The document discusses the impact of natural disasters in developing countries like Haiti, El Salvador, India, and Iran. It notes that poverty exacerbates the effects of disasters in these nations. Specific disasters are examined for each country, showing massive loss of life and economic damage. Overall, the document argues that reducing poverty is essential to building resilience against disasters in the developing world.

2. Saadi Ghaderi
Esfahan Water Regional Organization, Iran
Dr. Khalid Moin
Jamia Millia Islamia, Department of Civil Engineering, New Delhi, India
Dr. Amir Ali Khan
National Institute of Disaster Management, New Delhi, India
Poverty Reduce, the Essential Issue to Risk
Reduction in Developing and Poor Countries
International Disaster and Risk Conference ICDR Davos 2010International Disaster and Risk Conference ICDR Davos 2010

3. Objective of this talk:-Objective of this talk:-
• Natural disaster and Poverty in Developing
and poor countries, focussing on:-
• How we can reduce the effect of naturalHow we can reduce the effect of natural
disasters in these countries?disasters in these countries?
• How we can reduce the effect of naturalHow we can reduce the effect of natural
disasters in these countries?disasters in these countries?
• Why natural disasters having consequences
catastrpophic in poor and Developin countries
• Why natural disasters having consequences
catastrpophic in poor and Developin countries

4. • The world has witnessed an increase inThe world has witnessed an increase in
the frequency and severity of naturalthe frequency and severity of natural
disasters in the last two decades.disasters in the last two decades.
• The world has witnessed an increase inThe world has witnessed an increase in
the frequency and severity of naturalthe frequency and severity of natural
disasters in the last two decades.disasters in the last two decades.

5. 3,852 disasters killed more than 780,000
people over the past 10 years, affected
more than 2 billion others and cost a
minimum of $960 billion. (Source: CRED)

6. Eight of the top 10 countries with the highest
number of disaster-related deaths were in Asia.

7. FACTS AND FIGURES FOR
THE DECADE : 2000-2009
60% people died because of60% people died because of earthquakesearthquakes
in the last decade, followed byin the last decade, followed by stormsstorms
(22%) and (11%)(22%) and (11%) extreme temperaturesextreme temperatures

8. From 2000-2004, some 262 million
people were annually affected by
climate disasters, 98% of which were
from developing countries
According to UN statistics:
The chance of killing people in
developing and poor countries than
rich countries against crisis is 4

9. The most people killed by natural
disasters are located in Asia
85% of fatalities were in Asia

10. Natural disasters are a fact of life for
every country, but they are especially
dangerous for people in countries where
people struggle to survive.
It is in these poorer, third-world countries
that a major natural disasters can kill
thousands and threaten the livelihoods of
those who survived the disaster.

11. We review several case studies of
natural disasters occurring in the poor
LDC`s,Developing and rich countries
Haiti
Iindia USA
El Salvador
Iran

12. Indicator Haiti El Salvdor USA
Population (UN
estimate, 2010 )
10,033,000 (82th) 6,163,000 (106th) 309,374,000(3th)
Capital city Port-au-Prince
(population: 2.5 million)
San Salvador (1.8
million)
Washington, DC(5.36
million)
GDP (PPP)
$International
Monetary Fund, 2009)
11,562 (135th) 43,676 (87th) 14,256,275 (1th)
GDP per capita
(PPP US$)(2007)
$ 1155(149th) $ 5,804(106th) $ 45592(13th
)
literacy rate(UNDP,
2007/2008)
54.5%(156th) 80.5%(123th) 99%(21th)
Life Expectancy(2007) 61 years(149th) 71.3 years(106th) 79.1 years(13th
)
infant mortality
rate(2008)
48.8 per 1,000 live
births(136th
)
21.5 per 1000 live
births (99th)
6.3 per 1,000 live
births(33th)
HDI, (based on 2007
data,UNDP, published
on October 5, 2009 )
0.532(149th
) 0.747(106th) ▲ 0.956(very high) (13th)
The Comparation of Indicators of USA, Haiti & EL Salvador
GDP: Gross Domestic Product PPP:Purchasing Power Parity HDI: Human Development Index

