6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland

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New York, Singapore, Berlin – Climate
Resilience of Critical Infrastructures in three
Cities
IDRC 2016
Session 26 „Resilience: New Approaches and Case Studies”
Dr. Jeannette Sieber

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Outline
- Resilience Concepts: Framing the Approach
- City Examples
o Comparison between Singapore, New York City and Berlin
o Case Study NYC
o Case Study Singapore
- Extreme Weather as a Threat for Resilience
o General introduction
o Case Study Germany
- Conclusions

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Critical Infrastructures vs. Green Infrastructure
Some keywords and thoughts:
• Conflicting use in urban planning
• Energy Transition in Germany and the competition on
construction areas
• Conservation areas and nature reserves as potential areas for
wind turbine construction
• Recreation factor in the discussion on quality of life
• Many recreational places are used otherwise, ex-industrial sites
are re-used as recreational spaces

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Critical Infrastructures vs. Green Infrastructure
• According to the concept of Critical
Infrastructures, 8 sectors are
identified:
1. Energy Supply
2. Transport and Mobility
3. Water and Food Supply
4. Urban Development:
Architecture and Buildings
5. Disaster Risk Management
6. Financial, Justice and Cultural
Goods
7. Air Pollution
8. Waste and Sanitation
1. Provisioning Services
• Food and Fresh Water
• Raw materials and medicinal resources
• Energy
2. Regulating Services
• Local climate and air quality regulation
• Moderation of extreme events
• Waste-water treatment
• Pollination and biological control
3. Habitat or Supporting Services
• Habitats
• Genetic diversity
4. Cultural Services
• Recreation
• (Eco)Tourism
• Aesthetic appreciation
• Spiritual experience
Ecosystem Services

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Resilience Concepts
Ecosystem
Services
Reviews
Corporate
Risk
Management
Disaster Risk
Management
and Sendai
Framework
Critical
Infrastructures
Climate
Action
Sustainable
Energy
Planning

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City examples – Comparing NYC, SGP and BER
Ecosystem Services NYC Berlin Singapore Comparison for
further studies
Size [km²] 789,4 (1212.4) 891.7 710.2
Population [Mio] 8.5 3.5 5.5
Provisioning Food Food Food Food
Fresh Water
Regulating Air quality regulation
(carbon
storage/pollution)
Local temperature
regulation
Air quality regulation
Local climate regulation
(UHI)
Air quality regulation Air quality regulation
Runoff mitigation Waste water treatment
Habitat Habitats Habitats Habitats Habitats
Cultural and amenity Aesthetic
quality/Tourism
Aesthetic quality
Recreation Recreation Recreation Recreation

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Case Study NYC
Ecosystem
Services
Reviews
Critical
Infrastructures
Climate Action
Sustainable
Energy
Planning

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Case Study Singapore
Ecosystem
Services
Reviews
Critical
Infrastructures
Climate Action
Sustainable
Energy
Planning

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Extreme Weather as a Threat for Resilience
Table: Identification of
weather impacts on city
infrastructure and services
Green: no impacts were
found yet
Yellow: impacts possible but
not priority
Red: major impacts
expected
Demand and supply may be
affected

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Case Study Germany
Ecosystem
Services
Reviews
Critical
Infrastructures
Climate Action
Sustainable
Energy
Planning

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Conclusions
… even some more keywords and thoughts:
• Cities worldwide deals with similar conflicts
• Development in renewable energies causes new planning
requirements
• Contrasting development of ecosystem services and critical
infrastructures
• Singapore City Biodiversity Index, Berlin Biotope Area Factor,
New York MillionTree Campaign
• Nature-based solutions as a countable option (cultural ecosystem
services are not tangible)
• New debate: ecosystem services vs. ecosystem disservices

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Vielen Dank, Merci, Thank You
Contact
Dr. Jeannette Sieber sieber@eifer.org +49(0)721 6105 1370
EIFER
Emmy-Noether-Straße 11
76131 Karlsruhe
Germany
www.eifer.org
Copyright © EIFER 2016
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