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Datums and Tools to Connect
 Geospatial Data Accurately
                Pamela Fromhertz
          Colorado State Geodetic Advisor
             National Geodetic Survey
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration




 GIS in the Rockies   September 20, 2012   Denver, CO
Agenda
•   Datums
•   GPS - Accuracy
•   NGS - National Spatial Reference System
•   MetaData
•   Tools
    – DS-World
    – CORS
    – OPUS
• New Datums
NGS Advisor Program
Datums




A mathematical and geometric concept that
serves as a foundation or starting point for
mapping, surveying, engineering based on
realization of actual geospatial data points.
Geodetic Reference Surfaces


          A beachball globe




          Mathematical best fit to Earth’s surface…
            used for defining Latitude and Longitude




          Modeled best fit to “sea surface”
            equipotential gravity field
            used for defining Elevation
Geodetic Datums
                       Horizontal
 2-D (Latitude and Longitude) (e.g. NAD 27, NAD 83 (1986))


              Vertical/Geopotential
1-D (Orthometric Height) (e.g. NGVD 29, NAVD 88, Local Tidal)


                       Geometric
        3-D (Latitude, Longitude and Ellipsoid Height)
     Fixed and Stable(?) - Coordinates seldom change
           (e.g. NAD 83 (1993), NAD 83 (2007))

                             also

     4-D (Latitude, Longitude, Ellipsoid Height, Velocities)
                Coordinates change with time
               (e.g. NAD 83, ITRF00, ITRF05)
GPS Receiver Grades
• Recreational Grade
      – $100-$1000             1-10 meters


• Mapping
      – $2,000-$6,000          submeter - 3 meter


• Survey Grade
      – $10,000 +              5mm – 2 cm



2010 May 11             Federal Geospatial Summit   14
Autonomous GPS Accuracy

25 hrs @ 1 fix/15 sec = 6,000 fixes

Mean Fix: 0.8m @ 212 deg

50% of fixes w/in 1.8m
68% of fixes w/in 2.4m                                         6.3 meters
                                                         5.0
95% of fixes w/in 4.2m                             3.8
99% of fixes w/in 5.7m                          2.5
                                          1.3

                                      *
Accuracy



           Precision
U.S. Department of Commerce
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
        National Geodetic Survey
 Mission: To define, maintain & provide access to the
   National Spatial Reference System (NSRS)
to meet our Nation’s economic, social & environmental
                        needs

         National Spatial Reference System

              •Latitude         •Scale
              •Longitude        •Gravity
              •Height           •Orientation
                 & their time variations
The NSRS Supports
     Nautical charts, among many other geospatial applications
          National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

      Flood zones for the National Flood Insurance Program
                Emergency Response Imagery
             Federal Emergency Management Agency

Levee Safety Program to determine levee heights and positions
             United States Army Corps of Engineers

    Topographic Maps and interior water data for the nation
                  United States Geological Survey

     NSRS gravity data for the geospatial mission of NGA
             National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency


              Aeronautical Data Quality Assurance
                 Federal Aviation Administration
The NSRS has evolved
        1 Million            70,000
        Monuments            Passive Marks
        (Separate           (3-Dimensional)
        Horizontal and
        Vertical
        Systems)




  Passive Marks              1,800+ CORS
                             (Time Dependent
  (Limited Knowledge        System Possible;
  of Stability)
                             4-Dimensional)




    GPS CORS                GNSS CORS
NGS
     National Spatial Reference System(NSRS)
                  Improvements
                  TIME         NETWORK                      LOCAL
NETWORK           SPAN         ACCURACY                    ACCURACY

NAD 27            1927-1986    10 meter s               (1 part in 100,000)

NAD83(86)         1986-1990    1 meter                  (1 part in 100,000)

NAD83(199x)*      1990-2007    0.1 meter       B-order (1 part in 1 million)
  HARN                                         A-order (1 part in 10 million)

