5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Integrative Risk Management - The role of science, technology & practice 24-28 August 2014 in Davos, Switzerland
1. 5th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2014 Davos - Switzerland
THU1.2: National Risk Management Approaches
The innovation of global desertification risk
governance from China’s practice
Peijun SHI Lianyou LIU Guoyi HAN
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology
Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, MOE
Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management MOCA &MOE
Sweden Stockholm Environment Institute
Beijing Normal University
(spj@bnu.edu.cn)
2. 1 Aeolian Precesses and Blown-sand Disasters in China
2 Control Techniques & Practices and
Sustainability paradigm of Sandy Region in China
3 Implications of Sandy Desertification Change in China
4 China’s Remarks from the way for Prevention and Control
of Desertification in HFA2
17. The Air Pollution Index Affected by Dust Storms in Beijing, 2002
Air Pollution Index
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1月1日
2月1日
3月1日
4月1日
5月1日
6月1日
7月1日
8月1日
9月1日
10月1日
11月1日
12月1日
500
400
300
200
100
0
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Month
Air Pollution by Dust Emission, Transportation and Sedimentation
18. 2 Control Techniques & Practices and
Sustainability paradigm of Sandy Region in China
19. 2.1. Control Techniques and Practices
Mechanical dune fixation
Chemical dune fixation
Plantation sand fixation
28. 2.2. Sustainability paradigm of Sandy Region in China
Industry Development Based on Ecosystem Service
Capacity, Ecosystem Restoration Based on Industry
Development Principle
Optimized Eco-productive Paradigm
Regional Patterns for Combating Sandification
29. The land use mode is adjusted from“small area ecological
construction and large area production develop in” to “large area
ecological construction but small area production developing”.It
is not only simply converting farmland for forestry and pasture,
but also the transition of production mode, adjustment of land use
mode.
Four eco-industrial patterns are capital region,
farming-stockfarming region,
steppe region and
desert-oasis region
30. Four eco-industrial patterns for
Combating Sandification in China
capital region
steppe region
farming-stockfarming region
desert-oasis region
31. 3.Implications of Sandy Desertification Change in China
3.1 Drying andWarming Trends in the Sandy Desertification Areas
Rainfall Contrast between Northeastern and Northwestern China
A FastWarming Trend in the North of China
Decrease of surface wind in Northern China
32. Distribution of Temperature Tendency (1960-
2010)
Distribution of temperature tendency values in China (1961–2010)
33. Distribution of Precipitation Tendency
(1960-2010)
Distribution of precipitation tendency values in China (1961–2010)
34. Vam (m s-1)
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Annual mean wind speed (Vam) in northern China since 1960
35. qs (t m-1 a-1)
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Annual potential sand transport flux (qs) in northern China since 1960
36. 3.Implications of Sandy Desertification Change in China
3.2 Human Proactive Responses Played the Main Role
Growing Population Pressure on Land
Significant Rural Depopulation
Overgrazing on grassland still exist
The Government Purchased Vegetation Construction in Sandy Desertification Area
Great Motivation of Ecological Industrial Engineering on Sandy Desertification Control
37. Rpg (‰)
Population growth rate (Rpg) in China since 1949
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
38. Number of livestock (million))
40
30
20
10
0
1950
1955
19 60
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
19 95
20 00
Livestock growth in northern China since 1949
39. Areas of sandy desertified land in northern China since 1994
Years
(Source: Office to combat desertification of China)
Total area of
desertified
lands (million
km2)
Total area of
sandy desertified
lands (million
km2)
Trend
2009 2.624 1.7311
2004 2.636 1.7397
1999 2.674 1.7431
1994 2.622 1.7259
41. Government investment in five key forestry and desertification control programs in China
Key Projects
Gevernment
investment (X
108 Yuan)
Chief benefit of different projects
3NSDP
1978-2010
128 26.47 million ha of afforestation land
CCFP
2002-2010
2332 9.26 million ha of cropland was converted into forest land
NFPP
2000-2010
784 forest area increased by 14.00 million ha, timber production reduced by 220 million m3
SSCP
2001-2010
412 6 million ha of cropland was returned to forest
GBGRP
2003-2010
203
518.66 million ha of grassland was protected with fence and 12.40 million ha of severe degraded
grassland was reseeded
Five key forestry and sandy desertification control programs are as follows: the Three North Shelterbelt
Development Program (3NSDP), the Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program (CCFP), the Natural Forest
Protection Program (NFPP), the Sand Source Control Program in the vicinity of Beijing and Tianjin (SSCP), and the
Grazing Ban for Grassland Restoration Program (GBGRP).
42. 4. China’s Remarks from the way for Prevention and
Control of Desertification in HFA2
China's success is rooted in that
government attaches great importance to ecological construction; put the
prevention and control of desertification as the core mission of ecological construction;
adhere to the construction of the Great Green Wall (including north, northeast, northwest of
China region);
pay attention to the sand source control;
keep co-governance between governments and local peasants, herdsmen;
adhere to the path of ecological construction --"Industrialization of Ecological
Construction, Ecologization of Industrial Construction ","Most areas focus on ecology, small
areas focus on production".
China's strategic countermeasures to prevention desertification risk should integrate global
climate change adaptation with combating desertification together, strengthen the unity of
carbon-sinks and discharge reduction, properly master the relationship of artificial harness
and ecological self-recovery, improve the mechanism through alliance of government,
companies and social investments.
It could be valuable for the prevention and control of desertification in the world.