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A highly opinionated thought paper.
The Future of the
Automotive Dealership
www.futurelab.net
NOT ANOTHER
‘TRANSFORM
YOUR DEALER’
PAPER
2
3
Dear Reader,
In the past years, the automotive industry has seen many white papers
addressing the challenges of auto makers and dealerships. All of them carefully
suggest that if the retailer networks ever want to see the dawn of the new era,
they urgently need to transform.
But we think it is time we all faced the harsh reality: The transformation of
a regular roadside shop & service centre into an AI-driven, VR-enabled,
customer-obsessed showroom is both impossible and unnecessary. In
this paper we will explain why we think so, and lay out what OEMs and dealer
networks can actually do with this situation.
The first part of this paper will explain our statement and provide you with
background information. In the second part we bring to your attention
ten business models which a dealer, independent or part of a network, or a
thoughtful OEM would be able to consider as an opportunity for dealerships to
survive.
We do not insist that this list is exhaustive; neither do we predict all of the
scenarios would suit everybody. On the contrary, we would like to hope this
read will inspire you to try and pick one or several models for testing and
based on your own experience create other models that will suit your dealer or
network best.
Marina Natanova
Stefan Kolle
Futurelab
2019
4
Part 1: The new world.
After all, during over a hundred years of the existence of the
automotive sector, it was always a dynamic industry with a
strong capacity to innovate. Its ability to reinvent itself helped
it to weather more than one storm, including the recession of
2008.
But now the dealer business is rapidly waning. For example, in
the Netherlands, where digital innovations and the proliferation
of affordable public transport are shaping the current mobility
landscape, the number of dealerships has dropped almost 45%
since the nineties, and the next five years are predicted to see
another 40%1
drop.
1
Source: BOVAG, Association of automotive dealerships and workshops, the Netherlands
WHY DO WE THINK THE
DEALER TRANSFORMATION
IS NOT POSSIBLE?
5
Death by...
Dear car dealer,
can you be a bit
more like Amazon?
2
Bain & Company (2017): The Future of Car Sales is Omnichannel; BCG (2017): Digital Garage. Get Ready for the Digital Ride.
3
Bain & Company (2017): The Future of Car Sales is Omnichannel.
4
Capgemini (2016): Cars Online Trend Study.
5
McKinsey & Company: Innovative automotive retail. Journey towards a customer-centric, multiformat sales and service network
6
Capgemini (2016): Cars Online Trend Study.
7Capgemini (2016): Cars Online Trend Study.
8
Bain & Company (2017): The Future of Car Sales is Omnichannel.
9
McKinsey & Co (2014): Innovating automotive retail. Journey towards a customer-centric, multiformat sales and service network.
Digifatality
The internet has taken over one of the central roles in the car buying
process: advice. Half of all car buyers nowadays start their journey online2
,
and they use it for both finding the right make and model and asking for
advice and reviews from their peers. So there is no need to come to the
dealer to hear a salesperson’s pitch. 60% of customers have decided upon
the brand, the model, and even the extras before visiting a dealership.3
Add to that an increasing amount of customers willing to buy a car online
(and OEMs piloting online sales direct to customer), and the future of the
dealership starts to look vague at best.4
In some countries, the average
dealer visits per sale plummeted from five to just one in the past ten
years.5
Besides, the internet is not only about pre-purchase information collection
any more: consumer interest in buying vehicles online is increasing too. In
key markets like China, Germany, or the USA almost 80% of customers say
they would consider buying a car online.6
Customers say it’s faster, easier,
and even cheaper to do it online than to get to a dealership7
, and as a result,
willingness to buy a car entirely online is growing.8
On top of that, the rise of
digital commerce has upped customers’ expectations about the purchasing
process. Personalised advice, seamless integration of multiple off- and
online channels, and next day delivery are only a few new norms that digital
commerce introduced.9
WHAT IS KILLING
THE DEALERSHIP?
PRETTY MUCH
EVERYTHING.
6
Mobilikill
People increasingly perceive mobility as a commodity; a service to be consumed
rather than a result of owning an expensive item like a car. The percentage of
potential car buyers who consider car ownership as “not important” and are willing
to use alternative mobility services is rapidly growing10
, the shared- or no-car
life particularly appealing to the younger generations. Changing perceptions of
mobility go hand in hand with the growing importance of the sharing economy.
Predictions for 2025 mention 15% share of new vehicle sales for application
in the field of new mobility in Europe and the USA (up to 35% in China). This
development goes beyond carpooling: car sharing now covers various B2C and
peer-to-peer schemes that include ride-hailing, ride sharing, and vehicle time
sharing. With one OEM after another entering this market (e.g. BMW’s and
Daimler’s DriveNow and car2go, now merged into ShareNow and FreeNow), this
trend will likely cause a further decrease in new car sales at the dealerships.
Beyond the car itself, other mobility solutions such as shared bicycles (like
Cloudbike or Mobike), or scooters (like Scooty or Bird), are being rolled out every
year in dozens of cities. Each initiative offers a unique approach to mobility, sharing
one feat: the person who buys a mobility service does not have to own a car.
In 2016, the shared-mobility market in the three core regions (China, Europe, and
the United States) was sized nearly $54 billion. In the next ten years, it is expected
to see a 28% annual growth.11
Guess who is not getting a slice of it?
Millenicide
In line with changing attitudes towards mobility, the consumers’ relationship with
cars has become less romantic and more pragmatic. The Baby boomer generation
(born between 1946 and 1964) may have perceived their rides as an expression of
status; Generation X (born between the late 60s to the mid-80s) – as an extension
of their personalities or a symbol of freedom and independence.13
However, the
Millennials already see a car as an everyday object14
; and their children who have
just become of age are not even getting as many driver’s licenses as we would
expect (nearly half as many as there used to be in the eighties).15
The youngest
generation of potential car buyers in the USA and Europe consider maintenance
and insurance costs to be prohibitively high while the benefits of owning one are
obscure. 16
A car does not seem to be worth the investment.
Can a dealership do anything with this lack of sex appeal? Apparently not.
According to the research by Cox Automotive17
, 92% of customers do not trust the
salesperson. 1 out of 6 six new car buyers changes the decision to buy from their
first-choice retailer because of poor customer experience. 18% more say they did
not buy because they could not come to a deal. Those who do want to buy are not
treated any better: about 40 minutes of idle time can make the buyer doubt or
even change their mind entirely.
THE PERSON WHO
BUYS A MOBILITY
SERVICE DOES
NOT HAVE TO
OWN
A CAR
92% of the
customers do
not trust the
sales person
10
Ernst  Young (2015): Future of automotive retail. Shifting from transactional to customer-centric.; IMB Institute for Business Value (2016): A new relationship –
people and cars.
11
Lazard, Roland Berger (2016): Global Automotive Supplier Study 2016, Being prepared for uncertainties.
12
McKinsey  Co (2017): How shared mobility will change the automotive industry.
13
Bloomberg (2014): In Car Buying, Baby Boomers Surpass the Young: People 55 and older have replaced younger folks as the top purchasers of new autos; Knack
(2014): De auto: statussymbool van de lege portemonnee.
14
Infosys (2018): Redefining the vehicle buying process.
15
McKinsey  Co (2016): Automotive Revolution Perspective towards 2030. 16
McKinsey  Co (2016): Automotive Revolution Perspective towards 2030.
17
Cox Automotive (2018): Car Buyer Journey 2018.
7
Cold as ICE
Powertrains and fuel have become greener and will continue to do so
due to economic and societal pressure. The growth in the number of
both battery electric (BEV) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) is the most
promising trend in the automotive industry. 18
And while FCEV sales are
negligible at the moment, global sales of BEVs have risen from 50,000
vehicles in 2011 up to over 5 million in 2018. China alone had over 2 million
stock of plug-in passenger cars by the end of 2018 (domestically built, too).19
What does it have to do with the dealer model? Everything. Batteries are
getting cheaper by the day20
, and the moment EV producers can make
use of economies of scale an electric car will be easier and faster to build
than an ICE car. Besides, EVs need less maintenance. According to the UBS
maintenance cost analyses, total annual maintenance of Chevrolet Bolt is
$255, almost 60% lower than cost of maintenance of a VW Golf ($610). 21
The sustainable clean future belongs to the EVs; a trend that manufacturers
have fully embraced: by 2020, every major OEM will have launched an
electric model or even a series. The only party to resist the situation?
Dealerships. A recent study in the US has discovered that customers who
want to buy a hybrid or a fully electric model are significantly less satisfied
with the dealer experience than those with a need for a conventional ICE.
Moreover: if a customer walks into a dealership with a clear intent to
buy an electric vehicle, chances are dealership will try to sabotage
their decision. During this study, most salespeople failed to explain how
the car worked, or to lay out the financial benefits for the buyer – and
moreover, some of the plug-ins meant for the test drive were not even
charged. Finally, interviewers reported that some salespeople were ‘woefully
incompetent or, in some cases, openly hostile’ towards the whole concept
of an EV. 22
Our mystery shopping exercise in May 2019 in Belgium have
confirmed these findings.
Such attitudes once again pose a question about the necessity of the
middleman. Is it really a surprise that Tesla Motors, who has been
successfully selling cars via its own network of their small stores within
urban areas which feel more like show-rooms than a car sales facility is one
of the very few car manufacturers that show sales growth in 2019?23
Instead
of feeding a crowd of hungry dealers, Tesla concentrates on building direct
relationships with the customers and offering them services like car pick-
up and delivery to the home. A PWC survey of car buyers in Germany
discovered that 63% of customers are already interested in buying a car
directly from an OEM, and currently, there are few roadblocks from this
model except legal24
. The drivers of the future may even not know where the
shop is.
