Gab mosquito whitepaper addendum 1 - v 1.0(a.)

CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
WHITEPAPER
Biological Abatement of
Mosquito Disease Vectors
A SUSTAINABLE AND COST- EFFECTIVE STRATEGY FOR PRODUCTION
OF NATIVE INVERTEBRATE AND FINFISH AQUATIC PREDATOR SPECIES
FOR VERY HIGH IN-SITU MOSQUITO LARVAE CONSUMPTION RATES
A Systems Approach for achieving the nonchemical control of the
Anopheles - Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex species
mosquitos responsible for Chikungunya, Dengue, Dog Heartworm,
Equine Encephalitis, Malaria, West Nile Virus, Yellow Fever and the
Zika Virus.
Global Aquatic Biosystems, Inc.
A Public Benefit collaboration between
Great Plains Biosciences Group, LLC
and AgOil International, Inc.
1000 N. Ashley Drive, Ste 900
Tampa FL 33602
www.globalaquaticbiosystems.com
info@globalaquaticbiosystems.com
Concepts, technologies and processes described herein are the Confidential and Proprietary Trade Secrets and
include Valuable IP Properties owned by, or licensed to, Global Aquatic BioSystems Inc,.Great Plains
Biosciences Group, LLC and/or AgOil, International, Inc., which are subject to U.S. Patent Pending, Patent(s)
Applied for and/or Patentable Documentation-in-Process status and are governed under terms of appropriate
Non-Disclosure Agreements.
Released: 2rd
Qtr 2017
ADDENDUM 1(a.)

Addendum 1(a.)
This Whitepaper addresses
Increasing Mosquito Disease Vector Morbidity & Mortality Threats
• More Deadly Malaria and Yellow Fever Virus Strains Have Evolved
• Mosquito-transmitted Zeka Virus Threatens Healthy Human Births
• Increasing Mosquito Immunity Developing to Adulticide Agents
• Climate Change Increasing Mosquito Range and Habitat
• Increasing Human Populations in Mosquito Habitat
Limitations of Current Mosquito Control Insecticides – “Adulticides”
Adulticides are Toxic Organochlorine & Organophosphate Nerve Agents
• Exposure Externalities are Extremely Pernicious - “Agent Orange 2.0”
• Cause Human Cancers, Developmental and Learning Disorders, Autism and
Disabilities, and Human, Livestock and Wildlife Death
• Kills non-Target Pollinators, Terrestrial & Aquatic Species
• Fogging/Spraying - Inefficient vs Aquatic Control Measures (US CDC)
Adulticide Chemicals have been Restricted in US Ag & Banned by EU
The Aedes aegypti mosquito - the Malaria, Yellow Fever and Zika virus threat carrier - is
spreading to more places in the US, per the Centers for Disease Control report of 17 February
2017 report.(A.1.a)
The Aedes aegypti mosquito no longer just in the Gulf of Mexico states, but also now found in
the mid-Atlantic, as well as Arizona, California, and New Mexico, plus big cities including
Chicago where mosquitos keep getting brought back.
The CDC has determined that it’s in 38 more counties than previously believed, a 21%
increase.
This document proposes Industrial-Scale Production/Distribution of Natural
Mosquito Larvae Aquatic Predators to maintain Preventative “Firewalls” against
Mosquito Disease Vector Pandemics, and Restricting the use of Toxic Nerve
Agent Adulticides.
A Natural Biology-Based Mosquito Control Program is
• Approved by Agencies, Recognized as Safe and Efficient
• Traditional, Cost Effective and Ecologically Responsible
– Avoids Toxic Nerve Agents’ Externalities
New research presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies 30 April 2016 Meeting suggests
that aerial spraying of anti-mosquito pesticides increased the risk of autism spectrum
disorder by 25% and developmental delays among children.(A.1.b)
Add’l References www.globalaquaticbiosystems.com
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN104500.pdf
https://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/mosquito/

This information is the Proprietary, Confidential and Valuable Intellectual Property (IP) of Global Aquatic BioSystems, Inc.
Order of Presentation
Section Title Page
Preface 1
1.0 MOSQUITO ABATEMENT PROGRAM OVERVIEW 2
1.1 A Natural Biology-Based Mosquito Control Program 2
1.2 Climate Change 2
1.3 “Drain the Swamp” for Mosquito Control 2
1.4 Modern Mosquito Control Methods 3
1.5 Safe and Cheap Pesticides R&D 4
1.6 Naled, Mosquito Vector Control Agencies’ “Go-to” Aerosol Insecticide 4
1.7 DEET Topical Mosquito Repellant 5
1.8 Direct Costs of Mosquito-transmitted Diseases 6
1.9 Biological Abatement Program’s Value Proposition 7
2.0 MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE 9
2.1 All Mosquitos species go thru four distinct stages 9
2.2 The first three stages occur in water 9
2.3. The adult mosquito emerges on the water’s surface and flies away 9
Fig. 1. Mosquito Life Cycle 10
3.0 MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES 10
3.1 Mosquitos - the source of more human morbidity and mortality 10
3.2 Malaria 10
3.3 Yellow Fever 11
Table 1. Major Yellow Fever Epidemics in the Continental US
3.4 Chikungunya 11
3.5 Dog Heart Worm 12
3.6 Dengue 12
3.7 West Nile Virus (WNV) 12
3.8 Zika Virus 13
3.9 Zika Virus Birth Defects, Paralysis and Death 13
4.0 BREVARD CO FL MOSQUITO CONTROL PESTICIDES
ENVIRONMENTAL & HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH 14
4.1 Mosquito Pesticide Effects Research at University of Florida 14