NAD83(NSRS2007) 2007 - 2011 0.01 meter                   0.01 meter
  (CORS)
NAD83(NSRS2007) 2011 -      0.01 meter                   0.01 meter
  (CORS)
                 * CO was completed and adjusted in 1992
Accurate positioning begins
      with accurate coordinates
 Geodetic control (the NSRS) is the
   foundation for all geospatial
             products.
  Without Geodetic Control as a “base map”
layer, GIS applications will not work properly




                                        Source: Zurich-American Insurance Group
Same point
different datum's = different lat/long’s


                1000 m radius
 COMET           500 m radius




 Flagpole
 NAD83
Datum Differences
NAD 27 – NAD 83
Datum Difference
NGVD 29 – NAVD 88
-1.18 ft to +1.28 ft
2012 PLSC Track, Datums and tools to connect geospatial data accurately, Pamela Fromhertz
2011 US Topo Map




           Slide by John Kosovich, USGS
Are NAD 83 & WGS 84 The
           Same?
            NO
 but for your application is it significant?
 If requirements are greater than 3m
              then Yes
If requirements are less than 3m then
                  No
   Federal Register Notice: Vol. 60, No. 157, August 15, 1995, pg. 42146
       “Use of NAD 83/WGS 84 Datum Tag on Mapping Products”
State Plane Coordinates
   State plane coordinates are the
projection of latitudes and longitudes




To a flat mapping surface that is usually
           defined by state law
Plane Coordinate Conversion Tools
State Plane Coordinates
GPPCGP (NAD 27 only)
SPCS83 (NAD 83 only)
http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/spc.shtml

UTM
UTMS (Both NAD 27 & NAD 83)
http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/utm.shtml



Both
CORPSCON (Both NAD 27 & NAD 83)
http://crunch.tec.army.mil/software/corpscon/corpscon.html

                  www.ngs.noaa.gov
                 www.geodesy.noaa.gov
Height Modernization

                           Height
                        Modernization
                           -faster
                          -cheaper




Differential Leveling
 (Orthometric HT)
                                        GNSS
                                   (Ellipsoid Ht)
Ellipsoid, Geoid, and
             Orthometric Heights
H = Orthometric Height (leveling)
h = Ellipsoidal Height (GPS)
                                                H =h-N
N = Geoid Height (model)

                                    h (NAD83)       TOPOGRAPHIC
                   (NAVD88) H                       SURFACE

                                     N
                                         Geoid Height
                    Geoid
                                          (GEOID09)
       Ellipsoid
Ellipsoid, Geoid, and
             Orthometric Heights
H = Orthometric Height (leveling)
h = Ellipsoidal Height (GPS)
                                                H =h-N
N = Geoid Height (model)

                                    h (NAD83)       TOPOGRAPHIC
                    (NAVD88) H                      SURFACE

                                     N
                                         Geoid Height
                     Geoid
                                          (GEOID09)
       Ellipsoid

                   TRANSPORTATION
                   1660.6 = 1643.354 – (-17.23*) METERS
                   1660.6 = 1643.4 + 17.2
                                                        *56.53 feet
Exaggerated view of the
Earths Gravity Measure
Gravity for the Redefinition of the
American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D)
               • GRAV-D means fast, accurate,
                 consistent orthometric heights
                 everywhere in the USA
               • GPS already gives fast accurate
                 ellipsoid heights
               • If the geoid were modeled (and
                 monitored) to highest accuracy…
               • Voila… Fast, accurate orthometric
                 heights, anywhere, anytime
               • No need to use leveling to “bring
               in the datum”
Gravity for the Redefinition of the
American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D)
                • Replace the Vertical Datum of
                  the USA by 2022 (at today’s
                  funding) with a gravimetric
                  geoid accurate to 1 cm
                • Orthometric heights accessed
                  via GNSS accurate to 2 cm
                • Three components of project:
                  – Airborne gravity survey of
                    entire country and its holdings
                  – Long-term monitoring of geoid
                    change
                  – Partnership surveys
                     Gravity and Heights are
                      inseparably connected
Building a Gravity Field
                          Long Wavelengths:
                             (≥ 350 km)