THE
SUSTAINABLE
CLEAN FUTURE
BELONGS TO
THE EV’S
The drivers of the
future may even
not know where
the shop is.
18
KPMG (2017): Global Automotive Executive Survey 2017,p.9
19
Automotive News China (2018-10-23). “China’s electrified vehicle fleet tops 2.21 million”.
20
European Alternative Fuel Observatory (EAFO): The transition to a Zero Emission Vehicles fleet for cars in the EU by 2050.
21
European Alternative Fuel Observatory (EAFO): The transition to a Zero Emission Vehicles fleet for cars in the EU by 2050.
22
Fast Company, January 2019. Car dealerships put in a lot of work to not sell you an electric car. www.autonews.com
23
PWC (2019): The Future of Automotive Retail.
24
PWC (2019): The Future of Automotive Retail.
8
Autonomously Dispatched
Arguably the most disruptive in the long term are self-driving vehicles. They
are expected to decrease road accidents by almost 95%.25
The question is
no longer ‘if’, but ‘when’ and ‘how’ autonomous vehicles will revolutionise
transportation. Leading car manufacturers and tech-companies expect that by
2022 autonomous cars will be permitted to drive on our roads.26
Of course, the broad rollout of fully autonomous vehicles is still quite far away
(Bain estimates only 15% of cars sold in 2030 will be fully self-driving 27
), and
their adoption depends on a lot of factors: policy and legislation, technology
and innovation, infrastructure, and consumer acceptance. However, the
leading innovation markets such as the Netherlands, Singapore, the US,
Sweden, the UK, Germany, and Canada are eager and ready for the tests.28
In the meantime, the less-dreamy and more pragmatic branch of
autonomous driving – assistive technologies – are already making a
significant impact on the industry. About 80% of customers express a
willingness to use assistive features.29
Those ensuring safer driving and parking
are the most desired ones.30
Apart from applications enhancing safety, the
most sought-after feature by consumers (also vital to autonomous driving)
is connectivity.31
By 2020, 98% of vehicles sold are expected to have this
capacity. 32
Truly connected cars, capable of receiving, sending and computing
large amounts of data, will be able to communicate with other vehicles and
the infrastructure around them. 33
It will enable the car to be ‘aware’ of its
surroundings, change settings according to weather and road conditions,
prevent wear and tear of equipment and ultimately eliminate accidents. KPMG
predicts that AVs will be the reason for the 52% drop in the volume of total
collision repair market by 2030. 34
No more money for body and paint.
25
KPMG (2018): 2018 Autonomous Vehicles Readiness Index.
26
Reuters (2017): Chipmaker Nvidia’s CEO sees Fully Autonomous Cars within 4 Years; Reuters (2016): Ford plans self-driving car for ride share fleets in 2021.
27
Bain  Company (2017): An Autonomous Car Roadmap for Suppliers.
28
KPMG (2018): 2018 Autonomous Vehicles Readiness Index.
29
Bain  Company (2017): An Autonomous Car Roadmap for Suppliers.
30
Deloitte (2017): What’s Ahead for Fully Autonomous Driving. Consumer Opinions on Advanced Vehicle Technology.
31
KPMG (2015): Competing for the connected customer: perspectives on the opportunities created by car connectivity and automation.
32
BlackRock (2017): Future of the vehicle. Winners and losers: from Cars and Cameras to Chips.
33
PWC (2018): Five Trends Transforming the Automotive Industry.
34
KPMG (2019): Will this be the end of car dealerships as we know them?
AUTONOMOUS
VEHICLES WILL
REVOLUTIONISE TRANSPORTATION
9
Internal money bleeding
If all of the above did not convince you yet, follow the logic of the capital.
What does a modern consumer want from a shop? An easy to reach
location, or maybe no location at all (‘just deliver it to me’), a friendly
advisor, an omnichannel purchase process, and speediest delivery
possible. Upgrading a regular suburban dealership to match these
expectations would require massive investment, and not only into
new digital equipment but into costly software solutions and extensive
personnel training as well. However, finding the right people to work is
already very hard35
, and how can it not be? Not so long ago, a car salesman
needed to know a few keywords about the vehicle and be able to explain
how to open the trunk. Nowadays the salesperson needs to be a
mentalist with a profound knowledge of both human psychology,
the latest developments in the car technology, and the financial
peculiarities of the deal; be charismatic but unobtrusive at the same
time, and freely operate both in the digital and offline world. How do
we know? We helped to write those manuals for quite a few OEMs.
That is how we also know that the dealerships already now survive on
a minimal allowance, and those are dropping, too (in only three-years’
time, the average operating profits dropped from 8.9% to just 1.7%; and
in some countries like the Netherlands the profits have been long stuck in
the 0,2-1% zone).36
The importer supports them with marketing and digital
activities, but after that, they are mostly on their own. Given the tight
competition and endless price wars between the OEMs, the situation with
profits is not likely to change to the better. There is therefore very little
investment to be found internally with either importers or OEMs. KPMG
analysis renders the current business model of an average dealership as
unsustainable by 2040.37
There is also little to be found externally. In our increasingly digital, cut-
the-middleman world, a business model based on third-party resellers is
bound to become less successful if not obsolete. Why support a network
which up to this moment was difficult to manage and nearly impossible to
control? A decline in the number of dealerships has already set in. 38
Money
logic dictates that such assets are due for harvest and disinvestment.
35
Randstad (2017): Arbeidsmarktstudie. 35
Randstad (2017): Arbeidsmarktstudie.
36
McKinsey  Co. As dramatic disruption comes to automotive showrooms, proactive dealers can benefit greatly, January 2019 article
37
KPMG (2019): Will this be the end of car dealerships as we know them?
38
Statista (2017): Number of car dealerships in franchise networks in the United Kingdom (UK) between January 2015 and January 2017.
BY 2040,
THE CURRENT BUSINESS MODEL OF A DEALERSHIP
WILL BE UNSUSTAINABLE
Money logic
dictates that such
assets are due
for harvest and
disinvestment.
10
Is there anybody out there?
So what functions exactly are left for the dealer after its main
roles have been spirited away by the new technology and
players? There are not many – but they may just be enough
for survival.
The human touch.
Digital channels may have replaced the dealership as the primary provider
of information. A person walking into the shop has likely already learned
everything there is to know about a particular model, stereo, or cup holder
type from online resources. The only reason for them to enter a shop may be a
need to see the model they liked and ask the sales to resolve their doubts. For
a dealer, this can be only one shot, one opportunity of seizing the moment39
and turning the situation around. With that comes a new challenge: dealers
of the future must know more about the human psyche than about the
product they’re trying to sell. After all, people still trust someone who is their
peer more than they trust a company CEO. 40
That gives small, well known rural
dealers with the owner being the village’s favourite grandpa a lot more survival
chances than you could initially imagine.
The test-drive.
What has not yet been imitated online is touching or test driving a car. Virtual
reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies offer possibilities that
will soon almost match that sensation. But a car is still too significant an
investment to make without seeing the purchase in real life and being able
to test it. Even now, 80% of customers still make (multiple) test-drives, and
although the number of test drives is slowly decreasing41
, this feature will not
disappear completely.
Used car sales.
While the new car sales of the future will be mostly driven by tech companies,
lease companies, taxi services, and other providers of various mobility
solutions, there is still an expected boost for the used car market. For example,
shared car services will require regular replacement of fleet with the latest-
issue models. A dealership or a workshop will be able to buy a fleet of used
vehicles off a carpooling company, refresh and fix them up, and then sell
them to individuals who may still want to own rather than rent. The market of
used cars is large and stable: for example, even now only 18% of AutoNation’s
revenue (the largest car dealership in the US) is made up by the sales of
new cars. The rest comes from used-car sales, financing and aftermarket
parts and accessories. 42
The used car dealers will have to grow their staff of
skilled technicians, but will also be able to reduce investment into sales and
marketing, as online platforms like Carvana or Shift would easily handle
those functions.
39
If you have read up to here and recognised the reference, message us for a beer.
40
Edelman Trust Barometer 2017
41
McKinsey  Co (2014): Innovating automotive retail. Journey towards a customer-centric, multiformat sales and service network.
42
Forbes (2018): How AutoNation, America’s Biggest Car Dealer, Is Future-Proofing Its Business.
Dealers of the
future must know
more about the
human psyche
than about the
product they’re
trying to sell.
11
Rural and non-urban sales.
The development of mobility solutions mostly focuses on the availability of transport
in urban areas, which means those dealers who operate in non-urban and rural
areas will still have more buyers than car-poolers. While the urban car user can easily
replace car ownership with any mobility solution or a combination thereof, those
who live in remote areas still hold to the car as an essential tool of everyday survival.
A taxi may not be able to reach the hilltop in Switzerland in heavy snow; and neither
will an Uber driver be willing to drive an inhabitant of West Texas 10 miles to a
grocery store and back.43
In general, challenging life conditions will support car sales
over rentals.
A dirty workshop? More like an open space office.
