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Past Continuous
(Αόριστος Διαρκείας)
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
NOW
Past Continuous
Vs
Present Continuous
IT’S A TIE!
Past Continuous
Vs
Past Simple
IT’S A TIE! AGAIN!
Past Continuous
how to use it
 To describe an action that was happening in the past
I was driving
 To describe two actions that were happening in the past at the same
time
I was talking on the phone while I was driving
 To describe an action that was happening in the past and was
interrupted by another (in the Past Simple Tense)
I was talking on the phone when I had an accident
Past Continuous
formation
 I was
 You were
 He was
 She was
 It was
 We were
 You were
 They were
Past Continuous
formation (affirmative)
 I was talking
 You were talking
 He was talking
 She was talking
 It was talking
 We were talking
 You were talking
 They were talking
Past Continuous
formation (negative)
 I wasn’t talking
 You weren’t talking
 He wasn’t talking
 She wasn’t talking
 It wasn’t talking
 We weren’t talking
 You weren’t talking
 They weren’t talking
Past Continuous
formation (interrogative)
 Was I talking ?
 Were you talking ?
 Was he talking ?
 Was she talking ?
 Was it talking ?
 Were we talking ?
 Were you talking ?
 Were they talking ?
Past Continuous
Key Words
while (ενώ / καθώς)
I was talking while I was driving
While I was driving, I was talking
as (ενώ / καθώς)
I was talking while I was driving
While I was driving, I was talking
when (όταν)
I was driving and talking on the phone when I had the accident
Past Continuous
adding -ing to a verb (1/3)
walk walking
draw drawing
sleep sleeping
come coming
write writing
smoke smoking
Past Continuous
adding -ing to a verb (2/3)
run running
cut cutting
shut shutting
begin beginning
swim swimming
open opening
travel traveling … & travelling!
Past Continuous
adding -ing to a verb (3/3)
tie tying
lie lying
die dying
play playing
cry crying
Past Continuous
it sounds great in songs, too!
Past Continuous
and
have a nice day!

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Ergasia 3 ppt_past_continuous

