For my Geed 162 Course

1. Fuat SUMER
071635
‘Conflict in Cyprus ’ in
20th century
Yesterday , Today ,
Tomorrow on the Cyprus…
1

2. Location Of Cyprus 1
2

3. Location Of Cyprus 2
• Cyprus is located in the Middle East, Asia.
• It is an island in the Mediterranean.
• South of Turkey. West of Syria and Lebanon. Israel to the
southeast, Egypt to the south, and Greece to the west-
north-west.
75 kms South of Turkey
•
105 kms West of Syria
•
380 kms North of Egypt
•
800 kms from the Greek Mainland.
•
3

4. A Short History
• 330 BC to AD 58 - Hellenistic Rule
• AD 58 to 395 - Romans Rule
• 395 to 647 - Byzantine Rule
• 647 to 965 - Arab Influence
• 1192 to 1571 - Venetians Influence
• 1571 - Turkish Rule
• 1878 - Turks Cede Cyprus to Britich Colonial Rule
• 1914 -British annexation of island – When Turkey sided with
Germany During WW1
• 1925 - Formally declared British Crown Colony – Turkey
Formally renounced all Controls
• 1960 - First President of Independent Cyprus
• 1983 - Turks proclaim Turkish Republic of Cyprus
• 2004 - Cyprus Become part of EU 4

5. Geo – Demo Characteristics
• Area: 9,251 km2 – 3rd Largest Mediterranean
Island(1.Sicily , 2.Sardinia)
• Official Languages: Greek , Turkish , English
widely spoken
• Capital : Nicosia ( GR: Lefkosia, TR Lefkoşa
• Currency: Euro , TL , Pound(£)
• Religion(s) : Greek Cypriots are Greek
Orthodox, Turkish Cypriots are Muslim, also small
groups of Jews, Baha’i, Protestant,
Roman Catholic,
Maronite, and
Armenian Apostolic.
5

6. Present Population
• The population of Cyprus ( in July 2009) is
796,740.
• The population is mostly Greek(78%), followed
by Turkish (18%), and lastly, other (5%). 6

7. Brief History Of Turks on Cyprus
• In 1570, a full scale
conquest under Piyale
Pasha with 60,000 troops
brought the island
under Ottoman Control.
• The island remained under
Ottoman rule for the next
three centuries.
7

8. Brief History Of Greeks on Cyprus
• The ancient Greeks
and Phoenicians
colonized Cyprus.
• Cyprus changed
hands several times
after Greeks but
they came back to
Cyprus after the
conquest of
Ottoman Empire .
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9. Brief History Of Great Britain on
Cyprus
In 1878, the Ottoman Empire
•
ceded Cyprus to Great Britain
so that Russian ambitions in
the Mediterranean could be
checked. During World War
one, Cyprus was formally
annexed by Great Britain as a
result of the Ottoman Empire's
decision to become an ally of
Germany.
n 1923, British rule over
•
Cyprus was formalized by the
Treaty of Lausanne while
Turkey formally renounced all
claims to Cyprus.
9

10. What are the Reasons of conflict?
• Autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus expressed
their desire for quot;enosisquot; between Cyprus and Greece.
• The movement for quot;enosisquot; ceased until the 1950's as a
result of British hostility and repression.
• Many Turkish Cypriots were killing from the Greeks day by
day.
• In 1964, a United Nations peace force was sent to the island
and secured a cease-fire. The truce was occasionally broken
by clashes between the two sides.
• Turkey made a Peace operation(Barış Harekatı) On 20 july
1974 to protect the Turkish cypriots from the Greek Cypriots.
10

11. Effects on Turks
•Turkish Cypriots were protect From the Greek Cypriots , their
Crime ana their Hellenistic ideas.
•Creation of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.Leader:Rauf
Dentaş
1964: Don McCullin was covering
the conflict in Cyprus for The
Observer newspaper when he
took this picture of a Turkish
woman who has discovered her

husband’s body.
11

12. Effects on Greeks
• Some Greek people
were Lost in the war.
• Greek Cypriots were
stop the ‘enosis’
which is integration
with Greece and
establish a Hellen
State.
12

13. Effects for Each Side
• The last divided capital city in the world is Nicosia, Cyprus.
• Armed soldiers line each side of a buffer zone, with Greeks living
on one side and Turks on the other.
• It became a very important issue For Turkey to Join EU in 15
years but south Cyprus joined EU.
• Many people lost their families , goods and homes…
13

14. Where are we now and Possible
Solutions?
• Today,both sides started to peace talks. If Both
sides make an equal agreement the peace will
come. If the island achieves unification, both
sides have much to gain. In addition to reducing
poverty in the north by way of its integration into
the EU, many Greek refugees who fled south in
1974 may finally have the opportunity to return
home. But Cyprus today might be closer to a
solution than ever before…
We seek peace, knowing that peace is the climate of freedom and Ease.
14

15. Pictures of Famagusta
15

16. Pictures of Kyrenia
16

17. Pictures From Nicosia
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18. Bibliography for Sites
• https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/cy.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Cyprus
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_under_the_Otto
man_Empire
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Cyprus
• http://history.howstuffworks.com/asian-
history/history-of-cyprus.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_history_of_Cyp
rus
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19. Bibliography for Pictures 1
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Cyprus_
topo.png (Physical map of Cyprus)
• http://cns.miis.edu/research/cyprus/region.gif ( Location Of
Cyprus)
• http://www.dzkk.tsk.mil.tr/images/tarihce/PiyalePasa.JPG
(Piyale Pasa)
• http://www.ntimages.net/Maps_Sat-views/cyprus-600.jpg
• http://www.costumes.org/history/greece/1882ancientgreece2.j
pg (Greek People)
• http://homepage.ntlworld.com/rob.latchford/PSB/Army07PSBC
vr.jpg (British Army)
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/tr/2/21/Sarayonu_Lefko
sa.JPG (Turkish tank)
• http://www.magusa.org/Arsiv/farsiv.htm ( Famagusta Pictures)
• http://www.girnebelediyesi.com/photogallery/ ( Kyrenia)
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20. Bibliography for Pictures 2
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pigbird.
•
com/images/press/4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pigbird.com/i
mages_press5.html&usg=__pwRr1fj60u9bZ0I9BOWoByx4LgQ
=&h=400&w=600&sz=65&hl=en&start=18&um=1&tbnid=v2V
uugEmRiaX3M:&tbnh=90&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3
Dconflict%2Bin%2Bcyprus%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26um
%3D1
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikim
•
edia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8a/Greek_Cypriot_prisoners_taken_to
_Adana_camps_Turkey_.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.middleeas
tinfo.org/forum/index.php%3Fshowtopic%3D14874&usg=__p
8ma8PNybTqzjGP-
UdCUwApQk8k=&h=444&w=600&sz=86&hl=en&start=25&um
=1&tbnid=uN2T3HTI8MmuAM:&tbnh=100&tbnw=135&prev=/i
mages%3Fq%3DGreek%2Bperson%2Bbefore%2B1974%26nd
sp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D18%26um
%3D1
http://www.sentezhaber.com/yazi_resim/lefkos.jpg
•
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