This information is the Proprietary, Confidential and Valuable Intellectual Property (IP) of Global Aquatic BioSystems, Inc.
4.2 Pesticides far more dangerous; alternative replacement critical 14
4.3 Background on Brevard's Mosquito Pesticides 14
4.4 What You Need To Know About Naled 16
5.0 GLOBAL’S BIOLOGICAL MOSQUITO CONTROL PROGRAM 17
5.1 Our labs produce Algae, Zooplankton and Fish 17
Fig. 2. Diversified Algae Production 17
5.2 Biological Mosquito Control Program – Rotifers and Copepods 17
Fig. 3. Microalgae and Zooplankton Production 18
5.3 Biological Mosquito Control Program - Rotifers 18
5.4 Biological Mosquito Control Program - Copepods 18
5.5 Biological Mosquito Control Program - Finfish 20
5.6 Biological Mosquito Control Program - Other 21
6.0 FOOD, MEDICINES AND ANIMAL FEED FROM ALGAE 22
6.1 Chlorella - A Valuable Algae 22
6.2 Chlorella’s Nutritional Bioavailability and Health Benefits 22
6.3 Nutritious Algae for Zooplankton and Mosquitofish 23
6.4 Algae Production utilizing Photobioreactor Technology 23
6.5 Photobioreactor Designs 24
6.6 Photobioreactor Systems Techno Economic Advantages 24
7.0 PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION 25
7.1 Global Aquatic BioSystems, Inc. 25
7.2 Great Plains Biosciences Group, LLC 25
7.3 AgOil International, Inc. 25
7.4 AgOil Patented Algae Growth System 26
7.5 Zooplankton, finfish, dragonflies, damselflies and bats 26
7.6 Copepod and mosquitofish distribution logistics 27
Appendix
A. Footnotes to Whitepaper 29
B. Footnotes to Addendum 1(a.) 31
C. Global Aquatic BioSystems’ Principals 32
D. Bibliography 36
E. NALED Insecticide Fact Sheet 44
Fig 4. Life Cycle Of The Malaria Parasite 51

This information is the Proprietary, Confidential and Valuable Intellectual Property (IP) of Global Aquatic BioSystems, Inc. 1
Preface
Mosquitoes are the source of more human suffering and devastation than have resulted from any
other single origin. It is believed that Malaria and Yellow Fever have killed more human beings than
all of History’s Wars and Plagues combined. Researchers report that, worldwide, more than one
million deaths and 300 - 500 million malaria cases occur annually, killing a child every 40 seconds.
As the Middle Ages’ and subsequent Black Death Plague cycles changed human History, mosquito-
borne diseases similarly impacted humanity in cycles of suffering and death. For centuries, human
disease depopulation events were thought to result from “bad air,” hence “Malaria’s” etymology, or by
fomites, contaminated personal articles such as bedding or clothing. By the mid 1880’s, Carlos Juan
Finlay developed an insect transmission hypothesis. In 1896, Bacillus icteroides was isolated from
Yellow Fever patients by Giuseppe Sanarelli.
During the US Civil War, 1861-1865, disease accounted for 2 of every 3 combatant deaths; during the
Spanish American War, 1898, the US Army’s casualties from disease were 89.9% of Total US Deaths.
Army Medical Corps officers Walter Reed, Aristides Agramonte and James Carroll were appointed to
investigate Sanarelli’s bacillus, identifying it in one-third of the Yellow Fever patients surveyed. In
1900 Dr. Reed proved that Yellow Fever was caused by the bite of infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
The island of Guadalcanal is in the South Pacific Solomon Islands Group. Its location allowed
Japanese naval and aviation forces to threatened Australia and New Zealand. The US Guadalcanal
Campaign was conducted between August 1942 - February 1943. My father was a Combat Engineer
Officer in the US Army’s Americal Division on Guadalcanal. My Dad told me that insect and climate
factors were equivalent or greater threats to the US Forces than were the Japanese enemy. When the
First Marine Division was finally relieved, it had been decimated by combat losses and tropical
disease. The First Marine Division essentially had to be reconstituted.
Officially: “The greatest single factor reducing troop effectiveness on Guadalcanal was disease,
particularly malaria. For every man who became a casualty in combat, five fell to malaria. Until a more
effective prophylaxis became available, tropical diseases would continue to degrade the efficiency of
ground operations in tropical areas.” DDT was later used extensively by US forces in WW2.
Current mosquito control protocols rely on chlorinated hydrocarbon and organophosphate
insecticides and larvicides. Researchers are recognizing that insecticide spraying has minimum effect
in controlling the Aedes aegypti mosquito responsible for Yellow Fever, Malaria, Chikungunya,
Dengue, and Zika viruses, Asian Tiger or Culex Mosquito, identified in West Nile virus transmission.
The long-term ecological and human toxicological consequences’ resulting from the mosquito control
chemical currently in use is of major concern. The full effects of their residues in the soil and water
column are not yet fully known nor are the health risks from contaminated drinking water. DDT was
banned after its significant environmental problems were exposed by Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring.
The Half-Life of Plutonium, Pu239, is 24,100 years. Halogenated hydrocarbon compounds do not
have a Half-Life; when, for example, Chlorine is compounded with Hydrogen and Carbon, the product
does not degrade over time; these compounds maintain their toxicity ad infinitum.
Predation of mosquito larvae by the Western Mosquito Fish has successfully reduced mosquito
infestations in the US since 1905; additionally, predacious copepods, tiny crustaceans which are
known voracious eaters of mosquito larvae, are successful and efficient natural biological mosquito
abatement agents; predator copepod and finfish habitat stocking programs are proven success stories.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has stated that “adulticiding, application of
chemicals to kill adult mosquitoes by ground or aerial applications, is usually the least efficient
mosquito control technique.” Currently, the primary means of efficiently achieving problem mosquito
vector control is the elimination of the mosquito’s aquatic breeding habitat.
This paper identifies methods that have been used successfully and confirmed by researchers, and
practice, which efficiently achieve abatement of mosquito populations without use of toxic chemicals.
- F.D. Parker August 29, 2016

