s Property Taxes. Retrieved December 9, 2014, from
http://www.lao.ca.gov/reports/2012/tax/property-tax-primer-112912.aspx

Additional measures
that are levied along
with the property tax
amount to around ten
percent of the tax.27
The market value of
the property has the
largest impact on the
amount of property
tax levied.
CHARACTERISTICS FUNCTIONING
Justice*
Judicial Council of
California
The Judicial Council is the policymaking body of the California courts,
the largest court system in the nation. In accordance with the California
Constitution, the council is responsible for ensuring the consistent,
independent, impartial, and accessible administration of justice. Judicial
Council staff implements the council’s policies.
The Judicial Council acts as a governing body for the judicial branch to
ensure the statewide administration of justice by supporting the
California courts and assisting them to provide equal and timely access
to an independent and impartial justice system. It establishes judicial
branch policy for the improvement of an independent and impartial
justice system that meets public needs and enhances public trust and
confidence in the courts.28
The Judicial Council develops judicial branch
goals in its strategic and operational plans. At
six-year intervals, the council develops and
approves a long-range strategic plan. At three-
year intervals, the council develops and approves
an operational plan for the implementation of the
strategic plan.
*State level
27 Legislative Analyst’s Office (2012). Understanding California’s Property Taxes. Retrieved December 9, 2014, from
http://www.lao.ca.gov/reports/2012/tax/property-tax-primer-112912.aspx
28 Judicial Council Governance Policies (2008). Judicial Council of California. Retrieved from http://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/appendix_d.pdf

Stockton Deliverable 2: Final Research (Appendix)

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