GRACE and GOCE (not shown)       +


                      Intermediate Wavelengths
                          (500 km to 20 km)
   Airborne Measurement          +



                          Short Wavelengths
                             (< 100 km)
   Surface Measurement
                                                 41
GRAV-D Update
          Alaska FY10-13                       West Coast FY11




                           FY10   =   Green
                           FY11   =   Blue
                           FY12   =   Orange
                           FY13   =   White
    Great Lakes FY11-13                        FY12 Texas




                                                                 42
January 23, 2012
For instance:

 What is the Source of the Data?
 What is the Datum/Adjustment Epoch?
 What are the Field Conditions?
 What Equipment was used, especially
  what Antenna?
 What firmware was in the receiver and
  collector?
 What redundancy, if any, was used?
Legislation for NAD 83 and units




  *




      Utah is now a U.S. Survey Foot State(Blue)
“DSWorld”
          Software Program

• Highly rated new NGS software tool

• Developed to search the NGS database

• Easy to learn/use

• Multiple search options available

• Displays search results using Google Earth
Geodetic Control




Triangles – Horizontal Control   Blue – First Order
Squares – Vertical Control       Red – Second Order
Triangles – Horizontal Control
     Black - Third Order
Datasheets     Recovery
Photos         Directions
Descriptions
Direct Access to the NGS Datasheet
2010 May 11   Federal Geospatial Summit   50
2010 May 11   Federal Geospatial Summit   51
DSWorld opening screen
Where do you get DS-World?
2012 PLSC Track, Datums and tools to connect geospatial data accurately, Pamela Fromhertz
2012 PLSC Track, Datums and tools to connect geospatial data accurately, Pamela Fromhertz
OPUS
    Online Positioning User Service
•   OPUS   –   S (2 hrs)
•   OPUS   –   RS (15 minutes)
•   OPUS   –   DB (Publish)
•   OPUS   –   Projects (Network)
4,000++ OPUS-Published Solutions
            April 2012
NGS Data Sheets
 Traditional       New
blue booking     OPUS-DB
OPUS Submission Webpage



                 Your email address

                 Location of your data file

                            Your antenna type

              Antenna height
        Customize your solution - details on next slide
2012 PLSC Track, Datums and tools to connect geospatial data accurately, Pamela Fromhertz
Introducing…
          NAD 83(2011) epoch 2010.00
•   Multi-Year CORS Solution (MYCS)
    – Reprocessed all CORS GPS data Jan 1994-Apr
      2011
    – 2264 CORS & global stations
    – NAD 83 computed by transformation from IGS08



•   National Adjustment of 2011 (NA2011)
    – New adjustment of GNSS passive control
    – GNSS vectors tied (and constrained) to CORS
      NAD 83(2011) epoch 2010.00
    – Approximately 80,000 stations and
      more than 400,000 GNSS vectors
Changes in Horizontal NAD 83 Positions
                     Different Epochs
          NAD 83(2011) epoch 2010.0 – NAD 83(CORS96) epoch 2002.0




                     ID+MT+ND+S
WA+OR                                                       East
                        D+WY
4.4E,5N                                               1.4E, -0.2N cm
                     1.7E,0.5N cm
  cm




     CA+NV
  10.8E, 14.4N
      cm
                       UT+CO+N
                         M+AZ
                       0.5E,1.0N
                          cm
Changes in Horizontal NAD 83 Positions
            Same Epoch
    NAD 83(2011) epoch 2002.00 – NAD 83(CORS96) epoch 2002.00
CONUS Secondary
                  Alaska



Pacific
(MA11)




