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2. Measles
Etiology
-RNA virus
-Paramyxoviridae family
-Morbillivirus genus
Infectivity/ Mode of spread:
-Droplet spray during prodromal phase
-Infective period
-4days before & 5 days
after the appearance of rash

3. Pathology:
- Essential lesion found in
skin
Mucous membrane
Conjunctiva
- Serous Exudate and proliferation of
mononuclear cells
-Lymphoid hyperplasias---Giant cells
-Interstitial Pneumonitis
-Encephalomyelitis
-SSPE

4. Eradicable disease ( like small pox)
Distinctive rash
No animal reservoir
No vector
Seasonal occurrence with disease free intervals
No transmissible latent virus
One Serotype
An Effective vaccine
> 90% Immunization coverage
produces disease free zones
Unusual before 6 month of age

5. Clinical Features:
Incubation period 10-12 days
prodromal phase 3-5 days
low to moderate fever
Hawking cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis & photophobia
Koplik spots ( pathogonomic sign)
Transverse line of conjunctival inflammation

6. Stage of Maculopapular Rash
(day 4-5)
-Temp. rises abruptly as the rash appears (104-105 F)
-Starts on upper lateral part of neck,
-Behind the ear, posterior part of check
-24hr upper chest
-Next 24hr Back, Abdomen
-On 3rd day reaches legs/feet and starts fading from
face
- Hemorrhagic, black Measles-confluent
rash, ecchymosis.
-Brawny desquamation and brownish discoloration –
called post measles staining-disappears 7-10 days

7. Diagnosis:
-Clinical
-Virus can be isolated
-Diagnostic rise in antibodies

8. Treatment:
-Supportive care
-Antipyretics
-Treatment of bacterial infection
-Nutritional support
-Vitamin A 100,000 units (6-12 months)
200,000 units (above 12 months)

9. Prevention:
Active Immunization
Live attenuated vaccine
Given at 9 months of age
95% protection
Prevents Measles if given within
three days of Exposure
Passive Immunization
Gamma Globulins 0.25 ml/kg IM
within 5 days after exposure

10. Different Diagnosis:
-Roseola Infantum
-Rubella
-Meningococcemia
-Drug Rash
-Scarlet Fever
-Infectious Mononucleosis
-Echo & Coxsackie

11. Complication:
-Otitis Media
-Pneumonia
-Encephalitis
-Post Measles Diarrhea
-Anergy to Tuberculin
-Hemorrhagic Measles
-Myocarditis
-SSPE