13. GDP per capita(PPP US$)(2007)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
Haiti Elsalvador USA
106th
13th
149th
HDI, (based on 2007 data,UNPD)
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
Haiti Elsalvador USA
106th
13th
149th
Literacy Rate(UNDP, 2007/2008)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Haiti Elsalvador USA
123th
21th
156th
Infant Mortality Rate(per 1000)(UNPD,2008)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Haiti Elsalvador USA
99th
33th
136th

14. Most of its 500,000 residents live in
extreme poverty
HaitiHaiti
Haiti is already the poorest country in the
Latin America
Port-au-Prince is such a dense city, and
most of the construction is very, very poor
In 2008, Port-au-Prince’s mayor
estimated that 60 percent of the capital’s
buildings were unsafe
Charcoal is now the primary fuel source
for 70% of Haitians

15. About 66% of all Haitians work in the
agricultural sector
Due to acute poverty, four out of five
farmers cannot satisfy their basic food needs

16. Half of the children in Haiti are
unvaccinated and just 40% of the
population has access to basic health care
About 80% of the population were
estimated to be living in poverty in 2003

17. Approximately 5% of Haiti's adult population
is infected with HIV
Before the 2010 earthquake, nearly half the
causes of deaths have been attributed to
HIVI/AIDS, respiratory infections, meningitis
and diarrhea diseases, including cholera and
typhoid

18. More than 50 natural disasters have
affected Haiti in the past 20 years.
Incidence of disasters in Haiti, 1970-2009
Natural Disaster in Haiti
The frequency of climatic disasters
(droughts, storms and floods) increased 2.5
times between 1970-1989 and 1990-2009,
whilst the number of fatalities per disaster
climbed 5 times

19. On January 12, 2010, Haiti was struck by a
magnitude-7.0 earthquake, the country's
most severe earthquake in over 200 years
Deaths: 230,000
2010 Haiti Earthquake2010 Haiti Earthquake
300,000 were injured.
1.9 million were displaced
The base estimate is US$ 8.1bn

20. Hurricane Jeanne passed through Haiti in
September 2004 leaving over 3,006 dead,
30,000 homeless, and hundreds-of-
thousands without adequate care.
Hurricane Jeanne, 2004Hurricane Jeanne, 2004

21. Two factors –Two factors –
acute poverty andand civil unrest ––
also play key social roles in deepening thealso play key social roles in deepening the
effects of natural disasters on Haiti.effects of natural disasters on Haiti.
Two factors –Two factors –
acute poverty andand civil unrest ––
also play key social roles in deepening thealso play key social roles in deepening the
effects of natural disasters on Haiti.effects of natural disasters on Haiti.

22. Storms and floods that have struck bothStorms and floods that have struck both
Haiti and the Dominican Republic since 2004Haiti and the Dominican Republic since 2004
killed 3,500 people in Haitikilled 3,500 people in Haiti butbut just 200just 200
people in its richer island neighbourpeople in its richer island neighbour

23. 10 most recent natural disasters
that have occurred in:
10 most recent natural disasters
that have occurred in:
Disasters:Disasters: Hurricane,Hurricane,
Tropical Storm, FloodTropical Storm, Flood
Killed:Killed: 208208
Affected:Affected: 194794194794
Disasters:Disasters: Hurricane,Hurricane,
Tropical Storm, FloodTropical Storm, Flood
Killed:Killed: 208208
Affected:Affected: 194794194794
Disasters:Disasters: Hurricane,Hurricane,
Tropical Storm, FloodTropical Storm, Flood
Killed:Killed: 35083508
Affected:Affected: 581345581345
Disasters:Disasters: Hurricane,Hurricane,
Tropical Storm, FloodTropical Storm, Flood
Killed:Killed: 35083508
Affected:Affected: 581345581345
Dominican
RepublicHaiti
Disasters don't strike equally across the
globe; they hit the poor the hardest.

24. EL SalvadorEL Salvador
In 2005 the number of people living in
extreme poverty in El Salvador was 20%.
Health care for the urban and rural
poor is limited.
El Salvador was one the poorest countries
in Latin America at the time of the
quakes, with nearly 31% of the population
under extreme poverty in 2000.
El Salvador was one the poorest countries
in Latin America at the time of the
quakes, with nearly 31% of the population
under extreme poverty in 2000.