1.0 MOSQUITO ABATEMENT PROGRAM OVERVIEW (1.) (2.) (3.) (4.) (5.) (6.) (7.)
1.1 A Natural Biology-Based Mosquito Control Program
1.1.1 This paper presents a natural biology-based control program which achieves mosquito
abatement and avoids the significant human health and ecological dangers resulting
from the toxic mosquito control poisons presently used to combat mosquito plagues.
1.1.2 This paper offers an alternate, environmentally responsible, cost-effective and
appropriate Systems Approach to mosquito abatement and control.
1.1.3 This solution achieves mosquito abatement and the reduction and even potential
elimination of the extremely dangerous chemical poisons that are applied in residential
and business areas, often directly on the inhabitants, children, pets and livestock.
1.2 Climate Change
1.2.1 Once prevalent worldwide, malaria and yellow fever were virtually eradicated in the
industrial economies following the Second World War largely due to effective insect
control poisons and improvements in sanitation practices.
i. However as of 2012, half the world’s population remains at risk for malaria,
according to the WHO.
ii. Compounding these problems, globally increasing temperatures, deforestation,
expanding mono-cropping, irrigation and other anthropological environmental
changes are introducing mosquitoes to expanded territories worldwide.
ii. Today in sub-Saharan Africa, malaria’s range is expanding to higher elevations
than have ever been previously established.
1.3 “Drain the Swamp” for Mosquito Control
1.3.1 The expression “drain the swamp” has a long history in our lexicon; the saying refers to
controlling disease-carrying mosquitoes by eliminating their aquatic breeding sites.
1.3.2 Mosquito-borne diseases have played havoc on human populations and livestock from
prehistory through this evening’s television news reports.
1.3.3 Due to chronic malaria epidemics, Roman engineers built canals to drain the Pontine
Marshes’ mosquito habitat; Mussolini’s engineers finally eliminated this mosquito
habitat and it’s malarial consequences in the 1930’s.
1.3.4 Wetlands are now recognized as beneficial and are rarely drained for mosquito control
or urban development.
i. Benefits of holding some runoff on site to replenish belowground aquifers and
reduce downstream erosion are becoming more important factors.
1.3.5 Stormwater infrastructure has been identified as a major source of mosquito habitat in
metropolitan areas and can be the single largest source of mosquito vectors.
1.3.6 Retention of stormwater runoff in engineered water-quality structures, water
harvesting containers, and other similar structures, create potential mosquito habitat.
i. Stormwater drainage ditches, storm drains and catch basins are primary
mosquito breeding habitat.
ii. Even during drought cycles, irrigation and other sources of dry-weather runoff
replenish standing water in stormwater catch basins and other structures,
allowing mosquitoes to breed.

iii. Below-average rainfall in many areas of the country suggest that mosquito
populations would be negatively affected.
a. This may have been true for some species, but others flourished in urban
stormwater infrastructure where dry-weather flows maintained standing
water habitats.
b. Stormwater catch basins should be regularly inspected and dosed with
mosquito larvicides as appropriate.
c. Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) larvicides are environmentally
appropriate, biologically based and mosquito-specific control agents.
d. Bti compounds are considered safe by the World Health Organization for
human, fish, avian and non-mosquito family insect populations.
1.4 Modern Mosquito Control Methods
1.4.1 From antiquity to modern times, successful mosquito control results have been
achieved by the disruption of the mosquitos’ aquatic breeding cycle, by elimination of
swamps and ponds and by the introduction of mosquito larvae predators;
i. since the Second World War, mosquito control measures have also included the
application of highly toxic organochlorine and organophosphate-based and
pyrethroid compounds.
ii. Initially, DDT suppressed mosquito outbreaks, but mosquito immunity to DDT
developed and infestations began to be even more severe than previously.
1.4.2 Spraying of insecticide poisons is minimally effectiveness in controlling the Mosquito
as the chemicals must directly contact the insect while it is airborne.
1.4.3 These chemicals are exceptionally dangerous to humans and wildlife; they do not
biodegrade and accumulate in the soil and water column, posing current and long-
term health risks to every living thing in the affected area.
1.4.4 “Attacking malaria around the world and using a lot of drugs will generate drug-
resistant parasites.
1.4.5 And attacking mosquitoes around the world and using a lot of insecticides will
generate insecticide-resistant mosquitoes,” said Sir Richard Feachem, former
executive director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and
current director of the Global Health Group at the University of California, San
Francisco.
1.4.6 Joseph Conlon, American Mosquito Control Association spokesman, said there are far
better strategies to combat mosquitos than spraying or fogging with toxic chemicals.
i. Joseph Conlon said that the most effective way to combat disease-carrying
mosquitoes is to break the mosquitos’ aquatic breeding cycle, and remove all
water containers and clean up any trash around the house.
ii. Unfortunately, instead of educating at-risk communities, public health policies
for mosquito diseases abatement continually emphasize dangerous poisons use.