While electric cars might only need a little service (a change of tires and pressing
the ‘reset’ button may be enough), there is an untapped market for market players
who will collect and analyse customer data. 44
Information from the connected car
enables OEMs and dealerships to customise their services to unparalleled levels
making it possible to proactively make offers personalised to clients’ needs, improve
communications, and overall understanding of the client base. Predictive analytics
becomes a reality. Apart from calculating optimal routes to the destination, it will be
able to suggest the best places for switching to a bike to avoid a traffic jam; predict
dates for a workshop visit to change the brake pads, or offer a replacement for
that special moment in life when you need a convertible instead of your everyday
hatchback.45
However, there is a bump on the road: the discussion about data ownership is
still ongoing. 46
On the bright side, customers may be willing to give up their data
ownership in turn for useful services (or financial compensation).47
However, just as
in the mobility market, this field can undoubtedly expect new competitive entrants.48
Finally, customer information is not the only digital asset to be managed. Software
used in modern vehicles has already become a differentiator for most automotive
brands49
, and future cars will contain millions of lines of code. Currently, 3rd parties
cannot tamper with the installed software, and there are also no external suppliers
for in-car apps. However, this situation may change in the future, and it will push
the need for local representatives to hire more qualified IT or software engineering
support. No more dirty workshop, more open coworking spaces.
43
https://gizmodo.com/which-americans-have-the-longest-drive-to-the-grocery-s-1221441087
44
Ernst  Young (2015): Future of automotive retail. Shifting from transactional to customer-centric.
45
Michelin (2015): Michelin Tire Care, la Puissance du Digital au Service des Transporteurs.
46
KPMG (2017): The Connected Car is here to Stay.
47
McKinsey  Co (2016): Car Data: Paving the Way to Value-Creating Mobility. Perspectives on a New Automotive Business Model.
48
McKinsey  Co (2016): Car Data: Paving the Way to Value-Creating Mobility. Perspectives on a New Automotive Business Model, KPMG;
BCG (2017): Connected Car Landscape: Tools and Database.
49
Lazard, Roland Berger (2016): Global Automotive Supplier Study 2016, Being prepared for uncertainties.
NO MORE
DIRTY WORKSHOP
12
Ten Survival Scenarios
Survival Scenarios
10
1 THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR…
•	A company with a strong
capacity of training on the
soft skills
•	An automotive brand with
an emotional component
Is it really all doom and gloom for the automotive dealership? It looks
like that. But does every garage owner in the field need to go out of
business? We think not. Many locations have strong defining features
which can help their conversion into a different type of establishment;
something that will both meet the needs of the customer in the 21st
century and be able to pay the bills for the owner.
The Experience Centre
Located in the centre of a busy city, this establishment has several
recent models on display. The point is not to force a test-drive
on the walk-in customer, but to tell the history of the brand,
demonstrate the features of the latest models, and unobtrusively
explain the benefits. Well trained personnel (assisted by the cutting
edge digital tools) will listen to what the customer says, understand
their needs, and if the customer is interested, help design their
dream car and calculate the financial options – all without an
apparent attempt to get their signature on the contract. But if the
customer does express a wish to buy the model, the results of the
configuration will be seamlessly converted into an offer with a click
of a button. Paperwork done, the customer receives a precise date
and location of the pick-up – or chooses a delivery to home option.
If you think this scenario is somewhat futuristic, check out
Volkswagen Home in Warsaw where employees without sales as a
KPI sell as many cars on average as any local VW dealership with a
sales target. Make sure also to check The Loft: a luxury lounge in
Brussels Airport serving as a showcase for Lexus as a global luxury
lifestyle brand.
Below you will see ten survival scenarios or new business models for a dealer with a vision, or an OEM
or importer who still cares for their sales in the not so distant future. One size does not fit all, that’s why
some of these scenarios are suitable for large retail networks, and others – for individual dealerships.
There are also a few which imply no dealer at all: an importer can launch it without the 3rd party.
But of course, this list is not exhaustive, nor are these models finite. Take them as an inspiration, twist
and turn until they suit you.
13
2
3
THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR…
•	 An innovative hi-tech brand
•	OEMs who have successfully
undergone digital
transformation (or are well
underway).
THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR…
•	Importers or dealer networks
with a substantial fleet
available
•	Experience brands with a
strong lifestyle element
•	Customer data analysis
champions
The Digital Showroom
This dealership goes where the client is: online. The Digital
Showroom where customers can compare and configure their
desired model is accessible, open 24/7, and its AI-empowered chat
can answer any customer questions on the spot. This scenario
offers manufacturers a possibility to gather information on their
clients’ preferences and tailor the offline experience accordingly. If
salespeople need to come to help, they can use this data to make
better contact with the customer and work more efficiently (see the
previous scenario).
In an offline version of a Digital Showroom located in any small
space in the city or far from it the VR and AR will take over. The
dealer will be more like a cinema theatre owner, equipped with
headsets, seats, and a set of powerful computers. They will be
able to receive VR and AR downloads for the latest models with
all the options and add-ons and broadcast the demo to multiple
customers at the same time. The potential customer will have a
possibility to see, drive, and almost touch any car, modifying colour,
configuration, or interior type. The package from the importer
will also include an extra set of scenes for new routes so that test
drivers can take a new model to a Paris street or a Paris-Dakar road
– in virtual reality.
The Test-Drive Centre
Let’s assume that the potential customers of the future will still
want to take a new model for a spin. This site (or, rather, a network
of sites) focuses on the most fun part of buying a car: making the
test drive. This tailor-made, highly personalised experience will
allow people to test drive their potential buys in the conditions that
are closest to the actual usage. For this purpose, some locations will
feature a dirt road, and others will be set as pop-ups in shopping
malls. A potential buyer can arrange a 30-minute spin around
the block or request a prolonged test drive for the weekend.
Want to see that model in turmeric yellow, or test out those sport
seats? The agent will order the right model for your visit, with a
configuration very close to your wishes. You may also be able to
drive several models in short succession (to get a feeling of which
one suits you better) – a service which D’Ieteren dealer network in
Belgium already offers.
14
The Mobility Provider
In the urban areas, the pressure for having clean air, decongested
traffic, and streets free of parked cars is becoming so high that
more and more European cities restrict or entirely ban car
traffic. But that should not stop the automotive commuters from
suburban and rural areas from coming into town. Neither should
city dwellers be stuck at home in the summer heat because there is
no transport to take them to a hiking trail.
The solution? Several sites around cities where a commuter can
drop their car and pick up another means of transport into the city
(or vice versa, pick a vehicle on the way out). A smart dealership
located just outside the city can create a multi-level parking garage
for those who want to drop their car off and continue the commute
by public transport (the bus stop is just outside the building). Next
to the parking, a rack full of city-owned or rental bicycles, scooters,
and other means of personal transportation wait for those who
prefer to get into town while having a workout at the same time.
The dealer asks for subscription or rental money but also gets paid
for services such as cleaning, charging, minor repairs, and even
food and drinks.
The Subscription Dealership
Like the previous concept, this scenario is based on the idea of
mobility rather than full ownership. This business offers their
fleet to the customers based on a subscription. The subscriber
pays a fixed fee which guarantees them a set number of days of
car usage per month, quarter or a year, with a specification for
weekdays or weekends. The twist is flexibility about the model.
Need a smaller car for a couple of days, or a bigger one for a family
holiday? Something to drive through the rough terrain or a sedan
for a business day? This dealership offers it all. By providing clients
subscriptions that grant them the right to a convertible for five days
during summer or fifteen in spring, the dealer will use their fleet
efficiently.
•	A network with a substantial
fleet at their disposal (e.g.
second-hand)
•	A mobility-oriented brand with
a broad model range.
THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR…
•	A network with locations
placed around or in the
vicinity of the centre of big
cities
•	 Parking and rental networks
THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR…
4
5
15
The Buy-and-Drive
One of the critical sources of loss of a potential customer nowadays
is the extended time of new vehicle delivery. 50
It simply takes too
long: the waiting times for certain desirable models can reach a
year. But the world is moving towards faster sales and quicker
service. What if someone needs a car right now?
Here is a dealer that can help. Watching customer trends and using
predictive analytics will allow them to pre-order models which are
most likely to be popular the next year and have them on stock
at any time. Walk in, point at the one you like, and you will get it,
together with the paperwork – literally on the spot. While some
preliminary legal arrangements will have to be done towards
creating a shop according to this scenario, this is a no-discount
(more likely, a mark-up) sales scenario which can save a dealership
or two.
The Relaxed Service Centre
Imagine that you want to get a haircut, but you must book the date
three months in advance. On the day of the appointment you will
go to an obscure, dusty establishment outside the city, then sit
for four hours in a small environment not really designed for long
waiting only to receive a long incomprehensible bill for the jobs
you did not even ask for. Can you? No, we cannot either. But this
scheme seems to be a norm for a car service.
However, there are few reasons (except ‘we have always done it
this way’) for such misery. Dropping a car off for service should
be as convenient and pleasant as getting a haircut. It should not
involve stress; neither should it chip off hours of the customers’
time. This is where this model comes into play. Drop your car off
for the service in the basement of a shopping mall, a hypermarket,
or in a parking garage in the city centre (a rental deal will benefit
both sides). Take a replacement car (scooter, bike) if you want to
continue your journey, or relax and have a walk, a shop, and a bite
while waiting for your car to be serviced. Some locations like the
Mercedes Benz Burlington Dealership in Ontario, Canada51
already
offer you full-scale café, a spa, and a golf simulator; others can
feature a playground for small children and a PlayStation for big
ones. And if you want to have a look at the newest models, just one
level up there is a showroom with 3D features which demonstrates
the latest technologies – with options for the customer to provide
feedback.