                           CONUS Primary
          Pacific (PA11)
2012 PLSC Track, Datums and tools to connect geospatial data accurately, Pamela Fromhertz
2012 PLSC Track, Datums and tools to connect geospatial data accurately, Pamela Fromhertz
NAD 83(2011/PA11/MA11) epoch
            2010.00
Passive control results summary
• Station network accuracies (95% confidence)
  – Overall median: 0.9 cm horiz, 1.5 cm height
    • 90% < 2.3 cm horizontal and 4.8 cm ellipsoid
      height
  – Median accuracies by network
    •   CONUS Primary:     0.7   cm   horiz,   1.2   cm   height
    •   CONUS Secondary:   1.6   cm   horiz,   3.4   cm   height
    •   Alaska:            3.2   cm   horiz,   5.7   cm   height
    •   Pacific (PA11):    2.2   cm   horiz,   5.0   cm   height
    •   Pacific (MA11):    1.8   cm   horiz,   3.8   cm   height
NAD 83(2011/PA11/MA11) epoch
            2010.00
Passive control results summary
• Station coordinate and height changes
  – Overall median: 1.9 cm horiz, 2.1 cm height
    • 97% changed < 5 cm horizontally and vertically
  – Median accuracies by network
    •   CONUS :           1.9   cm   horiz,   2.1   cm   height
    •   Alaska:           6.3   cm   horiz,   2.8   cm   height
    •   Pacific (PA11):   2.1   cm   horiz,   2.3   cm   height
    •   Pacific (MA11):   2.5   cm   horiz,   6.8   cm   height
National Geodetic Survey
            Ten+Year Plan

• Official NGS policy as
  of January 2008
• Replace NAVD 88 with
  a GPS/geoid datum
• Replace NAD 83 with
  a geocentric GPS
  based datum
• New 10 Year Plan for
  2013
2012 PLSC Track, Datums and tools to connect geospatial data accurately, Pamela Fromhertz
New Vertical Datum
   (Outcome)
How to Plan for the Future
• Use most recent realization of NAD 83
• Move away from passive marks to GNSS
• Move off of NGVD 29 to NAVD 88
  – Understand the accuracy of VERTCON in your area

• Collect OPUS-DB on NAVD 88 bench
• Require/provide complete metadata for all
  survey/mapping contracts
  – How did they get the positions/heights?
  – Survey Manual/Spatial Data Accuracy and Georeferencing
    Standards
NGS Training Center




Webinars!

            http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/corbin/
More information…
NGS Home Page: http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov
                  geodesy.noaa.gov
CORS Webpage: http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/
  CORS newsletter
OPUS Webpage: http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/

Find Your Advisor:
www.ngs.noaa.gov/ADVISORS/AdvisorsIndex.shtml


This presentation will be uploaded to:
http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/web/science_edu/presentations_archive/


FAQs on the various webpages
Federal Geospatial Summit   82
2010 May 11   Federal Geospatial Summit   83
Questions
 GOOD COORDINATION BEGINS WITH
       GOOD COORDINATES




GEOGRAPHY WITHOUT GEODESY IS A FELONY

 pamela.fromhertz@noaa.gov
 303-202-4082
 240-988-6363

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2012 PLSC Track, Datums and tools to connect geospatial data accurately, Pamela Fromhertz