1.5 Safe and Cheap Pesticides R&D
1.5.1 The pesticide industry has recently begun searching for insecticide replacements that
are low cost, lethal to insects yet environmentally safe and safe for humans, especially
children.
1.5.2 For decades, there was virtually no investment into insecticide research designed to
protect public health.
i. “The whole field just went dead,” said Sir Richard Feachem.
ii. Instead, efforts focused exclusively on agriculture.
1.5.3 “From the ‘70s onwards, there’ve been eight new classes of chemistries for agriculture
and none for public health,” said John Lucas, business development manager for
global vector control at Sumitomo Chemical, one of the companies now working with
the consortium.
i. “To be honest, the market is huge in ag and relatively tiny in public health,”
Lucas said.
1.6 Naled, Mosquito Vector Control Agencies’ “Go-to” Aerosol Insecticide
1.6.1 Technically, Naled is Dibromo-2-Dichloroethylphosphate.
i. This is a derivative of Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (also known as DBCP),
which farmers in all 50 states stopped using as of 1985.
ii. Naled contains the organophosphate trichlorfon, a powerful neurotoxin
associated with an increased risk of human cancers, autism and birth defects.
1.6.2 Naled is a ubiquitous component of the commercial mosquito-control insecticides and
is applied as an aerosol mist by backpack, vehicular and aerial spraying or “fogging”.
1.6.3 Naled/trichlorfon is an extremely toxic class of nerve agent known to cause respiratory
problems, hypotension, incontinence, gastrointestinal disorders, blurred vision, and
excessive sweating and is likely one of the contributing factors in many neuro-
degenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease.
i. Symptoms of exposure to naled and all organophosphate insecticides include
headaches, muscle twitching, nausea, diarrhea, difficult breathing, naled kills
insects by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme involved in the
transmission of nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another.
a.) This causes a “jam” in the transmission system, resulting in restlessness,
depression, seizures, and loss of consciousness.
ii. More severe cases can cause tremors, seizures, coma, convulsions, paralysis,
cancers of the thyroid, breasts, ovaries, esophagus, kidneys and colon, leukemia,
and even death.
iii. A 2014 study conducted at the University of California, showed that pregnant
women living within a few miles of farms where pesticides like Naled were
sprayed had a sixty percent (60%) increased risk of their child
developing autism spectrum disorders or experiencing developmental delays.
iv. Research provides strong evidence to support an environmental explanation for
the large increases being observed nationally in children with attention deficit
disorders (A.D.D.), learning disabilities and other behavior disorders such as
hyperactivity, aggressive disorders and emotional handicaps (EH).

a.) The percentage of Florida students diagnosed with learning disabilities has
risen from 0.50% in 1971 to over 6% by 1998.
b.) Florida’s Governor Scott, speaking to Florida’s Summer 2016 Zika virus
outbreak, announced that mosquito control measures, such as increased
spraying of pesticides, are being stepped up in Miami’s newly announced
transmission zone.
v. Environmental and chemical exposure factors can cause damage to the delicate
brain growth processes in the unborn child during pregnancy, thereby
demonstrating potential to cause Learning Disabilities, Attention Deficit
Disorder, Hyperactivity and other child behavior anomalies.
vi. Microcephaly is a congenital defect of cranium and brain size which results in
profound brain anomalies in newborns which usually result in the death of the
infant.
vii. As of May, 2016, medical researchers conclude that a causal relationship exists
between prenatal Zika Virus infection and microcephaly and other serious
brain anomalies.
viii. Other research is investigating the possibility that the microcephaly cases are
the results of the significantly high rates of Naled/trichlorfon -based insecticides
which had been applied in the affected communities in the prior months.
1.6.4 Naled also causes many additional problems; it not only negatively affects human health,
but it's also highly toxic for fish, birds, and beneficial insects, especially bees.
1.7 DEET Topical Mosquito Repellant
1.7.1 Chemically, DEET is "N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide"
i. When DEET is combined with carbamate class pesticide chemicals, which are
found everywhere in the food supply, the result is a "hyper toxic" brain
damaging chemical cocktail that radically damages brain function.
ii. One of the chemical classes is similar to VX Nerve Gas chemical weapons that
kill mammals within seconds.
iii. Similar to Naled, this chemical cocktail functions as an "acetylcholinesterase
inhibitor," meaning it "paralyzes" brain cells after causing them to be hyper
stimulated.
a.) The result is cognitive confusion, fear, memory loss and other symptoms
that curiously resemble the brain damage we're all told is caused by Zika
virus.
iv. Blocking AChE causes "disrupted neurotransmission" and other damaging
effects to brain cells:
a.) "The enzyme inactivation, induced by various inhibitors, leads to
acetylcholine accumulation, hyperstimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic
receptors, and disrupted neurotransmission."
v. AChE inhibitors work similarly to carbamate and organophosphate pesticides --
two classes of chemicals routinely sprayed all over the national food supply --
meaning that people who slather their skin with DEET are poisoning themselves
with brain-disrupting pesticide chemicals.

a. "In medicine and agriculture, the word 'organophosphates' refers to a
group of insecticides and nerve agents that inhibit AChE."
b. These organophosphates "exert their main toxicological effects through
non-reversible phosphorylation of esterases in the central nervous
system."
c. "The acute toxic effects are related to irreversible inactivation of AChE."
d. In other words, some classes of AChE inhibitors can cause irreversible
damage to the central nervous system.
1.7.2 DEET "toxicity is primarily neurologic (encephalopathy, seizures,
movement disorders, coma) and may occur via oral or dermal exposure,
most commonly in children."
i. "dermal exposure" (i.e. putting it on your skin) and appears "most
commonly in children" and can result in "seizures" and
"encephalopathy" in those children.
ii. Symptoms of DEET Exposure:
a. Eye and mucous membrane irritation.
b. Ingestion can cause CNS disturbances.
c. Desquamation about the nose, dryness of face, a slight tingling sensation.
d. Toxicity is primarily neurologic (encephalopathy, seizures, movement
disorders, coma) and may occur via oral or dermal exposure, most
commonly in children.
e. Bradycardia is rare but has been reported after dermal exposure to
DEET.
f. Hypotension has been reported after large ingestions.
g. Eye contact may result in a smarting sensation. A burning sensation of
the lips, tongue and mouth may be noted.
h. Confusion, ataxia, hypertonicity, and clonic jerking progressing to coma
and seizures may occur after acute oral or chronic dermal exposure.
i. Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.
1.8 Direct Costs of Mosquito-transmitted Diseases
i. Annual Livestock Losses (USA) $ 61 M/Year
ii. Eastern Equine Encephalitis (USA) Fatalities – 30% of Infected Victims
$ 3 M medical cost per Survivor
25,000 Horse Deaths, 2000-2007
iii. Japanese Encephalitis (Asia/Pacific) 30,000-50,000 Infections/Year
iv. La Cross Encephalitis (USA) $ 35,000 -to- $ 3.1 M per Infection
v. St. Louis Encephalitis (USA) 15% Florida Tourism Decline
following 1990 Outbreak