•	A mid-range brand with a
focus on convenience
•	A network with strong digital
support from importer / OEM
THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR…
•	An urban brand with a
comfort / personal freedom
component
•	 A high-end dealer network
•	A network with a strong
capacity of training of new
workforce (mechanics)
THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR…
50
Futurelab’s interview with car dealers in Poland; Deutsche Automobil Treuhand (2019): DAT Report 2019.
51
https://www.trendhunter.com/trends/mercedesbenz-burlington
6
7
16
The Off-Road Location
It is unlikely that in the short run cars will be able to drive through
rough terrain autonomously. Mountains or country roads are
not likely to accommodate it any time soon either. Therefore, for
decades still to come, the market for heavy duty, working vehicles
which can carry a load and withstand harsh road conditions will be
untouched by the trends in the automotive sector. Focusing on the
rural area market enables dealerships to go all out on the theme:
the tough test-drives, the most specialised expertise, and tailored
after-care: the off-road dealership controls the market like an SUV
controls the terrain.
The Niche Garage
Personalisation and catering to niche consumer groups is the
future of all retail.52
The Niche Garage is a type of dealership that
will target specific groups of population with particular needs or
wants, for example:
•	Women selling to women (research shows53
that women are still
the most vulnerable customer segment when it comes to car
sales)
•	Students or young professionals who may need cheaper
solutions at shorter notice
•	 Environmentalists (e-cars only)
•	 Sportscar and supercar fanatics (says it all)
The variations can be multiple: from serving a subculture (we don’t
think bikers are going anywhere) to catering to the needs of the
disabled, there are numerous options for this scenario. The only
common feature here would be an owner who has a vision and
can execute on it. The Louwman Group in the Netherlands who
have been successfully selling higher-end and luxury cars in the
Netherlands for almost a hundred years is living proof that that
continuous dedication to excellence can take you a long way.
•	A visionary shop or network
owner who wants to make a
difference or sees a chance
in engaging with a certain
customer persona
•	A niche brand that is already
working with a particular
subculture or customer
segment.
THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR…
•	 A brand specialising in
	 vehicles for off-road driving
•	 A rural or non-urban retailer
THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR…
52
Alain Thys, Futurelab: Key Consumer Trends and how they affect Retail. https://www.slideshare.net/alainthys/consumer-trends-and-the-way-they-affect-retail
53
CDKGlobal, Women in Automotive; Futurelab’s own research
8
9
17
The Super Serviceman
In the first section of this paper, we argued that the cars of the
future would need less servicing. This inevitable future will lead
to the near extinction of regular workshops or repair shops. The
remaining ones will have to transform to be able to cope with the
new situation. They will need to employ both IT and mechanics of
high skill and upgrade their service standards.
Therefore, serious repairs will be handled in large multi-brand
service centres in locations with lower property prices and lower
employment costs. Customers will receive replacement cars while
their own is in repair (which will likely take longer than now because
vehicles due for repair will have to be picked up and transported
to the service centre). As for the regular maintenance, the driver
of the future will need it fast. Requesting car date beforehand and
assigning exact timeslots will allow the Super Serviceman garage
to work like a Formula-1 pit-stop. The car is brought in while
the mechanics are ready with the necessary spare parts at their
disposal. No lines (maybe just for the coffee machine). By receiving
car data beforehand, technicians will know precisely what they are
up to, so they can make precise estimations and work as efficiently
as possible.
Have we not forgotten something?
In this paper, we have talked about digitalisation, urbanisation, growth
of demand for sustainability and cleaner future, and many other things.
The only topic we barely touched is (ironically) customer experience. The
reader may wonder why: haven’t we been saying that it is a crucial factor for
differentiation for any brand in any industry for the past 15 years?
Well, that’s the point. In the past 15 years, customer experience has moved
from being something extra, a cherry on top of the cake, to an absolute
necessity. For any dealership of the future being customer-centric and
improving on every element of CX will be the start point and the daily
routine. We can now concentrate on flying cars and self-closing sneakers.
•	A dealer network or a
single garage with the
existing capacity to employ
and train highly skilled
mechanics and IT
THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR…
10
18
Request a presentation based on this material as a keynote speech in your
organisation.
Organise a workshop with the heads of your dealerships to help them build
their future.
Call us for a Dealer CX Experience Scan: a quick strategic project to decide on
the future of your network.
Run a complete Retail 360 assessment of your dealer network based on
mystery shopping, customer survey, and financial data analysis.
Help your dealers reduce lost sales and increase closing rates by matching
Car Buyers and Sales Staff Personas
Futurelab: The Customer
Experience Architects
Futurelab is the European customer experience (CX) specialist for almost
15 years. We help B2B and B2C companies understand the needs of their
customers better and develop a profitable customer experience (CX). This
makes customers more loyal and increases revenues and margins.
We have services to fit your needs – from strategy development and small
pilots to all-company training programmes. Our focus is always on identifying
quick wins and drive the long-term ROI of any project.
Our recent focus has been on developing and launching Voice of the
Customer programmes that help companies drive action and profitable
improvement from the customer feedback.
About the
Authors:
Stefan Kolle
sko@futurelab.net
www.futurelab.net
for our credentials.
Contact
Marina Natanova
Director, Head of Research
With special thanks to:
Lynn Van Wezemael, Futurelab,
Maria Georgieva, Futurelab,
Maarten Kolle, University
of Groningen, Matts Van
Nieuwenhove, University of Ghent
Stefan Kolle
Founder and CEO of Futurelab
Representations
Valencia, Moscow
Network partners
Copenhagen, Prague
Own offices
Antwerp, Rhein/Main
What can you do?
Bibliography
Accenture (2018): Intelligence hits the
road.
Accenture (2019): The new automotive
dealer: designed for me.
Bain  Company (2017): An Autonomous
Car Roadmap for Suppliers.
Bain  Company (2017): The Future of
Car Sales is Omnichannel.
BCG (2017): Connected Car Landscape:
Tools and Database
BCG (2017): What’s Ahead for Car
sharing.
BCG (2017): Digital Garage. Get Ready
for the Digital Ride.
BlackRock (2017): Future of the vehicle.
Winners and losers: from Cars and
Cameras to Chips.
Bloomberg (2014): In Car Buying, Baby
Boomers Surpass the Young: People 55
and older have replaced younger folks
as the top purchasers of new autos.
Capgemini (2013): Cars Online: My Car,
My Way.
Capgemini (2016): Cars Online Trend
Study.
Capgemini (2017): Cars Online 2017:
Beyond the Car.
Cox Automotive (2018): Car Buyer
Journey 2018.
Deutsche Automobil Treuhand (2019):
DAT Report 2019.
Deloitte (2015): Who owns the road?
Deloitte (2017): What’s Ahead for
Fully Autonomous Driving. Consumer
Opinions on Advanced Vehicle
Technology.
Deloitte (2017): The Future of the
Automotive Value Chain
Deloitte (2019): Forces of change: The
future of mobility
Deloitte (2019): Future of Mobility. A
New Deal for Mobility in Belgium
Deloitte (2019): Global Automotive
Consumer Study
Economist, The. (2017): Data is given rise
to a new economy.
Ernst  Young (2015): Future of
automotive retail. Shifting from
transactional to customer-centric.
European Alternative Fuel Observatory
(EAFO): The transition to a Zero Emission
Vehicles fleet for cars in the EU by 2050.
Forbes (2018): How AutoNation,
America’s Biggest Car Dealer, Is Future-
Proofing Its Business.
IMB Institute for Business Value (2015):
Automotive 2025: Industry without
borders.
IMB Institute for Business Value (2016):
A new relationship – people and cars.
Knack (2014): De auto: statussymbool
van de lege portemonnee.
Knack (2017): Succesvolle autosector
vindt geen bekwame medewerkers.
Knack (2017): Autoverhuurder wordt
leverancier van mobiliteit.
KPMG (2015): Competing for the
connected customer: perspectives
on the opportunities created by car
connectivity and automation.
KPMG (2017): Global Automotive
Executive Survey 2017.
KPMG (2017): The Connected Car is here
to Stay.
KPMG (2018): 2018 Autonomous
Vehicles Readiness Index.
KPMG (2018): Global Automotive
Executive Survey 2018.
KPMG (2019): Will this be the end of car
dealerships as we know them?
Lazard, Roland Berger (2016): Global
Automotive Supplier Study 2016, Being
prepared for uncertainties.
ManpowerGroup (2017): Talent Shortage
Survey.
McKinsey  Company (2014): Innovating
automotive retail. Journey towards a
customer-centric, multiformat sales and
service network.
McKinsey  Company (2015): Unlocking
the Potential of the Internet of Things.
McKinsey  Company (2016): An
Integrated Perspective on the Future of
Mobility.
McKinsey  Company (2016):
Automotive Revolution Perspective
towards 2030.
McKinsey  Company (2016): Car Data:
Paving the Way to Value-Creating
Mobility. Perspectives on a New
Automotive Business Model.
McKinsey  Company (2017): How
shared mobility will change the
automotive industry.
Michelin (2015): Michelin Tire Care, la
Puissance du Digital au Service des
Transporteurs.