Editor's Notes

  1. Ο Past Continuous χρησιμοποιείται για να μιλήσουμε για «πράξεις» που γινόταν / εξελισσόταν στο παρελθόν, με άλλα λόγια θα πρέπει να είχαν κάποια διάρκεια (π.χ. κοιμόμουν, έτρωγα, μιλούσα στο τηλέφωνο).   Ενδέχεται να μιλάμε για μία πράξη που συνέβαινε στο παρελθόν ή για περισσότερες που συμβαίναν παράλληλα η μία με την άλλη χωρίς να υπάρχει απαραίτητα κάποια σχέση / συνάφεια μεταξύ τους ή να ταυτίζονται χρονικά με απόλυτη ακρίβεια (π.χ. Ο Νίκος κοιμόταν στο δωμάτιό του ενώ ο Γιάννης έτρωγε πρωινό καθώς η τηλεόραση στο σαλόνι έπαιζε και έδειχνε την κίνηση στους δρόμους που αυξανόταν).
  2. Ουσιαστικά πρόκειται για έναν χρόνο αντίστοιχο με τον Present Continuous αλλά για το παρελθόν. Οι ομοιότητές τους είναι κυρίως «εμφανισιακές» (στον τρόπο που σχηματίζονται) και σε καμία περίπτωση δεν έχουν ανταγωνιστική σχέση μεταξύ τους (π.χ. Ο Νίκος κοιμάται, Ο Γιάννης τρώει, Η Μαίρη μιλάει στο τηλέφωνο Vs Ο Νίκος κοιμόταν, Ο Γιάννης έτρωγε, η Μαίρη μιλούσε στο τηλέφωνο). Όπως ο Present Continuous χρησιμοποιείται για να μιλήσουμε / περιγράψουμε «πράξεις» που συμβαίνουν τώρα, έτσι χρησιμοποιείται και ο Past Continuous για το παρελθόν. Πιο απλά μπορούμε να πούμε πως είναι αντίστοιχος με τον παρατατικό στα Ελληνικά με την διαφορά ότι δεν έχει τόσο πολύ την έννοια της επανάληψης (για πράξεις που επαναλαμβάνονταν στο παρελθόν, προτιμούμε το “used to”).
  3. Ούτε με τον Past Simple έχει κάτι να χωρίσει ο Past Continuous.   O Past Simple χρησιμοποιείται για «πράξεις» που συνέβησαν μια στιγμή στο παρελθόν (τελείωσαν και ξέρουμε ακριβώς πότε έγιναν). Και ο Past Continuous για «πράξεις» που είχαν διάρκεια. Με αυτή την έννοια οι δύο χρόνοι είναι αντίθετοι μεταξύ τους, όσο αντίθετοι μπορούν να είναι δυο χρόνοι που αναφέρονται αμφότεροι στο παρελθόν. Συμβαίνει όμως συχνά, όπως θα δούμε στην συνέχεια, οι δρόμοι τους να διασταυρώνονται (π.χ. κοιμήθηκα, έφαγα, μίλησα Vs κοιμόμουν, έτρωγα, μιλούσα).
  4. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, ο Past Continuous χρησιμοποιείται για μία πράξη που συνέβαινε για δύο (ή περισσότερες) πράξεις που συνέβαιναν παράλληλα για μία πράξη που συνέβαινε και διακόπηκε από μία άλλη (η οποία μπαίνει υποχρεωτικά) σε Past Simple.
  5. Ο Past Continuous σχηματίζεται με το ρήμα to be στον αόριστο και ένα ρήμα με κατάληξη –ing. Φυσικά, όπως σχεδόν πάντα στα Αγγλικά, δεν γίνεται να απουσιάζει το υποκείμενο. Όλα αυτά (ρήμα to be στο Αόριστο, ρήμα και κατάληξη –ing) είναι απαραίτητα για να σχηματιστεί ο Past Continuous. Αν λείπει κάτι από αυτά η πρότασή μας δεν είναι σωστή (π.χ. *was travelling, *I travelling, *I was travel).
  6. Πολλή προσοχή στο δεύτερο ενικό πρόσωπο “You were”. Ρήματα για σύντομη εξοικείωση/εξάσκηση: walk, drink, listen to music, read, eat.
  7. Η άρνηση σχηματίζεται με την άρνηση του ρήματος to be, wasn’t/weren’t (was not, were not) συν το ρήμα με κατάληξη -ing. Ρήματα για σύντομη εξοικείωση/εξάσκηση στην άρνηση: walk, drink, listen to music, read, eat.
  8. Η ερώτηση σχηματίζεται με την αντιστροφή της κατάφασης (δηλ. την ερώτηση του ρήματος to be στον Αόριστο, στην ερώτηση) συν το ρήμα με κατάληξη –ing. Ρήματα για σύντομη εξοικείωση/εξάσκηση στην άρνηση: walk, drink, listen to music, read, eat.
  9. Υπάρχουν κάποιες λέξεις κλειδιά (key words) που πηγαίνουν πακέτο με τον Past Continuous (όπως συμβαίνει με όλους του χρόνους). Οι λέξεις αυτές είναι οι while (ενώ / καθώς), as (ενώ / καθώς) και when (όταν). Η θέση τους στην πρόταση δεν είναι αυστηρά καθορισμένη, μπορούν να μπουν είτε στην αρχή είτε στη μέση της πρότασης. Το while και το as ενώνουν προτάσεις που αναφέρονται σε πράξεις που συνέβαιναν ταυτόχρονα, και το when συνδέει μία πρόταση που διέκοψε κάποια που βρισκόταν σε εξέλιξη.
  10. Γενικά όταν προσθέτουμε την κατάληξη –ing σε ένα ρήμα στα Αγγλικά, είτε πρόκειται για χρόνο διαρκείας (π.χ. He is playing the drums), είτε για ενεργητική μετοχή (π.χ. I broke my arm climbing a tree) είτε για γερούνδιο (π.χ. I like telling jokes), χρειάζεται λίγη προσοχή.     Στα περισσότερα ρήματα τα πράγματα είναι εύκολα, απλά προσθέτουμε την κατάληξη και δεν αλλάζει τίποτα στο ρήμα μας. Αν το ρήμα τελειώνει σε –e, το αφαιρούμε πριν προσθέσουμε την κατάληξη.
  11. Αν έχουμε μονοσύλλαβο ρήμα που τελειώνει σε (ξεκινώντας από το τέλος αν και είναι το ίδιο) σύμφωνο-φωνήεν-σύμφωνο, τότε διπλασιάζουμε το τελευταίο σύμφωνο. (π.χ. run – running, cut – cutting, win - winning). Αν έχουμε περισσότερε συλλαβές και το ρήμα τελειώνει σε σύμφωνο-φωνήεν-σύμφωνο και τονίζεται στη λήγουσα, τότε πάλι διπλασιάζουμε το τελευταίο σύμφωνο. (π.χ. forget – forgetting, swim – swimming, begin – beginning). Ουσιαστικά είναι ο ίδιος κανόνας με τα μονοσύλλαβα, τα οποία δεν έχουν άλλη επιλογή από το να τονιστούν στη λήγουσα. Αν το ρήμα μας τελειώνει σε σύμφωνο-φωνήεν-σύμφωνο αλλά δεν τονίζεται στη λήγουσα, δεν διπλασιάζεται το τελευταίο σύμφωνο (π.χ. open – opening, visit – visiting). To ρήμα travel όταν παίρνει κατάληξη –ing γράφεται και με τους δύο τρόπους, traveling και travelling, προτιμάται το travelling (British English).
  12. Στα ρήματα που τελειώνουν σε –ie, φεύγει η κατάληξη αυτή πριν προσθέσουμε την κατάληξη –ing (π.χ. lie – lying, tie – tying, die - dying). Προσοχή στα ρήματα σε –y που δεν αλλάζουν (δεν αφαιρείται το -y) είτε προηγείται σύμφωνο είτε όχι, (π.χ. cry – crying, play – playing).
  13. Ας ακούσουμε ένα τραγούδι με στίχους σε Past Continuous.