25. During 1980–1992, The Salvadoran Civil War
was predominantly fought Civil War between
the government of El Salvador and a coalition
of four leftist groups and one communist group
known as the Farabundo Marti National
Liberation Front(FMLN).
Approximately 75,000 people were killed
in the war

26. Natural Disaster in EL Salvador
Deaths: more than 1,200 people
Affected: 300,000 dwellings (about 32%
of the existing housing stock)
Caused: US$1.6 billion in direct and
indirect damages (12% of GDP in 2000).
Deaths: more than 1,200 people
Affected: 300,000 dwellings (about 32%
of the existing housing stock)
Caused: US$1.6 billion in direct and
indirect damages (12% of GDP in 2000).
Two strong earthquakes inTwo strong earthquakes in
20012001

27. EL Salvador Earthquakes,EL Salvador Earthquakes,
19861986
The 5.7 Mw-earthquake of 1986 resulted in
1,500 deaths, 10,000 injuries, and 100,000
people left homeless

28. Hurricane Mitch devastated Nicaragua, Panama,
Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador,
Mexico, Costa Rica, Jamaica, and Florida.
Overall 10,000 people were killed, 3 million
displaced, and $8.5 billion in damages incurred
In Nicaragua, 750,000 homes were destroyed
and in El Salvador, 50,000 people were left
homeless and 500,000 were forced to flee
their homes.
Hurricane Mitch, 1998

29. Located
in
six
Located
in
six
active
volcanoes,
active
volcanoes,
Earthquake
and
Earthquake
and
hurricane
area
hurricane
area
CivilW
ar
The vulnerabilityThe vulnerability
of El Salvador toof El Salvador to
natural hazardnatural hazard
The vulnerabilityThe vulnerability
of El Salvador toof El Salvador to
natural hazardnatural hazard
Poverty and Highest
population Density

30. The Comparation of indicator of Japan, Iran & India
Indicator India Iran Japan
Population(UN
estimate, 2010)
1,181,432,000 (2nd) 74,196,000 (17th) 127,390,000(10th)
Capital city San Salvador (1.8 million) Tehran (population: 13.5
million)
Washington, DC(5.36
million)
GDP (PPP) $
International
Monetary Fund, 2009)
3,526,124 (4th) 827,858 (18th) 4,159,432 (3th)
GDP per capita (PPP
US$)(2007)
$ 2753(134th) $ 10955(88th) $ 33632(10th)
Literacy Rate(UNDP,
2007/2008)
66%(147th) 82.4%(116th) 99%(21th)
Life Expectancy 63.7 years (2008) 73 years (2009) 83 years(2010)
Infant Mortality
Rate(UNPD,2008)
55 per 1,000 live births
(143th)
30.6 per 1,000 live
births(119th)
3.2 per 1,000 live births
(3th)
HDI, (based on 2007
data,UNPD, published
on October 5, 2009 )
▲0.612(medium)(134th)
▼0.782 (medium) (88th) ▲0.96(very high) (10th)
GDP: Gross Domestic Product PPP:Purchasing Power Parity HDI: Human Development Index

31. GDP per capita(PPP US$)(2007)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
India Iran Japan
88th
10th
134th
Literacy Rate(UNDP, 2007/2008)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
India Iran Japan
116th
21th
147th
Infant Mortality Rate(per 1000)(UNPD,2008)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
India Iran Japan
119th
3th
143th
HDI, (based on 2007 data,UNPD,
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
India Iran Japan
88th, medium
10th, very high
134th, medium

32. IndiaIndia
The per capita net state domestic product of
India's richest states is about 3.2 times that
of the poorest states
India is the world's second most populated
country. ( of 1.2 billion people)
India has the world's second largest Labour
force, with 516.3 million people.

33. Despite India's impressive economic
growth over recent decades, it still
contains the largest concentration of poor
people in the world.
The percentage of people living below the
World Bank's international poverty line of
$1.25 a day

34. As of 2001, more than 70% of India's
population continues to reside in rural areas
More than 850 million Indians earn less than
2 dollars a day

35. Natural Disaster in India
The Indian sub continent is highly prone to
natural disasters. Floods, droughts,
cyclones and earthquakes are a recurrent
phenomenon in India
60% of land mass prone to earthquakes, 40
million hectares of landmass prone to floods,
Drought (8%)
During 1819-2001, fifteen great earthquakes
(magnitude exceeding 5.2 – 8.7) occurred in
India.

36. The twin cyclones,The twin cyclones, OctOct,1999,1999
450,000 cattle dead
Caused to 8,495 Lives lost
2 million Houses & 23,000 Schools damaged
Loss of 90 million trees and Power supply
disrupted in 19,062 villages.