PWC (2018): Five Trends Transforming
the Automotive Industry.
PWC (2019): The Future of Automotive
Retail.
Randstad (2017): Arbeidsmarktstudie.
Reuters (2016): Ford plans self-driving
car for ride share fleets in 2021.
Reuters (2017): Chipmaker Nvidia’s CEO
sees Fully Autonomous Cars within 4
Years.
Statista (2017): Number of car
dealerships in franchise networks in the
United Kingdom (UK) between January
2015 and January 2017.
WIRED (2018): The WIRED Guide to Self-
Driving Cars.
WSJ (2017): AutoNation’s CEO on the
Future of Car Dealerships.
19
WE MAKE
CUSTOMER-CENTRICITY
HAPPEN.
PROFITABLY.
Kapucinessenstraat 45,
2000 Antwerpen
T: +32 3 2486 777
info@futurelab.net
www.futurelab.net

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The Future of the Automotive Dealership Whitepaper

  • 1. A highly opinionated thought paper. The Future of the Automotive Dealership www.futurelab.net
  • 3. 3 Dear Reader, In the past years, the automotive industry has seen many white papers addressing the challenges of auto makers and dealerships. All of them carefully suggest that if the retailer networks ever want to see the dawn of the new era, they urgently need to transform. But we think it is time we all faced the harsh reality: The transformation of a regular roadside shop & service centre into an AI-driven, VR-enabled, customer-obsessed showroom is both impossible and unnecessary. In this paper we will explain why we think so, and lay out what OEMs and dealer networks can actually do with this situation. The first part of this paper will explain our statement and provide you with background information. In the second part we bring to your attention ten business models which a dealer, independent or part of a network, or a thoughtful OEM would be able to consider as an opportunity for dealerships to survive. We do not insist that this list is exhaustive; neither do we predict all of the scenarios would suit everybody. On the contrary, we would like to hope this read will inspire you to try and pick one or several models for testing and based on your own experience create other models that will suit your dealer or network best. Marina Natanova Stefan Kolle Futurelab 2019
  • 4. 4 Part 1: The new world. After all, during over a hundred years of the existence of the automotive sector, it was always a dynamic industry with a strong capacity to innovate. Its ability to reinvent itself helped it to weather more than one storm, including the recession of 2008. But now the dealer business is rapidly waning. For example, in the Netherlands, where digital innovations and the proliferation of affordable public transport are shaping the current mobility landscape, the number of dealerships has dropped almost 45% since the nineties, and the next five years are predicted to see another 40%1 drop. 1 Source: BOVAG, Association of automotive dealerships and workshops, the Netherlands WHY DO WE THINK THE DEALER TRANSFORMATION IS NOT POSSIBLE?
  • 5. 5 Death by... Dear car dealer, can you be a bit more like Amazon? 2 Bain & Company (2017): The Future of Car Sales is Omnichannel; BCG (2017): Digital Garage. Get Ready for the Digital Ride. 3 Bain & Company (2017): The Future of Car Sales is Omnichannel. 4 Capgemini (2016): Cars Online Trend Study. 5 McKinsey & Company: Innovative automotive retail. Journey towards a customer-centric, multiformat sales and service network 6 Capgemini (2016): Cars Online Trend Study. 7Capgemini (2016): Cars Online Trend Study. 8 Bain & Company (2017): The Future of Car Sales is Omnichannel. 9 McKinsey & Co (2014): Innovating automotive retail. Journey towards a customer-centric, multiformat sales and service network. Digifatality The internet has taken over one of the central roles in the car buying process: advice. Half of all car buyers nowadays start their journey online2 , and they use it for both finding the right make and model and asking for advice and reviews from their peers. So there is no need to come to the dealer to hear a salesperson’s pitch. 60% of customers have decided upon the brand, the model, and even the extras before visiting a dealership.3 Add to that an increasing amount of customers willing to buy a car online (and OEMs piloting online sales direct to customer), and the future of the dealership starts to look vague at best.4 In some countries, the average dealer visits per sale plummeted from five to just one in the past ten years.5 Besides, the internet is not only about pre-purchase information collection any more: consumer interest in buying vehicles online is increasing too. In key markets like China, Germany, or the USA almost 80% of customers say they would consider buying a car online.6 Customers say it’s faster, easier, and even cheaper to do it online than to get to a dealership7 , and as a result, willingness to buy a car entirely online is growing.8 On top of that, the rise of digital commerce has upped customers’ expectations about the purchasing process. Personalised advice, seamless integration of multiple off- and online channels, and next day delivery are only a few new norms that digital commerce introduced.9 WHAT IS KILLING THE DEALERSHIP? PRETTY MUCH EVERYTHING.
  • 6. 6 Mobilikill People increasingly perceive mobility as a commodity; a service to be consumed rather than a result of owning an expensive item like a car. The percentage of potential car buyers who consider car ownership as “not important” and are willing to use alternative mobility services is rapidly growing10 , the shared- or no-car life particularly appealing to the younger generations. Changing perceptions of mobility go hand in hand with the growing importance of the sharing economy. Predictions for 2025 mention 15% share of new vehicle sales for application in the field of new mobility in Europe and the USA (up to 35% in China). This development goes beyond carpooling: car sharing now covers various B2C and peer-to-peer schemes that include ride-hailing, ride sharing, and vehicle time sharing. With one OEM after another entering this market (e.g. BMW’s and Daimler’s DriveNow and car2go, now merged into ShareNow and FreeNow), this trend will likely cause a further decrease in new car sales at the dealerships. Beyond the car itself, other mobility solutions such as shared bicycles (like Cloudbike or Mobike), or scooters (like Scooty or Bird), are being rolled out every year in dozens of cities. Each initiative offers a unique approach to mobility, sharing one feat: the person who buys a mobility service does not have to own a car. In 2016, the shared-mobility market in the three core regions (China, Europe, and the United States) was sized nearly $54 billion. In the next ten years, it is expected to see a 28% annual growth.11 Guess who is not getting a slice of it? Millenicide In line with changing attitudes towards mobility, the consumers’ relationship with cars has become less romantic and more pragmatic. The Baby boomer generation (born between 1946 and 1964) may have perceived their rides as an expression of status; Generation X (born between the late 60s to the mid-80s) – as an extension of their personalities or a symbol of freedom and independence.13 However, the Millennials already see a car as an everyday object14 ; and their children who have just become of age are not even getting as many driver’s licenses as we would expect (nearly half as many as there used to be in the eighties).15 The youngest generation of potential car buyers in the USA and Europe consider maintenance and insurance costs to be prohibitively high while the benefits of owning one are obscure. 16 A car does not seem to be worth the investment. Can a dealership do anything with this lack of sex appeal? Apparently not. According to the research by Cox Automotive17 , 92% of customers do not trust the salesperson. 1 out of 6 six new car buyers changes the decision to buy from their first-choice retailer because of poor customer experience. 18% more say they did not buy because they could not come to a deal. Those who do want to buy are not treated any better: about 40 minutes of idle time can make the buyer doubt or even change their mind entirely. THE PERSON WHO BUYS A MOBILITY SERVICE DOES NOT HAVE TO OWN A CAR 92% of the customers do not trust the sales person 10 Ernst Young (2015): Future of automotive retail. Shifting from transactional to customer-centric.; IMB Institute for Business Value (2016): A new relationship – people and cars. 11 Lazard, Roland Berger (2016): Global Automotive Supplier Study 2016, Being prepared for uncertainties. 12 McKinsey Co (2017): How shared mobility will change the automotive industry. 13 Bloomberg (2014): In Car Buying, Baby Boomers Surpass the Young: People 55 and older have replaced younger folks as the top purchasers of new autos; Knack (2014): De auto: statussymbool van de lege portemonnee. 14 Infosys (2018): Redefining the vehicle buying process. 15 McKinsey Co (2016): Automotive Revolution Perspective towards 2030. 16 McKinsey Co (2016): Automotive Revolution Perspective towards 2030. 17 Cox Automotive (2018): Car Buyer Journey 2018.