  • 1. Datums and Tools to Connect Geospatial Data Accurately Pamela Fromhertz Colorado State Geodetic Advisor National Geodetic Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration GIS in the Rockies September 20, 2012 Denver, CO
  • 2. Agenda • Datums • GPS - Accuracy • NGS - National Spatial Reference System • MetaData • Tools – DS-World – CORS – OPUS • New Datums
  • 4. Datums A mathematical and geometric concept that serves as a foundation or starting point for mapping, surveying, engineering based on realization of actual geospatial data points.
  • 5. Geodetic Reference Surfaces A beachball globe Mathematical best fit to Earth’s surface… used for defining Latitude and Longitude Modeled best fit to “sea surface” equipotential gravity field used for defining Elevation
  • 6. Geodetic Datums Horizontal 2-D (Latitude and Longitude) (e.g. NAD 27, NAD 83 (1986)) Vertical/Geopotential 1-D (Orthometric Height) (e.g. NGVD 29, NAVD 88, Local Tidal) Geometric 3-D (Latitude, Longitude and Ellipsoid Height) Fixed and Stable(?) - Coordinates seldom change (e.g. NAD 83 (1993), NAD 83 (2007)) also 4-D (Latitude, Longitude, Ellipsoid Height, Velocities) Coordinates change with time (e.g. NAD 83, ITRF00, ITRF05)
  • 7. GPS Receiver Grades • Recreational Grade – $100-$1000 1-10 meters • Mapping – $2,000-$6,000 submeter - 3 meter • Survey Grade – $10,000 + 5mm – 2 cm 2010 May 11 Federal Geospatial Summit 14
  • 8. Autonomous GPS Accuracy 25 hrs @ 1 fix/15 sec = 6,000 fixes Mean Fix: 0.8m @ 212 deg 50% of fixes w/in 1.8m 68% of fixes w/in 2.4m 6.3 meters 5.0 95% of fixes w/in 4.2m 3.8 99% of fixes w/in 5.7m 2.5 1.3 *
  • 9. Accuracy Precision
  • 10. U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration National Geodetic Survey Mission: To define, maintain & provide access to the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) to meet our Nation’s economic, social & environmental needs National Spatial Reference System •Latitude •Scale •Longitude •Gravity •Height •Orientation & their time variations
  • 11. The NSRS Supports Nautical charts, among many other geospatial applications National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Flood zones for the National Flood Insurance Program Emergency Response Imagery Federal Emergency Management Agency Levee Safety Program to determine levee heights and positions United States Army Corps of Engineers Topographic Maps and interior water data for the nation United States Geological Survey NSRS gravity data for the geospatial mission of NGA National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Aeronautical Data Quality Assurance Federal Aviation Administration
  • 12. The NSRS has evolved 1 Million 70,000 Monuments Passive Marks (Separate  (3-Dimensional) Horizontal and Vertical Systems) Passive Marks 1,800+ CORS (Time Dependent (Limited Knowledge  System Possible; of Stability) 4-Dimensional) GPS CORS  GNSS CORS
  • 13. NGS National Spatial Reference System(NSRS) Improvements TIME NETWORK LOCAL NETWORK SPAN ACCURACY ACCURACY NAD 27 1927-1986 10 meter s (1 part in 100,000) NAD83(86) 1986-1990 1 meter (1 part in 100,000) NAD83(199x)* 1990-2007 0.1 meter B-order (1 part in 1 million) HARN A-order (1 part in 10 million) NAD83(NSRS2007) 2007 - 2011 0.01 meter 0.01 meter (CORS) NAD83(NSRS2007) 2011 - 0.01 meter 0.01 meter (CORS) * CO was completed and adjusted in 1992
  • 14. Accurate positioning begins with accurate coordinates Geodetic control (the NSRS) is the foundation for all geospatial products. Without Geodetic Control as a “base map” layer, GIS applications will not work properly Source: Zurich-American Insurance Group
  • 15. Same point different datum's = different lat/long’s 1000 m radius COMET 500 m radius Flagpole NAD83