37. Bhuje Earthquake in 2001
One of the worst earthquakes in the last
180 years in India
Direct economic losses at $1.3 billion
Deaths:19,727
The number of injured:166,000
Indications are that 600,000
people were left homeless
348,000 houses destroyed and an
additional 844,000 damaged

38. IranIran
Iran is considered developing country and more
than 40% of Iranian live in rural area.during
these last thirty years,due to lack of financial
means, lack of awareness of the population, and
low quality construction instruments, in these
areas vulnerability to natural disasters is high.
Iran ranks second in the world in natural
gas reserves and third in oil reserves

39. Natural Disasters in Iran
Iran is especially prone to major disasters
caused by natural hazards, particularly
earthquakes.
Among the 40 different types of natural
disasters observable in different parts of the
world, 31 types have been identified in Iran.
In the last century, 12 earthquakes that
have registered above 7 on the Richter
scale have struck Iran.

40. Approximately 130 large earthquakes
have taken place in most parts of Iran.
In last 100 years, 150,000 people had been
killed by natural disasters in the country
while earthquakes alone accounted for about
80% of deaths
Due to weak structures, poor livelihood and lack
of awareness in urban and rural areas, earthquake
always have a huge mortality in Iran.
About 90% of land mass of Iran is
prone to earthquakes.

41. Bam EarthquakeBam Earthquake , 26 December 2003, 26 December 2003
Deaths: more than 30,000 peopleDeaths: more than 30,000 people
Manjil EarthquakeManjil Earthquake , 26 December 1990, 26 December 1990
Deaths: more than 40000Deaths: more than 40000
The number of injured:60,000The number of injured:60,000
400,000 people were left homeless400,000 people were left homeless
348,000 houses destroyed and an348,000 houses destroyed and an
additional 844,000 damagedadditional 844,000 damaged
Injured: 50,000Injured: 50,000

42. In Iran, the cyclone caused 28 deaths
and 216 million in damage (2007 USD).
Cyclone GonuCyclone Gonu ,, June 7, 2007June 7, 2007

43. 40% of world poor (500 million) live in
South Asia
40% of world poor (500 million) live in
South Asia
46% of world illiterates also belong to
South Asia.
46% of world illiterates also belong to
South Asia.
1.4 billion people of South Asia is still
growing at more than 2% per annum,
1.4 billion people of South Asia is still
growing at more than 2% per annum,
23% of world population, South Asia
produces only 1.3% of world income.
23% of world population, South Asia
produces only 1.3% of world income.
South Asia

44. During (1970-2009), 1,132 disasters have
occurred in South Asia and have killed
more than 869,000.
During (1970-2009), 1,132 disasters have
occurred in South Asia and have killed
more than 869,000.
South Asia countries: Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal,
Pakistan and Sri Lanka
South Asia countries: Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal,
Pakistan and Sri Lanka
Theses countries are very vulnerable to
natural disasters
Theses countries are very vulnerable to
natural disasters

45. Poorer countries have disproportionately higher
mortality and economic loss risks, given similar levels
of hazard exposure.
For example:
Globally, high-income countries account for 39% of
the exposure to tropical cyclones but only 1% of the
mortality risk. Low-income countries represent 13%
of the exposure but no less than 81% of the
mortality risk.

46. They can wipe out decades of development in a
matter of hours, sometimes minutes. Because
the economic impact of natural disasters hit
poor people the hardest, disaster recovery
programs may help reduce poverty,
They can wipe out decades of development in a
matter of hours, sometimes minutes. Because
the economic impact of natural disasters hit
poor people the hardest, disaster recovery
programs may help reduce poverty,
Losses from natural disasters are most
devastating to the poorest people, especially
in developing countries.
Losses from natural disasters are most
devastating to the poorest people, especially
in developing countries.
Disasters are closely linked to poverty

47. Worldwide, it is estimated that approximately
100,000 people are killed as a result of natural
disasters each year (97% from third-world
countries).
Worldwide, it is estimated that approximately
100,000 people are killed as a result of natural
disasters each year (97% from third-world
countries).
The damage from natural disasters in third-
world countries is exacerbated by mistakes
made by humans.
The damage from natural disasters in third-
world countries is exacerbated by mistakes
made by humans.
Direct losses from natural disasters are
projected to reach $300 billion annually by
the year 2050.
Direct losses from natural disasters are
projected to reach $300 billion annually by
the year 2050.