  • 7. 7 Cold as ICE Powertrains and fuel have become greener and will continue to do so due to economic and societal pressure. The growth in the number of both battery electric (BEV) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) is the most promising trend in the automotive industry. 18 And while FCEV sales are negligible at the moment, global sales of BEVs have risen from 50,000 vehicles in 2011 up to over 5 million in 2018. China alone had over 2 million stock of plug-in passenger cars by the end of 2018 (domestically built, too).19 What does it have to do with the dealer model? Everything. Batteries are getting cheaper by the day20 , and the moment EV producers can make use of economies of scale an electric car will be easier and faster to build than an ICE car. Besides, EVs need less maintenance. According to the UBS maintenance cost analyses, total annual maintenance of Chevrolet Bolt is $255, almost 60% lower than cost of maintenance of a VW Golf ($610). 21 The sustainable clean future belongs to the EVs; a trend that manufacturers have fully embraced: by 2020, every major OEM will have launched an electric model or even a series. The only party to resist the situation? Dealerships. A recent study in the US has discovered that customers who want to buy a hybrid or a fully electric model are significantly less satisfied with the dealer experience than those with a need for a conventional ICE. Moreover: if a customer walks into a dealership with a clear intent to buy an electric vehicle, chances are dealership will try to sabotage their decision. During this study, most salespeople failed to explain how the car worked, or to lay out the financial benefits for the buyer – and moreover, some of the plug-ins meant for the test drive were not even charged. Finally, interviewers reported that some salespeople were ‘woefully incompetent or, in some cases, openly hostile’ towards the whole concept of an EV. 22 Our mystery shopping exercise in May 2019 in Belgium have confirmed these findings. Such attitudes once again pose a question about the necessity of the middleman. Is it really a surprise that Tesla Motors, who has been successfully selling cars via its own network of their small stores within urban areas which feel more like show-rooms than a car sales facility is one of the very few car manufacturers that show sales growth in 2019?23 Instead of feeding a crowd of hungry dealers, Tesla concentrates on building direct relationships with the customers and offering them services like car pick- up and delivery to the home. A PWC survey of car buyers in Germany discovered that 63% of customers are already interested in buying a car directly from an OEM, and currently, there are few roadblocks from this model except legal24 . The drivers of the future may even not know where the shop is. THE SUSTAINABLE CLEAN FUTURE BELONGS TO THE EV’S The drivers of the future may even not know where the shop is. 18 KPMG (2017): Global Automotive Executive Survey 2017,p.9 19 Automotive News China (2018-10-23). “China’s electrified vehicle fleet tops 2.21 million”. 20 European Alternative Fuel Observatory (EAFO): The transition to a Zero Emission Vehicles fleet for cars in the EU by 2050. 21 European Alternative Fuel Observatory (EAFO): The transition to a Zero Emission Vehicles fleet for cars in the EU by 2050. 22 Fast Company, January 2019. Car dealerships put in a lot of work to not sell you an electric car. www.autonews.com 23 PWC (2019): The Future of Automotive Retail. 24 PWC (2019): The Future of Automotive Retail.
  • 8. 8 Autonomously Dispatched Arguably the most disruptive in the long term are self-driving vehicles. They are expected to decrease road accidents by almost 95%.25 The question is no longer ‘if’, but ‘when’ and ‘how’ autonomous vehicles will revolutionise transportation. Leading car manufacturers and tech-companies expect that by 2022 autonomous cars will be permitted to drive on our roads.26 Of course, the broad rollout of fully autonomous vehicles is still quite far away (Bain estimates only 15% of cars sold in 2030 will be fully self-driving 27 ), and their adoption depends on a lot of factors: policy and legislation, technology and innovation, infrastructure, and consumer acceptance. However, the leading innovation markets such as the Netherlands, Singapore, the US, Sweden, the UK, Germany, and Canada are eager and ready for the tests.28 In the meantime, the less-dreamy and more pragmatic branch of autonomous driving – assistive technologies – are already making a significant impact on the industry. About 80% of customers express a willingness to use assistive features.29 Those ensuring safer driving and parking are the most desired ones.30 Apart from applications enhancing safety, the most sought-after feature by consumers (also vital to autonomous driving) is connectivity.31 By 2020, 98% of vehicles sold are expected to have this capacity. 32 Truly connected cars, capable of receiving, sending and computing large amounts of data, will be able to communicate with other vehicles and the infrastructure around them. 33 It will enable the car to be ‘aware’ of its surroundings, change settings according to weather and road conditions, prevent wear and tear of equipment and ultimately eliminate accidents. KPMG predicts that AVs will be the reason for the 52% drop in the volume of total collision repair market by 2030. 34 No more money for body and paint. 25 KPMG (2018): 2018 Autonomous Vehicles Readiness Index. 26 Reuters (2017): Chipmaker Nvidia’s CEO sees Fully Autonomous Cars within 4 Years; Reuters (2016): Ford plans self-driving car for ride share fleets in 2021. 27 Bain Company (2017): An Autonomous Car Roadmap for Suppliers. 28 KPMG (2018): 2018 Autonomous Vehicles Readiness Index. 29 Bain Company (2017): An Autonomous Car Roadmap for Suppliers. 30 Deloitte (2017): What’s Ahead for Fully Autonomous Driving. Consumer Opinions on Advanced Vehicle Technology. 31 KPMG (2015): Competing for the connected customer: perspectives on the opportunities created by car connectivity and automation. 32 BlackRock (2017): Future of the vehicle. Winners and losers: from Cars and Cameras to Chips. 33 PWC (2018): Five Trends Transforming the Automotive Industry. 34 KPMG (2019): Will this be the end of car dealerships as we know them? AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES WILL REVOLUTIONISE TRANSPORTATION
  • 9. 9 Internal money bleeding If all of the above did not convince you yet, follow the logic of the capital. What does a modern consumer want from a shop? An easy to reach location, or maybe no location at all (‘just deliver it to me’), a friendly advisor, an omnichannel purchase process, and speediest delivery possible. Upgrading a regular suburban dealership to match these expectations would require massive investment, and not only into new digital equipment but into costly software solutions and extensive personnel training as well. However, finding the right people to work is already very hard35 , and how can it not be? Not so long ago, a car salesman needed to know a few keywords about the vehicle and be able to explain how to open the trunk. Nowadays the salesperson needs to be a mentalist with a profound knowledge of both human psychology, the latest developments in the car technology, and the financial peculiarities of the deal; be charismatic but unobtrusive at the same time, and freely operate both in the digital and offline world. How do we know? We helped to write those manuals for quite a few OEMs. That is how we also know that the dealerships already now survive on a minimal allowance, and those are dropping, too (in only three-years’ time, the average operating profits dropped from 8.9% to just 1.7%; and in some countries like the Netherlands the profits have been long stuck in the 0,2-1% zone).36 The importer supports them with marketing and digital activities, but after that, they are mostly on their own. Given the tight competition and endless price wars between the OEMs, the situation with profits is not likely to change to the better. There is therefore very little investment to be found internally with either importers or OEMs. KPMG analysis renders the current business model of an average dealership as unsustainable by 2040.37 There is also little to be found externally. In our increasingly digital, cut- the-middleman world, a business model based on third-party resellers is bound to become less successful if not obsolete. Why support a network which up to this moment was difficult to manage and nearly impossible to control? A decline in the number of dealerships has already set in. 38 Money logic dictates that such assets are due for harvest and disinvestment. 35 Randstad (2017): Arbeidsmarktstudie. 35 Randstad (2017): Arbeidsmarktstudie. 36 McKinsey Co. As dramatic disruption comes to automotive showrooms, proactive dealers can benefit greatly, January 2019 article 37 KPMG (2019): Will this be the end of car dealerships as we know them? 38 Statista (2017): Number of car dealerships in franchise networks in the United Kingdom (UK) between January 2015 and January 2017. BY 2040, THE CURRENT BUSINESS MODEL OF A DEALERSHIP WILL BE UNSUSTAINABLE Money logic dictates that such assets are due for harvest and disinvestment.
  • 10. 10 Is there anybody out there? So what functions exactly are left for the dealer after its main roles have been spirited away by the new technology and players? There are not many – but they may just be enough for survival. The human touch. Digital channels may have replaced the dealership as the primary provider of information. A person walking into the shop has likely already learned everything there is to know about a particular model, stereo, or cup holder type from online resources. The only reason for them to enter a shop may be a need to see the model they liked and ask the sales to resolve their doubts. For a dealer, this can be only one shot, one opportunity of seizing the moment39 and turning the situation around. With that comes a new challenge: dealers of the future must know more about the human psyche than about the product they’re trying to sell. After all, people still trust someone who is their peer more than they trust a company CEO. 40 That gives small, well known rural dealers with the owner being the village’s favourite grandpa a lot more survival chances than you could initially imagine. The test-drive. What has not yet been imitated online is touching or test driving a car. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies offer possibilities that will soon almost match that sensation. But a car is still too significant an investment to make without seeing the purchase in real life and being able to test it. Even now, 80% of customers still make (multiple) test-drives, and although the number of test drives is slowly decreasing41 , this feature will not disappear completely. Used car sales. While the new car sales of the future will be mostly driven by tech companies, lease companies, taxi services, and other providers of various mobility solutions, there is still an expected boost for the used car market. For example, shared car services will require regular replacement of fleet with the latest- issue models. A dealership or a workshop will be able to buy a fleet of used vehicles off a carpooling company, refresh and fix them up, and then sell them to individuals who may still want to own rather than rent. The market of used cars is large and stable: for example, even now only 18% of AutoNation’s revenue (the largest car dealership in the US) is made up by the sales of new cars. The rest comes from used-car sales, financing and aftermarket parts and accessories. 42 The used car dealers will have to grow their staff of skilled technicians, but will also be able to reduce investment into sales and marketing, as online platforms like Carvana or Shift would easily handle those functions. 39 If you have read up to here and recognised the reference, message us for a beer. 40 Edelman Trust Barometer 2017 41 McKinsey Co (2014): Innovating automotive retail. Journey towards a customer-centric, multiformat sales and service network. 42 Forbes (2018): How AutoNation, America’s Biggest Car Dealer, Is Future-Proofing Its Business. Dealers of the future must know more about the human psyche than about the product they’re trying to sell.