  • 18. -1.18 ft to +1.28 ft
  • 20. 2011 US Topo Map Slide by John Kosovich, USGS
  • 21. Are NAD 83 & WGS 84 The Same? NO but for your application is it significant? If requirements are greater than 3m then Yes If requirements are less than 3m then No Federal Register Notice: Vol. 60, No. 157, August 15, 1995, pg. 42146 “Use of NAD 83/WGS 84 Datum Tag on Mapping Products”
  • 22. State Plane Coordinates State plane coordinates are the projection of latitudes and longitudes To a flat mapping surface that is usually defined by state law
  • 23. Plane Coordinate Conversion Tools State Plane Coordinates GPPCGP (NAD 27 only) SPCS83 (NAD 83 only) http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/spc.shtml UTM UTMS (Both NAD 27 & NAD 83) http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/utm.shtml Both CORPSCON (Both NAD 27 & NAD 83) http://crunch.tec.army.mil/software/corpscon/corpscon.html www.ngs.noaa.gov www.geodesy.noaa.gov
  • 24. Height Modernization Height Modernization -faster -cheaper Differential Leveling (Orthometric HT) GNSS (Ellipsoid Ht)
  • 25. Ellipsoid, Geoid, and Orthometric Heights H = Orthometric Height (leveling) h = Ellipsoidal Height (GPS) H =h-N N = Geoid Height (model) h (NAD83) TOPOGRAPHIC (NAVD88) H SURFACE N Geoid Height Geoid (GEOID09) Ellipsoid
  • 26. Ellipsoid, Geoid, and Orthometric Heights H = Orthometric Height (leveling) h = Ellipsoidal Height (GPS) H =h-N N = Geoid Height (model) h (NAD83) TOPOGRAPHIC (NAVD88) H SURFACE N Geoid Height Geoid (GEOID09) Ellipsoid TRANSPORTATION 1660.6 = 1643.354 – (-17.23*) METERS 1660.6 = 1643.4 + 17.2 *56.53 feet
  • 27. Exaggerated view of the Earths Gravity Measure
  • 28. Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) • GRAV-D means fast, accurate, consistent orthometric heights everywhere in the USA • GPS already gives fast accurate ellipsoid heights • If the geoid were modeled (and monitored) to highest accuracy… • Voila… Fast, accurate orthometric heights, anywhere, anytime • No need to use leveling to “bring in the datum”
  • 29. Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) • Replace the Vertical Datum of the USA by 2022 (at today’s funding) with a gravimetric geoid accurate to 1 cm • Orthometric heights accessed via GNSS accurate to 2 cm • Three components of project: – Airborne gravity survey of entire country and its holdings – Long-term monitoring of geoid change – Partnership surveys Gravity and Heights are inseparably connected
  • 30. Building a Gravity Field Long Wavelengths: (≥ 350 km) GRACE and GOCE (not shown) + Intermediate Wavelengths (500 km to 20 km) Airborne Measurement + Short Wavelengths (< 100 km) Surface Measurement 41
  • 31. GRAV-D Update Alaska FY10-13 West Coast FY11 FY10 = Green FY11 = Blue FY12 = Orange FY13 = White Great Lakes FY11-13 FY12 Texas 42 January 23, 2012
  • 32. For instance:  What is the Source of the Data?  What is the Datum/Adjustment Epoch?  What are the Field Conditions?  What Equipment was used, especially what Antenna?  What firmware was in the receiver and collector?  What redundancy, if any, was used?
  • 33. Legislation for NAD 83 and units * Utah is now a U.S. Survey Foot State(Blue)
  • 34. “DSWorld” Software Program • Highly rated new NGS software tool • Developed to search the NGS database • Easy to learn/use • Multiple search options available • Displays search results using Google Earth
  • 35. Geodetic Control Triangles – Horizontal Control Blue – First Order Squares – Vertical Control Red – Second Order
  • 36. Triangles – Horizontal Control Black - Third Order
  • 37. Datasheets Recovery Photos Directions Descriptions
  • 38. Direct Access to the NGS Datasheet