vi. West Nile Virus (USA) 30,000 Infections, 2001-2015
1,200 Fatalities, 2001-2015
$ 200 M DIRECT COSTS in 2002
vii. Western Equine Encephalitis (USA) $ 21,000 -to- $ 3 M per Infection
viii. Dengue Fever (WORLDWIDE) 50 M -to- 100 M Infections/Year
(N & S America) $ 2.1 BILLION - 2010
ix. Malaria (Asia, Africa, Pacific, SAmerica) 250 M Infections/Year
100 M+ Fatalities/Year
$ 12 BILLION/Year
40% of Public Health Costs
1.3% of GDP
x. Yellow Fever (Africa) 200,000 Infections/Year
30,000 Fatalities/Year
$ 330 M, 2011-2015
1.9 Biological Mosquito Abatement Program’s Value Proposition
1.9.1 Global Aquatic BioSystems, Inc. is a Public Benefit enterprise collaboration between
Great Plains Biosciences Group, LLC (Great Plains) and AgOil International, Inc.
(AgOil).
1.9.2 The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has stated that
“adulticiding, application of chemicals to kill adult mosquitoes by ground or aerial
applications, is usually the least efficient mosquito control technique.”
i. Currently, the primary means of efficiently achieving mosquito
vector control is the elimination of its’ aquatic breeding habitat.
1.9.3 Global Aquatic Biosystems’ herein presented mosquito vector control program
assumes a new paradigm in long term mosquito control and abatement using all
natural methods to:
i. reduce the illness, death and devastation to humans, livestock and the economic
costs caused from mosquito disease vectors;
ii. reduce the use of hazardous chemicals and their harmful and costly side effects
on humans, livestock, soil, water and air quality, food production, and supply;
iii. create a new industry and jobs that provide a safe environment for the workers
and public.
iv. reduce future mosquito vector disease outbreak incidents and the associated
mosquito control and emergency funding needs; and
v. utilize natural biological agents to which mosquitos are unable to develop
immunities;
a. mosquitos have developed immunities to every chemical
insecticide control agent previously and currently in use.

1.9.4 Global Aquatic Biosystems’ program achieves mosquito vector control while reducing
and potentially eliminating the toxic and extremely dangerous chlorinated
hydrocarbon and organophosphate powerful neurotoxin insecticides and larvicides
currently in use known to be associated with increased risk of human cancers, autism
and birth defects.
i. This program is a sustainable and cost-effective solution that primarily
produces indigenous native invertebrate and finfish aquatic predator species for
very high in-situ mosquito larvae consumption rates.
ii. This program produces and distributes predator zooplankton and finfish to
candidate mosquito breeding water bodies.
a. Robust breeding populations of indigenous predator copepod and finfish are
established and maintained with these beneficial aquatic predators regularly
replenished on an as-needed programmed basis by this vector control
program.
b. These indigenous species are a part of the natural aquatic food chain and
contribute to improved regional sport fishing attributes as they are in turn
consumed by larger predator species.
c. These aquatic predators are also provided to government agencies and
individuals for their application to candidate sites.
iii. These recommended program elements are known to be efficient and effective
measures for killing the mosquito in its aquatic habitat.
iv. This program fosters dramatically improved Child Welfare benefits.
v. This program fosters dramatically improved Public Health benefits
vi. This program fosters lower direct and indirect parasitic Healthcare current and
future years’ costs.
vii. These programs are far more cost-effective than the current programs that rely
on chemical poisons and will not result in the mosquito’s development of
immunity to the control agents
a. Costs are associated with the construction and operation of the aquatic
predator production labs and lab and logistics staffs that requires funding,
which is not required when only buying insecticides.
b. Ongoing predatory zooplankton and finfish Production and O&M costs
produce these mosquito vector control agents at sustainably low “out the
door” costs while eliminating all of the collateral human, livestock and
ecological damage/destruction.
c. This proposed program’s Net Effective Costs are dramatically more
factorable than the current costs of continuing application of poisonous
insecticides when human morbidity and mortality, ecological consequences
and loss of business and tax revenue externalities are appropriately
accounted for.
d. Additionally, this program fosters employment and educational
benefits and creates a legacy appropriate environmental platform.
1.9.5 Leveraging “Sustainable” environmental management tactics that are proving very
successful:

i. Draining ditches and removing weeds to eliminate sites for mosquitoes to breed –
traditional practices largely abandoned with the advent of DDT – helped cut malaria
cases by more than half in Mexico and Central America in recent years.
ii. Some Mexican states control mosquitoes that breed in algae-covered ponds by
skimming the water surface once a week.
iii. Other places, including many parts of the U.S. and Europe, treat breeding sites with
biological agents that kill insect larvae.
iv. Demonstration Programs conducted in Florida and The Republic of Vietnam
confirmed that zooplankton predators, copepods, were extremely efficient mosquito
vector control agents, achieving 90-to-99% reduction of mosquito populations and
reduction of disease.
1.9.6 Each Global Aquatic BioSystems’ standard production lab will produce at least 220 Billion
copepods per year at a projected cost of $12.22/Million which can potentially consume more
than 662.6 Trillion mosquito larvae (5 Yr. average, 4 recharge cycles/Yr. 33% survival rate
and 20 larvae/copepod/Day).
i. As many as 21 Million mosquitofish will be produced at a per-unit cost of $ 0.02;
ii. Each Global Aquatic BioSystems standard production lab will produce an annual
mosquito vector abatement capability in excess of 1,000 Trillion larvae/Year.
2.0 MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE (8.) (9.)
2.1 All mosquito species go through four distinct stages during their life cycle.
a) egg - hatches when exposed to water;
b) larva - (plural: larvae) "wriggler" lives in water; molts several times; most
species surface to breathe air;
c) pupa - (plural: pupae) "tumbler" does not feed; stage just before emerging as
adult’
d) adult - flies short time after emerging and after its body parts have hardened.
2.2 The first three stages occur in water, but the adult is an active flying insect.
2.2.1 Only the female mosquito feeds on the blood of humans or other animals.
a) After she obtains a blood meal, the female mosquito lays the eggs directly on or
near water, soil and at the base of some plants in places that may fill with water.
The eggs can survive dry conditions for a few months.
b) The eggs hatch in water and a mosquito larva or "wriggler" emerges. The length
of time to hatch depends on water temperature, food and type of mosquito.
c) The larva lives in the water, feeds and develops into the third stage of the life
cycle called, a pupa or "tumbler." The pupa also lives in the water but no longer
feeds.
d) Finally, the mosquito emerges from the pupal case after two days to a week in
the pupal stage.
e) The life cycle typically takes up two weeks, but depending on conditions, it can
range from 4 days to as long as a month.
2.3 The adult mosquito emerges onto the water's surface and flies away, completing its
lifecycle.

Fig 1. Mosquito Life Cycle (8.)
3.0 MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES (9.) (10.)
3.1 Mosquitoes are the source of more human suffering, morbidity and mortality than
from any other single source - over one million people worldwide die from mosquito-
borne diseases annually, with associated Public Health and GDP economic
consequences.
3.1.1 Mosquitoes not only carry diseases that afflict human populations, they also infect dog
and horse populations with diseases and parasites.
3.2 Malaria
3.2.1 The malaria parasite (plasmodium) is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. In
North America Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Anopheles freeborni are the primary
vector of the Plasmodium vivax (the malaria protozoa).
3.2.2 Malaria is an ancient disease which, with Yellow Fever, has killed more humans than
all of History’s wars, Plagues and pestilence combined. Researchers report that,
worldwide, more than one million deaths and 300 - 500 million malaria cases are still
reported annually; these statistics indicate that malaria kills one child every 40
seconds.
3.2.3 In the United States mosquito borne diseases affected colonization patterns, economic
and political development along the Atlantic and Gulf littorals and wasn't effectively
controlled until the 1940s.
3.2.4 Scotland’s Caledonia colony in Panama’s Gulf of Darian collapsed in March 1700 due
to mosquito-borne epidemics, contributing to Scotland’s economic devastation and
continued political and economic subjugation by England for the next 300 additional
years.
3.2.5 Approximately 40% of the world's population is susceptible to malaria, mostly in
tropical and sub-tropical regions.

3.2.6 Organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides have greatly reduced malarial
mosquito health threats in the world’s temperate zones since their development in the
20th century, however, malaria is still present in northern Europe.
3.3 Yellow Fever
3.3.1 Caused by the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti, Yellow Fever, with a 400-year
history, currently occurring only in tropical areas of Africa and the Americas; it does
not occur in Asia.
Table 1. Major Yellow Fever Epidemics in the Continental United States (13.)
Date Location Date Location Comments
1690 New York 1793 Philadelphia PA
Severe
1603 Boston, MA 1794 Philadelphia PA
1699 Charleston, SC 1796-7 Philadelphia PA
1699 Philadelphia, PA 1798 Philadelphia PA Severe
1702 New York 1803 New York
1706 Charleston, SC 1841 Nationwide Severe in South
1732 Charleston, SC 1847 New OrleansLA
1732 New York 1850 Nationwide
1734 Virginia 1852 Nationwide New Orleans: 8k dead
1741 Virginia 1850 Nationwide Many Areas
1762 Philadelphia, PA 1878 New OrleansLA Last Major Epidemic
1775 NE America 1886 Jacksonville FL
3.3.2 Annually, about 200,000 cases occur with 30,000 deaths in 33 countries.
3.3.3 Following a Yellow Fever outbreak in the Mississippi Valley killing 20,000 people in
1878, the Federal Government began initiating public health reform programs.
3.3.4 June 2016 - Congo declares yellow fever epidemic with 1,000 cases (11.) (12.)
a) “An outbreak of yellow fever has hit the Democratic Republic of Congo, just
weeks after the Red Cross warned that another outbreak in neighboring Angola
risked sparking a “global crisis”.
b) Evidence is mounting that the current outbreak of yellow fever is becoming the
latest global health emergency; vaccine “supply shortages could spark a health
security crisis.”
3.4 Chikungunya
3.4.1 The mosquito species that transmit the Chikungunya virus is a pathogen transmitted
by the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus and the Yellow Fever Mosquito,
Aedes aegypti.
3.4.2 Although rarely fatal, the symptoms are debilitating and excruciating joint pain which
may persist for several weeks. There is no vaccine and treatment is limited to pain
medication.