  • 11. 11 Rural and non-urban sales. The development of mobility solutions mostly focuses on the availability of transport in urban areas, which means those dealers who operate in non-urban and rural areas will still have more buyers than car-poolers. While the urban car user can easily replace car ownership with any mobility solution or a combination thereof, those who live in remote areas still hold to the car as an essential tool of everyday survival. A taxi may not be able to reach the hilltop in Switzerland in heavy snow; and neither will an Uber driver be willing to drive an inhabitant of West Texas 10 miles to a grocery store and back.43 In general, challenging life conditions will support car sales over rentals. A dirty workshop? More like an open space office. While electric cars might only need a little service (a change of tires and pressing the ‘reset’ button may be enough), there is an untapped market for market players who will collect and analyse customer data. 44 Information from the connected car enables OEMs and dealerships to customise their services to unparalleled levels making it possible to proactively make offers personalised to clients’ needs, improve communications, and overall understanding of the client base. Predictive analytics becomes a reality. Apart from calculating optimal routes to the destination, it will be able to suggest the best places for switching to a bike to avoid a traffic jam; predict dates for a workshop visit to change the brake pads, or offer a replacement for that special moment in life when you need a convertible instead of your everyday hatchback.45 However, there is a bump on the road: the discussion about data ownership is still ongoing. 46 On the bright side, customers may be willing to give up their data ownership in turn for useful services (or financial compensation).47 However, just as in the mobility market, this field can undoubtedly expect new competitive entrants.48 Finally, customer information is not the only digital asset to be managed. Software used in modern vehicles has already become a differentiator for most automotive brands49 , and future cars will contain millions of lines of code. Currently, 3rd parties cannot tamper with the installed software, and there are also no external suppliers for in-car apps. However, this situation may change in the future, and it will push the need for local representatives to hire more qualified IT or software engineering support. No more dirty workshop, more open coworking spaces. 43 https://gizmodo.com/which-americans-have-the-longest-drive-to-the-grocery-s-1221441087 44 Ernst Young (2015): Future of automotive retail. Shifting from transactional to customer-centric. 45 Michelin (2015): Michelin Tire Care, la Puissance du Digital au Service des Transporteurs. 46 KPMG (2017): The Connected Car is here to Stay. 47 McKinsey Co (2016): Car Data: Paving the Way to Value-Creating Mobility. Perspectives on a New Automotive Business Model. 48 McKinsey Co (2016): Car Data: Paving the Way to Value-Creating Mobility. Perspectives on a New Automotive Business Model, KPMG; BCG (2017): Connected Car Landscape: Tools and Database. 49 Lazard, Roland Berger (2016): Global Automotive Supplier Study 2016, Being prepared for uncertainties. NO MORE DIRTY WORKSHOP
  • 12. 12 Ten Survival Scenarios Survival Scenarios 10 1 THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR… • A company with a strong capacity of training on the soft skills • An automotive brand with an emotional component Is it really all doom and gloom for the automotive dealership? It looks like that. But does every garage owner in the field need to go out of business? We think not. Many locations have strong defining features which can help their conversion into a different type of establishment; something that will both meet the needs of the customer in the 21st century and be able to pay the bills for the owner. The Experience Centre Located in the centre of a busy city, this establishment has several recent models on display. The point is not to force a test-drive on the walk-in customer, but to tell the history of the brand, demonstrate the features of the latest models, and unobtrusively explain the benefits. Well trained personnel (assisted by the cutting edge digital tools) will listen to what the customer says, understand their needs, and if the customer is interested, help design their dream car and calculate the financial options – all without an apparent attempt to get their signature on the contract. But if the customer does express a wish to buy the model, the results of the configuration will be seamlessly converted into an offer with a click of a button. Paperwork done, the customer receives a precise date and location of the pick-up – or chooses a delivery to home option. If you think this scenario is somewhat futuristic, check out Volkswagen Home in Warsaw where employees without sales as a KPI sell as many cars on average as any local VW dealership with a sales target. Make sure also to check The Loft: a luxury lounge in Brussels Airport serving as a showcase for Lexus as a global luxury lifestyle brand. Below you will see ten survival scenarios or new business models for a dealer with a vision, or an OEM or importer who still cares for their sales in the not so distant future. One size does not fit all, that’s why some of these scenarios are suitable for large retail networks, and others – for individual dealerships. There are also a few which imply no dealer at all: an importer can launch it without the 3rd party. But of course, this list is not exhaustive, nor are these models finite. Take them as an inspiration, twist and turn until they suit you.
  • 13. 13 2 3 THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR… • An innovative hi-tech brand • OEMs who have successfully undergone digital transformation (or are well underway). THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR… • Importers or dealer networks with a substantial fleet available • Experience brands with a strong lifestyle element • Customer data analysis champions The Digital Showroom This dealership goes where the client is: online. The Digital Showroom where customers can compare and configure their desired model is accessible, open 24/7, and its AI-empowered chat can answer any customer questions on the spot. This scenario offers manufacturers a possibility to gather information on their clients’ preferences and tailor the offline experience accordingly. If salespeople need to come to help, they can use this data to make better contact with the customer and work more efficiently (see the previous scenario). In an offline version of a Digital Showroom located in any small space in the city or far from it the VR and AR will take over. The dealer will be more like a cinema theatre owner, equipped with headsets, seats, and a set of powerful computers. They will be able to receive VR and AR downloads for the latest models with all the options and add-ons and broadcast the demo to multiple customers at the same time. The potential customer will have a possibility to see, drive, and almost touch any car, modifying colour, configuration, or interior type. The package from the importer will also include an extra set of scenes for new routes so that test drivers can take a new model to a Paris street or a Paris-Dakar road – in virtual reality. The Test-Drive Centre Let’s assume that the potential customers of the future will still want to take a new model for a spin. This site (or, rather, a network of sites) focuses on the most fun part of buying a car: making the test drive. This tailor-made, highly personalised experience will allow people to test drive their potential buys in the conditions that are closest to the actual usage. For this purpose, some locations will feature a dirt road, and others will be set as pop-ups in shopping malls. A potential buyer can arrange a 30-minute spin around the block or request a prolonged test drive for the weekend. Want to see that model in turmeric yellow, or test out those sport seats? The agent will order the right model for your visit, with a configuration very close to your wishes. You may also be able to drive several models in short succession (to get a feeling of which one suits you better) – a service which D’Ieteren dealer network in Belgium already offers.
  • 14. 14 The Mobility Provider In the urban areas, the pressure for having clean air, decongested traffic, and streets free of parked cars is becoming so high that more and more European cities restrict or entirely ban car traffic. But that should not stop the automotive commuters from suburban and rural areas from coming into town. Neither should city dwellers be stuck at home in the summer heat because there is no transport to take them to a hiking trail. The solution? Several sites around cities where a commuter can drop their car and pick up another means of transport into the city (or vice versa, pick a vehicle on the way out). A smart dealership located just outside the city can create a multi-level parking garage for those who want to drop their car off and continue the commute by public transport (the bus stop is just outside the building). Next to the parking, a rack full of city-owned or rental bicycles, scooters, and other means of personal transportation wait for those who prefer to get into town while having a workout at the same time. The dealer asks for subscription or rental money but also gets paid for services such as cleaning, charging, minor repairs, and even food and drinks. The Subscription Dealership Like the previous concept, this scenario is based on the idea of mobility rather than full ownership. This business offers their fleet to the customers based on a subscription. The subscriber pays a fixed fee which guarantees them a set number of days of car usage per month, quarter or a year, with a specification for weekdays or weekends. The twist is flexibility about the model. Need a smaller car for a couple of days, or a bigger one for a family holiday? Something to drive through the rough terrain or a sedan for a business day? This dealership offers it all. By providing clients subscriptions that grant them the right to a convertible for five days during summer or fifteen in spring, the dealer will use their fleet efficiently. • A network with a substantial fleet at their disposal (e.g. second-hand) • A mobility-oriented brand with a broad model range. THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR… • A network with locations placed around or in the vicinity of the centre of big cities • Parking and rental networks THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR… 4 5