  • 39. 2010 May 11 Federal Geospatial Summit 50
  • 40. 2010 May 11 Federal Geospatial Summit 51
  • 42. Where do you get DS-World?
  • 45. OPUS Online Positioning User Service • OPUS – S (2 hrs) • OPUS – RS (15 minutes) • OPUS – DB (Publish) • OPUS – Projects (Network)
  • 47. NGS Data Sheets Traditional New blue booking OPUS-DB
  • 48. OPUS Submission Webpage Your email address Location of your data file Your antenna type Antenna height Customize your solution - details on next slide
  • 50. Introducing… NAD 83(2011) epoch 2010.00 • Multi-Year CORS Solution (MYCS) – Reprocessed all CORS GPS data Jan 1994-Apr 2011 – 2264 CORS & global stations – NAD 83 computed by transformation from IGS08 • National Adjustment of 2011 (NA2011) – New adjustment of GNSS passive control – GNSS vectors tied (and constrained) to CORS NAD 83(2011) epoch 2010.00 – Approximately 80,000 stations and more than 400,000 GNSS vectors
  • 51. Changes in Horizontal NAD 83 Positions Different Epochs NAD 83(2011) epoch 2010.0 – NAD 83(CORS96) epoch 2002.0 ID+MT+ND+S WA+OR East D+WY 4.4E,5N 1.4E, -0.2N cm 1.7E,0.5N cm cm CA+NV 10.8E, 14.4N cm UT+CO+N M+AZ 0.5E,1.0N cm
  • 52. Changes in Horizontal NAD 83 Positions Same Epoch NAD 83(2011) epoch 2002.00 – NAD 83(CORS96) epoch 2002.00
  • 53. CONUS Secondary Alaska Pacific (MA11) CONUS Primary Pacific (PA11)
  • 56. NAD 83(2011/PA11/MA11) epoch 2010.00 Passive control results summary • Station network accuracies (95% confidence) – Overall median: 0.9 cm horiz, 1.5 cm height • 90% < 2.3 cm horizontal and 4.8 cm ellipsoid height – Median accuracies by network • CONUS Primary: 0.7 cm horiz, 1.2 cm height • CONUS Secondary: 1.6 cm horiz, 3.4 cm height • Alaska: 3.2 cm horiz, 5.7 cm height • Pacific (PA11): 2.2 cm horiz, 5.0 cm height • Pacific (MA11): 1.8 cm horiz, 3.8 cm height
  • 57. NAD 83(2011/PA11/MA11) epoch 2010.00 Passive control results summary • Station coordinate and height changes – Overall median: 1.9 cm horiz, 2.1 cm height • 97% changed < 5 cm horizontally and vertically – Median accuracies by network • CONUS : 1.9 cm horiz, 2.1 cm height • Alaska: 6.3 cm horiz, 2.8 cm height • Pacific (PA11): 2.1 cm horiz, 2.3 cm height • Pacific (MA11): 2.5 cm horiz, 6.8 cm height
  • 58. National Geodetic Survey Ten+Year Plan • Official NGS policy as of January 2008 • Replace NAVD 88 with a GPS/geoid datum • Replace NAD 83 with a geocentric GPS based datum • New 10 Year Plan for 2013
  • 60. New Vertical Datum (Outcome)
  • 61. How to Plan for the Future • Use most recent realization of NAD 83 • Move away from passive marks to GNSS • Move off of NGVD 29 to NAVD 88 – Understand the accuracy of VERTCON in your area • Collect OPUS-DB on NAVD 88 bench • Require/provide complete metadata for all survey/mapping contracts – How did they get the positions/heights? – Survey Manual/Spatial Data Accuracy and Georeferencing Standards
  • 62. NGS Training Center Webinars! http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/corbin/
  • 63. More information… NGS Home Page: http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov geodesy.noaa.gov CORS Webpage: http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/ CORS newsletter OPUS Webpage: http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/ Find Your Advisor: www.ngs.noaa.gov/ADVISORS/AdvisorsIndex.shtml This presentation will be uploaded to: http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/web/science_edu/presentations_archive/ FAQs on the various webpages
  • 65. 2010 May 11 Federal Geospatial Summit 83
  • 66. Questions GOOD COORDINATION BEGINS WITH GOOD COORDINATES GEOGRAPHY WITHOUT GEODESY IS A FELONY pamela.fromhertz@noaa.gov 303-202-4082 240-988-6363