6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland

1. Aini,M.S
Fakhrul-Razi, A
Elistina, A.B & Norhasmah, S.
Universiti Putra Malaysia
International Disaster and Risk Conference Davos 2016, 28 August-01 September 2016

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Presentation Layout
 Background
 Objectives
 Methodology
 Findings
 Conclusion and Implication
TG TOKONGPESIARAN GURNEY

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5. Tsunami Risk Areas in Malaysia
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6. Tsunami 2004
World wide Impacts
 19 countries
 death toll of more than
250,000 lives
 51,000 others missing
and
 1.5 million people
displaced.
Malaysia
 Affected 200 km of
coastline from Perlis to
Selangor
 68 death, 6 missing, 367
injured, 10,564 people
evacuated.
 727 families required
permanent housing (561
in Penang)
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Tsunami Impact
States in Malaysia
Kota Kuala
Muda (Kedah)
Penang Langkawi Perak Selangor
Death toll 11 54 2 1
Property (RM) 10.50 0.03 2.31
Vehicles(RM) 5.76
Agriculture (RM) 0.16
Jetty (RM) 0.04 1.56
Boats (RM) 12.82 34.66 5.18
Aquaculture (RM) 13.80
Marine park (RM) 6.00
Infrastructures (RM) 2.62
Dragnet (RM) 4.33
Total (RM) in millions 33.61 50.05 16.11
(Source Ibrahim & Mazlan, 2006)

8. Consequence to Tsunami 2004
Research
 RM4 million was allocated for
Seismic and Tsunami Hazards
and Risk Study in Malaysia in
2005. Seven projects were
conducted by various
agencies.
 Formulation of tsunami
emergency plan adopting a
community- based approach
was first tried and used for the
community in Langkawi Island
Preparedness
 Malaysian National
Tsunami Early Warning
System (part of Indian Ocean
Tsunami Warning System (2006)
and the Northwest Pacific
Advisory System)
-seismic stations
-deep sea bouys
-tidal gauges
-off-shore cameras
 Tsunami public sirens
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9. 2.1 Main Aim of the Study
 The study aims to provide an integrated
tsunami emergency plan for tsunami
hazard zone in Penang using
community-based approach.
Research Grant from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, 9

10. Study Site
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2.3 Target Population
 Local residents –
 School Teachers- 228 from 6 schools
 School children – 718 from 6 schools
 Disaster Management and Relief Committee (DMRC)
members – key government responding agencies
(17 )as stipulated in Inland Major Disaster Relief and
 Management Mechanisms (Directive 20)
 Community leaders- village Head, Village Security
Committee (JKK)
 Other relevant organization- hoteliers,

12. 2.4 Multi Strategy Research
Method
 Focus group discussion
 Survey of the community
 Survey
 Workshops
 Tsunami Modelling
 Talks
 Table top exercise
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13. Deliverables
Posters
Brochures
ERP Plan for Balik
Pulau @UPM
ERP for Batu
Ferringhi@UPM
Research award
Journal & Conference
papers
3 Masters students (2
UPM & 1 Kansai
University Japan)
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3.0 Issues and Challenges
3.1 Acceptance
i. Protocols- Permission and consent
ii. Accessibility -Approach the gate keepers
iii. Trust – Assurance of impartiality
Interfacing Activities: visits, courtesy calls to national,
state and district offices, informal meetings over tea,
ice breaking gatherings

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Issues and Challenges
3.2 Centralization of Authority
i. Need approval from central authority
ii. Constraints in decision making
iii. A long time lag for consent
iv. Local Government vs National Government
v. Inter agencies communication and co-ordination

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Issues and Challenges
3.3 Personnel Commitment
i. Transfer of government personnel
ii. Clash of activities
iii. National and Local government personnel
Continuity of leadership, need for re-training of staff

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Issues and Challenges
3.4 Socio-economic variance of local residents
i. Educational background
ii. Economic status
iii. Ethnic composition
iv. Political alignment
v. Lack of knowledge in disaster management and
preparedness among the key agencies.
Utilize existing community social network, activities &
platforms – women’s group, societies (fisherman),
formal and informal leaders.
Had to provide basic knowledge and training.

19. Issues and Challenges
3.5 Adoption of the Findings
i.Not legally binding
ii.No clear mandate of responsibilities
iii.Local authority versus National agencies
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Conclusion
CBDP community-based approach where local community is
taken as the primary focus of attention in disaster reduction to
tsunami mitigation and preparedness is viable.
Full commitment and participation of the local community is
integral to its success.
The process provided opportunity for tapping traditional and
local organizational structure and mechanisms and enhancing
co-operation and understanding among different stakeholders
within the community.
The ERP developed can be duplicated for other tsunami
hazard prone areas in the country.

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Challenges to Achieving Sustained
Culture of Preparedness
 Need to understand the individual factors, motivating factors and
barriers to personal preparedness in order to design suitable social
marketing and outreach programs.
 There is a need for changes in the mindset, structure of command,
organizational arrangement and commitment from local leadership.
 Leadership for continuous monitoring, evaluation and adjustment of
plans due to changes in demography and infrastructure
development.

22. Penang-Pearl of the Orient
 Lonely Planet, the world's largest travel
guide book publisher, named Penang
as THE top food destination of 2014.
 Penang's Char Kway Teow was listed as
some of Reddit's best recommendations
and published in this Huffington Post
article titled "19 Local Delicacies You
Can't Come Home Without Trying“.
 Penang's capital
city, Georgetown placed third in US
News' list of the best exotic places to
retire in. 22

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LALUAN
SELAMAT
TSUNAMI
ZON
SELAMAT TSUNAMI