48. USA is one of the richest countries in the
world, with infrastructure throughout
much of the country that's built to
withstand severe storms and quakes.
USA is one of the richest countries in the
world, with infrastructure throughout
much of the country that's built to
withstand severe storms and quakes.
A 2004 report on
"Poverty and Disasters in the United States"
finds that :
"the poor in the U.S. are more vulnerable to
natural disasters, due to such factors as
place and type of residence, building
construction and social exclusion”

49. HurricaneHurricane
Katrina(2005)Katrina(2005)
low-income New Orleans residents down and
starving them into despair.
low-income New Orleans residents down and
starving them into despair.
Rich packed up their suitcases and headed
out of town, while impoverished residents
without access to private transportation were
left to ride out a lethal storm
Rich packed up their suitcases and headed
out of town, while impoverished residents
without access to private transportation were
left to ride out a lethal storm

50. The elderly poor were also disproportionately
affected by the disaster: 70% of the New
Orleans area's 53 nursing homes were not
evacuated before the hurricane struck.
The elderly poor were also disproportionately
affected by the disaster: 70% of the New
Orleans area's 53 nursing homes were not
evacuated before the hurricane struck.
The 100,000 who remained in the drowning
city were largely poor and predominantly
black, exposing the racial dimension of New
Orleans’s persistent poverty
The 100,000 who remained in the drowning
city were largely poor and predominantly
black, exposing the racial dimension of New
Orleans’s persistent poverty
28% of New Orleanians are poor
(twice the national average) and 84%
of those are black.
28% of New Orleanians are poor
(twice the national average) and 84%
of those are black.

51. rural unemploymentrural unemploymentrural unemploymentrural unemployment
faminefaminefaminefamine
civil warscivil warscivil warscivil wars
population growthpopulation growthpopulation growthpopulation growth
Natural disasters have hadNatural disasters have had
a disproportionately largea disproportionately large
impact on the developingimpact on the developing
world and on poor peopleworld and on poor people
within those countries, forwithin those countries, for
a variety of reasonsa variety of reasons

52. More than 90 percent of the populations of
Bangladesh, Nepal, the Dominican Republic,
Burundi, Haiti, Taiwan, Malawi, El Salvador,
and Honduras live in areas at high relative
risk of death from two or more hazards
In 1998, 90% of the victims of natural
disasters lived in in Less Developing Countries
In 1998, 90% of the victims of natural
disasters lived in in Less Developing Countries

53. Natural
disasters
Catastrophe
PoorPoor
governancegovernance
ExternalExternal
sanctionssanctions
PovertyPoverty
Foreign debtForeign debt

54. The worst natural disastersThe worst natural disasters don't intentionallydon't intentionally
seek out poor people. They just do the mostseek out poor people. They just do the most
damage to people with the fewest resources.damage to people with the fewest resources.
The worst natural disastersThe worst natural disasters don't intentionallydon't intentionally
seek out poor people. They just do the mostseek out poor people. They just do the most
damage to people with the fewest resources.damage to people with the fewest resources.

55. 8.8 Magnitude,8.8 Magnitude,
ChileChile, 2010, 2010
8.8 Magnitude,8.8 Magnitude,
ChileChile, 2010, 2010
KilledKilled 4000040000
KilledKilled 800800
6.5 Magnitude,6.5 Magnitude,
IranIran, 2003, 2003
6.5 Magnitude,6.5 Magnitude,
IranIran, 2003, 2003
KilledKilled 230000230000
7 Magnitude,7 Magnitude,
HaitiHaiti, 2010, 2010
7 Magnitude,7 Magnitude,
HaitiHaiti, 2010, 2010
The comparison of effects of
earthquake in three countries
The comparison of effects of
earthquake in three countries

56. A 6.9 MagnitudeA 6.9 Magnitude
Earthquake in 1989Earthquake in 1989
A 6.9 MagnitudeA 6.9 Magnitude
Earthquake in 1989Earthquake in 1989
KilledKilled 230000230000
peoplepeople
KilledKilled 6363
peoplepeople
The 7The 7 MagnitudeMagnitude
Earthquake in 2010Earthquake in 2010
The 7The 7 MagnitudeMagnitude
Earthquake in 2010Earthquake in 2010
ButBut
HaitiHaiti
SouthernSouthern
CaliforniaCalifornia

57. ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions
Only 11% of the people are exposed to naturalOnly 11% of the people are exposed to natural
hazards live in poor countries, but they accounthazards live in poor countries, but they account
for more than 53% of total deaths.for more than 53% of total deaths.
Only 11% of the people are exposed to naturalOnly 11% of the people are exposed to natural
hazards live in poor countries, but they accounthazards live in poor countries, but they account
for more than 53% of total deaths.for more than 53% of total deaths.