3.4.3 Mosquito control methods of truck-mounted and aerial insecticide spraying have
minimum benefit as it is difficult to obtain contact with the agent spray droplets during
mosquito flight. Currently, the primary means of controlling both species is to
eliminate their breeding habitat.
3.5 Dog Heartworm
3.5.1 Dog heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, can be a life-threatening disease for canines. The
disease is caused by a roundworm through the bite of a mosquito carrying the larvae of
the worm.
3.5.2 The disease is dependent on both the mammal and the mosquito to fulfill its life cycle.
The young worms (microfilaria) circulate in the blood stream of the dog.
3.5.3 These worms must infect a mosquito in order to complete their lifecycle; mosquitoes
become infected when they blood feed on the sick dog.
3.6 Dengue
3.6.1 Dengue is a serious arboviral disease of the Americas, Asia and Africa spread by Aedes
aegypti and Aedes albopictus.
3.6.2 While dengue has a low mortality, its victims experience very painful symptoms and
has become more serious, both in frequency and mortality, in recent years.
3.6.3 These mosquitoes are not well controlled by standard insecticide spraying techniques.
3.7 West Nile virus (WNV)
3.7.1 West Nile Virus (WNV) emerged in Uganda, Africa, in 1937, then migrated to the
Middle East, Europe, and Asia.
3.7.2 West Nile Virus is a Flavivirus with more than 70 currently identified associated
viruses; it is cycled between birds and mosquitoes and transmitted to mammals,
including horses and man by infected mosquitoes, the Culex pipiens group is the most
common mosquito species associated with transmission.
3.7.3 There is now a vaccine for horses.
3.7.4 There are varying degrees of severity of the WNV illness in humans:
a) West Nile Fever might be the least severe in "flu"- like symptoms lasting a few
days or weeks;
b) The other types are grouped as "neuroinvasive disease" affecting the nervous
system;
c) West Nile encephalitis which affects the brain; and
d) West Nile meningitis (meningoencephalitis), which is an inflammation of the
brain and the membrane surrounding it.
3.7.5 WNV first appeared in North America in 1999 in New York State.
3.7.6 As of 2014, there have been 36,437 cases of WNV reported to the Center for Disease
Control and Prevention, 15,774 have resulted in meningitis/encephalitis and 1538 were
fatal.
3.7.7 The CDC estimates that there have been at least 1.5 million infections (82% are
asymptomatic) and over 350,000 cases of WNV, but the disease is grossly under
reported due to its similarity to other viral infections.

3.8 Zika Virus
3.8.1 Zika was first detected in 1947 in the Zika Forest of Uganda, Africa; it is a Flavivirus
related to West Nile, Yellow Fever, St Louis and the equine encephalitides.
a) Following its discovery in 2014 off the coast of South America, Zika cases have
been found in 35 countries in the Western Hemisphere.
3.8.2 The Zika transmission vector is typically through the bit of an infected Aedes agypti or
Aedes albopictus mosquito; however in rare cases Zika can be spread through sexual
contact with an infected person.
a) These mosquitoes are not well controlled by standard spraying techniques as it
is difficult to obtain contact with the insecticide spray droplets during mosquito
flight.
b) Currently, the primary means of controlling both species is to eliminate their
breeding habitat.
3.8.3 The Zika virus infection is typically a mild, “Flu”- like illness, with fever, rash, and joint
pain lasting a few days to several weeks.
3.8.4 Many cases are not reported as patients are often not sufficiently ill to seek medical
treatment.
3.8.5 It is believed that immunity is developed following the first Zika infection.
3.9 Zika Virus Birth Defects, Paralysis and Death (14.) (15.) (16.) (17.)
3.9.1 Occasionally, paralysis and death has been linked to Zika infection due to Guillain-
Barré syndrome, an autoimmune condition which causes nerve cell damage.
3.9.2 The Zika virus has spread rapidly in the Americas since being identified in Brazil in
2015.
a) As of May, 2016, medical researchers conclude that a causal relationship exists
between prenatal Zika Virus infection and microcephaly and other serious brain
anomalies.
b) Microcephaly is a congenital defect of cranium and brain size which results in
profound brain anomalies in newborns which usually result in the death of the
infant.
3.9.3 A group of South American doctors are now saying the brain deformations the world is
witnessing are caused by the mass fumigation of low-income Brazilian people with
chemical larvicides, not by mosquitoes carrying the Zika virus.
3.9.4 The doctors at Red Universitaria de Ambiente y Salud have published:
a) A dramatic increase of congenital malformations, especially
microcephaly in newborns, was detected and quickly linked to the
Zika virus by the Brazilian Ministry of Health.
b) However, they fail to recognize that in the area where most of the
sick persons live, a chemical larvicide producing malformations in
mosquitoes has been applied for 18 months, and that this poison
(pyroproxyfen) is applied by the State on drinking water used by
the affected population.
3.9.5 As of 28 April 2016, 426 reported cases of Zika virus in the United States due to travel
to endemic areas.