  • 15. 15 The Buy-and-Drive One of the critical sources of loss of a potential customer nowadays is the extended time of new vehicle delivery. 50 It simply takes too long: the waiting times for certain desirable models can reach a year. But the world is moving towards faster sales and quicker service. What if someone needs a car right now? Here is a dealer that can help. Watching customer trends and using predictive analytics will allow them to pre-order models which are most likely to be popular the next year and have them on stock at any time. Walk in, point at the one you like, and you will get it, together with the paperwork – literally on the spot. While some preliminary legal arrangements will have to be done towards creating a shop according to this scenario, this is a no-discount (more likely, a mark-up) sales scenario which can save a dealership or two. The Relaxed Service Centre Imagine that you want to get a haircut, but you must book the date three months in advance. On the day of the appointment you will go to an obscure, dusty establishment outside the city, then sit for four hours in a small environment not really designed for long waiting only to receive a long incomprehensible bill for the jobs you did not even ask for. Can you? No, we cannot either. But this scheme seems to be a norm for a car service. However, there are few reasons (except ‘we have always done it this way’) for such misery. Dropping a car off for service should be as convenient and pleasant as getting a haircut. It should not involve stress; neither should it chip off hours of the customers’ time. This is where this model comes into play. Drop your car off for the service in the basement of a shopping mall, a hypermarket, or in a parking garage in the city centre (a rental deal will benefit both sides). Take a replacement car (scooter, bike) if you want to continue your journey, or relax and have a walk, a shop, and a bite while waiting for your car to be serviced. Some locations like the Mercedes Benz Burlington Dealership in Ontario, Canada51 already offer you full-scale café, a spa, and a golf simulator; others can feature a playground for small children and a PlayStation for big ones. And if you want to have a look at the newest models, just one level up there is a showroom with 3D features which demonstrates the latest technologies – with options for the customer to provide feedback. • A mid-range brand with a focus on convenience • A network with strong digital support from importer / OEM THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR… • An urban brand with a comfort / personal freedom component • A high-end dealer network • A network with a strong capacity of training of new workforce (mechanics) THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR… 50 Futurelab’s interview with car dealers in Poland; Deutsche Automobil Treuhand (2019): DAT Report 2019. 51 https://www.trendhunter.com/trends/mercedesbenz-burlington 6 7
  • 16. 16 The Off-Road Location It is unlikely that in the short run cars will be able to drive through rough terrain autonomously. Mountains or country roads are not likely to accommodate it any time soon either. Therefore, for decades still to come, the market for heavy duty, working vehicles which can carry a load and withstand harsh road conditions will be untouched by the trends in the automotive sector. Focusing on the rural area market enables dealerships to go all out on the theme: the tough test-drives, the most specialised expertise, and tailored after-care: the off-road dealership controls the market like an SUV controls the terrain. The Niche Garage Personalisation and catering to niche consumer groups is the future of all retail.52 The Niche Garage is a type of dealership that will target specific groups of population with particular needs or wants, for example: • Women selling to women (research shows53 that women are still the most vulnerable customer segment when it comes to car sales) • Students or young professionals who may need cheaper solutions at shorter notice • Environmentalists (e-cars only) • Sportscar and supercar fanatics (says it all) The variations can be multiple: from serving a subculture (we don’t think bikers are going anywhere) to catering to the needs of the disabled, there are numerous options for this scenario. The only common feature here would be an owner who has a vision and can execute on it. The Louwman Group in the Netherlands who have been successfully selling higher-end and luxury cars in the Netherlands for almost a hundred years is living proof that that continuous dedication to excellence can take you a long way. • A visionary shop or network owner who wants to make a difference or sees a chance in engaging with a certain customer persona • A niche brand that is already working with a particular subculture or customer segment. THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR… • A brand specialising in vehicles for off-road driving • A rural or non-urban retailer THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR… 52 Alain Thys, Futurelab: Key Consumer Trends and how they affect Retail. https://www.slideshare.net/alainthys/consumer-trends-and-the-way-they-affect-retail 53 CDKGlobal, Women in Automotive; Futurelab’s own research 8 9
  • 17. 17 The Super Serviceman In the first section of this paper, we argued that the cars of the future would need less servicing. This inevitable future will lead to the near extinction of regular workshops or repair shops. The remaining ones will have to transform to be able to cope with the new situation. They will need to employ both IT and mechanics of high skill and upgrade their service standards. Therefore, serious repairs will be handled in large multi-brand service centres in locations with lower property prices and lower employment costs. Customers will receive replacement cars while their own is in repair (which will likely take longer than now because vehicles due for repair will have to be picked up and transported to the service centre). As for the regular maintenance, the driver of the future will need it fast. Requesting car date beforehand and assigning exact timeslots will allow the Super Serviceman garage to work like a Formula-1 pit-stop. The car is brought in while the mechanics are ready with the necessary spare parts at their disposal. No lines (maybe just for the coffee machine). By receiving car data beforehand, technicians will know precisely what they are up to, so they can make precise estimations and work as efficiently as possible. Have we not forgotten something? In this paper, we have talked about digitalisation, urbanisation, growth of demand for sustainability and cleaner future, and many other things. The only topic we barely touched is (ironically) customer experience. The reader may wonder why: haven’t we been saying that it is a crucial factor for differentiation for any brand in any industry for the past 15 years? Well, that’s the point. In the past 15 years, customer experience has moved from being something extra, a cherry on top of the cake, to an absolute necessity. For any dealership of the future being customer-centric and improving on every element of CX will be the start point and the daily routine. We can now concentrate on flying cars and self-closing sneakers. • A dealer network or a single garage with the existing capacity to employ and train highly skilled mechanics and IT THIS SCENARIO IS SUITABLE FOR… 10
  • 18. 18 Request a presentation based on this material as a keynote speech in your organisation. Organise a workshop with the heads of your dealerships to help them build their future. Call us for a Dealer CX Experience Scan: a quick strategic project to decide on the future of your network. Run a complete Retail 360 assessment of your dealer network based on mystery shopping, customer survey, and financial data analysis. Help your dealers reduce lost sales and increase closing rates by matching Car Buyers and Sales Staff Personas Futurelab: The Customer Experience Architects Futurelab is the European customer experience (CX) specialist for almost 15 years. We help B2B and B2C companies understand the needs of their customers better and develop a profitable customer experience (CX). This makes customers more loyal and increases revenues and margins. We have services to fit your needs – from strategy development and small pilots to all-company training programmes. Our focus is always on identifying quick wins and drive the long-term ROI of any project. Our recent focus has been on developing and launching Voice of the Customer programmes that help companies drive action and profitable improvement from the customer feedback. About the Authors: Stefan Kolle sko@futurelab.net www.futurelab.net for our credentials. Contact Marina Natanova Director, Head of Research With special thanks to: Lynn Van Wezemael, Futurelab, Maria Georgieva, Futurelab, Maarten Kolle, University of Groningen, Matts Van Nieuwenhove, University of Ghent Stefan Kolle Founder and CEO of Futurelab Representations Valencia, Moscow Network partners Copenhagen, Prague Own offices Antwerp, Rhein/Main What can you do?
  • 19. Bibliography Accenture (2018): Intelligence hits the road. Accenture (2019): The new automotive dealer: designed for me. Bain Company (2017): An Autonomous Car Roadmap for Suppliers. Bain Company (2017): The Future of Car Sales is Omnichannel. BCG (2017): Connected Car Landscape: Tools and Database BCG (2017): What’s Ahead for Car sharing. BCG (2017): Digital Garage. Get Ready for the Digital Ride. BlackRock (2017): Future of the vehicle. Winners and losers: from Cars and Cameras to Chips. Bloomberg (2014): In Car Buying, Baby Boomers Surpass the Young: People 55 and older have replaced younger folks as the top purchasers of new autos. Capgemini (2013): Cars Online: My Car, My Way. Capgemini (2016): Cars Online Trend Study. Capgemini (2017): Cars Online 2017: Beyond the Car. Cox Automotive (2018): Car Buyer Journey 2018. Deutsche Automobil Treuhand (2019): DAT Report 2019. Deloitte (2015): Who owns the road? Deloitte (2017): What’s Ahead for Fully Autonomous Driving. Consumer Opinions on Advanced Vehicle Technology. Deloitte (2017): The Future of the Automotive Value Chain Deloitte (2019): Forces of change: The future of mobility Deloitte (2019): Future of Mobility. A New Deal for Mobility in Belgium Deloitte (2019): Global Automotive Consumer Study Economist, The. (2017): Data is given rise to a new economy. Ernst Young (2015): Future of automotive retail. Shifting from transactional to customer-centric. European Alternative Fuel Observatory (EAFO): The transition to a Zero Emission Vehicles fleet for cars in the EU by 2050. Forbes (2018): How AutoNation, America’s Biggest Car Dealer, Is Future- Proofing Its Business. IMB Institute for Business Value (2015): Automotive 2025: Industry without borders. IMB Institute for Business Value (2016): A new relationship – people and cars. Knack (2014): De auto: statussymbool van de lege portemonnee. Knack (2017): Succesvolle autosector vindt geen bekwame medewerkers. Knack (2017): Autoverhuurder wordt leverancier van mobiliteit. KPMG (2015): Competing for the connected customer: perspectives on the opportunities created by car connectivity and automation. KPMG (2017): Global Automotive Executive Survey 2017. KPMG (2017): The Connected Car is here to Stay. KPMG (2018): 2018 Autonomous Vehicles Readiness Index. KPMG (2018): Global Automotive Executive Survey 2018. KPMG (2019): Will this be the end of car dealerships as we know them? Lazard, Roland Berger (2016): Global Automotive Supplier Study 2016, Being prepared for uncertainties. ManpowerGroup (2017): Talent Shortage Survey. McKinsey Company (2014): Innovating automotive retail. Journey towards a customer-centric, multiformat sales and service network. McKinsey Company (2015): Unlocking the Potential of the Internet of Things. McKinsey Company (2016): An Integrated Perspective on the Future of Mobility. McKinsey Company (2016): Automotive Revolution Perspective towards 2030. McKinsey Company (2016): Car Data: Paving the Way to Value-Creating Mobility. Perspectives on a New Automotive Business Model. McKinsey Company (2017): How shared mobility will change the automotive industry. Michelin (2015): Michelin Tire Care, la Puissance du Digital au Service des Transporteurs. PWC (2018): Five Trends Transforming the Automotive Industry. PWC (2019): The Future of Automotive Retail. Randstad (2017): Arbeidsmarktstudie. Reuters (2016): Ford plans self-driving car for ride share fleets in 2021. Reuters (2017): Chipmaker Nvidia’s CEO sees Fully Autonomous Cars within 4 Years. Statista (2017): Number of car dealerships in franchise networks in the United Kingdom (UK) between January 2015 and January 2017. WIRED (2018): The WIRED Guide to Self- Driving Cars. WSJ (2017): AutoNation’s CEO on the Future of Car Dealerships. 19
  • 20. WE MAKE CUSTOMER-CENTRICITY HAPPEN. PROFITABLY. Kapucinessenstraat 45, 2000 Antwerpen T: +32 3 2486 777 info@futurelab.net www.futurelab.net