58. Earthquakes don't kill people.Earthquakes don't kill people. BuildingsBuildings
kill peoplekill people (False).(False).
Earthquakes don't kill people.Earthquakes don't kill people. BuildingsBuildings
kill peoplekill people (False).(False).
Earthquakes don't kill people.Earthquakes don't kill people. PovertyPoverty
kill peoplekill people (True).(True).
Earthquakes don't kill people.Earthquakes don't kill people. PovertyPoverty
kill peoplekill people (True).(True).
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions

59. Although, most people think the apparent reasonAlthough, most people think the apparent reason
of killing people is lack of unsafe buildings,of killing people is lack of unsafe buildings,
BUTBUT
We Believe the main reason that naturalWe Believe the main reason that natural
disasters be catastrophic, in all countries isdisasters be catastrophic, in all countries is
POVERTYPOVERTY
Although, most people think the apparent reasonAlthough, most people think the apparent reason
of killing people is lack of unsafe buildings,of killing people is lack of unsafe buildings,
BUTBUT
We Believe the main reason that naturalWe Believe the main reason that natural
disasters be catastrophic, in all countries isdisasters be catastrophic, in all countries is
POVERTYPOVERTY
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions

60. In each instance, the poor are theIn each instance, the poor are the
most deeply affected by the disastermost deeply affected by the disaster
In each instance, the poor are theIn each instance, the poor are the
most deeply affected by the disastermost deeply affected by the disaster
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions

61. Natural DisastersNatural Disasters
Developing and poor countries
Poverty
Release theRelease the
other disastersother disasters
Weak DisasterWeak Disaster
ManagementManagement
in
Due to
Losses andLosses and
DamagesDamages

62. • Infrastructure developmentInfrastructure development• Infrastructure developmentInfrastructure development
• Increasing awarenessIncreasing awareness• Increasing awarenessIncreasing awareness
• Reduce povertyReduce poverty• Reduce povertyReduce poverty
• Cooperation between regional countriesCooperation between regional countries• Cooperation between regional countriesCooperation between regional countries
• Funding organizationsFunding organizations• Funding organizationsFunding organizations
• International institutions as essential factorsInternational institutions as essential factors• International institutions as essential factorsInternational institutions as essential factors
To reduce the impact of natural disastersTo reduce the impact of natural disasters
in poor and developing countries:in poor and developing countries:
To reduce the impact of natural disastersTo reduce the impact of natural disasters
in poor and developing countries:in poor and developing countries:
• TrainingTraining• TrainingTraining
• Stop the civil warStop the civil war• Stop the civil warStop the civil war

63. • Building institutional and technical capacityBuilding institutional and technical capacity
on adaptation issueson adaptation issues
• Building institutional and technical capacityBuilding institutional and technical capacity
on adaptation issueson adaptation issues
To reduce poverty and natural disasters risk:To reduce poverty and natural disasters risk:To reduce poverty and natural disasters risk:To reduce poverty and natural disasters risk:
• Scientific research programs on climateScientific research programs on climate
change, its impacts on natural resourceschange, its impacts on natural resources
• Scientific research programs on climateScientific research programs on climate
change, its impacts on natural resourceschange, its impacts on natural resources
• Improvement of the data collection systemImprovement of the data collection system
and analysisand analysis
• Improvement of the data collection systemImprovement of the data collection system
and analysisand analysis
• Enhancing of the system of forecasting,Enhancing of the system of forecasting,
modeling and early warning on natural disastersmodeling and early warning on natural disasters
• Enhancing of the system of forecasting,Enhancing of the system of forecasting,
modeling and early warning on natural disastersmodeling and early warning on natural disasters

64. Thank you very much for
your kind attention!
Saadi.Ghaderi@yahoo.com