a) Local transmission within the continental United States has, as yet, 28 April
2016, not been reported.
b) Of these 426 cases, thirty-two were pregnant women and seven were
sexually transmitted.
c) N0te: as of 02 August, 2016, 14 cases of Zika Virus have been reported having
been contracted in the Miami Florida area, and several businesses have
temporally closed due to the Zika threat. (18.)
3.9.6 Dr. Anne Schuchat from the CDC said the Zika virus is more of a threat than
previously thought
a) “Most of what we’ve learned is not reassuring.
b) Everything we look at with this virus seems to be a bit scarier than we
initially thought.”
3.9.7 Dr. Anthony Fauci from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease said:
a) “This is a very unusual virus that we can’t pretend to know everything about.
b) I’m not an alarmist… but the more we learn about the neurological aspects, the
more we look around and say this is very serious.”
4.0 BREVARD MOSQUITO CONTROL PESTICIDES ENVIRONMENTAL &
HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH (19.) (20.)
4.1 Mosquito Pesticide Effects Research at the University of Florida
4.1.1 The following research was located from the University of Florida Medical Library
regarding environmental and public health effects found to occur from exposure to the
mosquito control pesticides - dibrom (naled) - permethrin - and other chemical
ingredients found in dibrom, which include - dichlorvos and trichlorfon.
4.1.2 Information was compiled by Richard W. Pressinger, M.Ed. and Wayne Sinclair, M.D.
4.2 Pesticides are far more dangerous than believed; alternative replacement
critical
4.2.1 The evidence clearly shows these chemicals are far more harmful than previously
believed and emphasizes the critical importance for implementing immediate
alternatives.
4.3 Background on Brevard's Mosquito Pesticides
4.3.1 Brevard County Mosquito Control is currently using the pesticide "permethrin" in its
"mosquito truck" spray program along with the use of the pesticide "dibrom" (naled) in
its aerial spray program.
4.3.2 The potential health and environmental effects outlined below strongly support the
importance of finding alternatives to these pesticides as soon as possible.
a) Chromosome/Genetic Damage Evident in Immune System Cells from Permethrin.
b) Helicopter Application Pesticide Dibrom Contains Carcinogenic Chemistry:

a. "Dichlorvos caused or was associated with neoplastic responses in rats
(pancreas, hematopoietic system, and possibly the mammary gland)
and in mice (forestomach)."
b. As thousands of gallons of this chemical have been sprayed over
populated areas in the Brevard community and into the Indian River -
the potential for irreversible damage to public health, wildlife and marine
life must be considered in light of the above research.
c. Elevated Brain Damage Found from Mosquito Control Pesticide
i. CHEM-TOX COMMENT: How many pregnant women in Brevard
County may have been at the "critical period" for their child's
neurological development will not be known.
ii. However, the fact that this study shows that neurological damage can
easily occur in animals (who are often less sensitive than humans to
harmful neurological effects) is enough to warrant serious re-evaluation
regarding the use of this toxic chemical over populated areas.
c) Liver Damage is Linked to Mosquito Pesticide Ingredients Trichlorfon and
Dichlorvos
d) Marine Life Damaged by Pesticide Dibrom
i. Florida Turtles Suffer Unusually High Cancer Rate
ii. Central Florida River systems are currently running out of time because
of the damaging impact of pesticides and chemicals from lawn
spray applications, commercial citrus grove run-off and large scale aerial
and truck applications of mosquito control pesticides.
iii. Fish and other aquatic organisms (especially shrimp) have been reported
as experiencing mutations in development and alterations in important
behaviors critical to the survival of the organism from very low levels of
pesticide run-off exposure.
e) Child Leukemia & Aplastic Anemia after DDVP Exposure
f) Pesticide Exposure Can Increase Infections in Humans
g) Don't Be Misled By "Safety" Claims
i. Most people erroneously judge the danger of chemicals based on the
word "toxic."
ii. This occurs because the term "toxic" is loosely referred to as - the
amount of a chemical needed to kill an animal or person.
iii. Chemical Industry Spokesmen conveniently forget to mention that there
are hundreds of other health effects from chemicals besides their overt
toxicity (death).
iv. In fact, if you think about it, death is really the last thing we're concerned
about since exposure to levels much lower than those considered "toxic"
are being shown to affect the immune and nervous system in many subtle
ways.

4.4 What You Need To Know About Naled (20.) (21.) (22.) (23.) (24.) (25.) (26.)
4.4.1 The Germans invented nerve agents during World War II
4.4.2 Naled is a nerve agent
a) As an organophosphate insecticide, naled works by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) which is an important enzyme that is involved in the transmission of nerve
impulses through nervous tissue.
b) Without this enzyme, the transmissions between nerves become jammed which
ultimately leads to paralysis and death.
c) Insects such as honey bees are highly susceptible to naled’s effects and the alfalfa
leaf cutting bees and alkali bees are at an even greater risk.
d) Parasitoid wasps that lay their eggs in other juvenile insects are also at risk from
this pesticide.
e) Essentially, naled limits the diversity of the insect population in the area that it is
sprayed. Insects are not all that naled effects, however.
f) Fish such as lake trout, rainbow trout, cutthroat trout and catfish find naled to be
highly toxic.
g) Naled can be moderately to highly toxic to migratory water fowl, the most sensitive
bird being the Canada goose.
h) Naled has also been proven to effect reproduction in Mallard ducks.
i After exposed to the insecticide, these ducks laid fewer eggs and
consequently hatched fewer ducklings than unexposed ducks.
4.4.3 Must bear the signal words "Danger-Poison"
4.4.4 Naled is the most toxic of the mosquito adulticides and is the only
mosquito adulticide in class 1, the highest toxicity, with the signal word
"Danger".
4.4.5 Naled is the only one that states in its label: inhaling can be FATAL.
4.4.6 Once in the bloodstream, Naled may cross the placenta.
4.4.7 Naled is corrosive to the skin and eyes and may cause permanent damage.
a) "Naled applications were successful in achieving short-term
reductions in mosquito abundance.
b) However, despite repetitive applications, populations of the primary
vector of EEE virus, Cs. melanura, have increased 15-fold at Cicero
Swamp."
4.4.8 An 11 year research project from the New York State Department of Health provides
the strongest evidence to date linking pesticide applications with INCREASING THE
INCIDENCE OF ENCEPHALITIS CARRYING MOSQUITOES - BY FIFTEEN FOLD!

5.0 GLOBAL AQUATIC BIOSYSTEMS’ BIOLOGICAL MOSQUITO ABATEMENT
PROGRAM (27.) (41.) (42.)
5.1. Our labs produce Algae, Zooplankton – Rotifers, Copepods - and Finfish.
5.1.1 The Copepods and Finfish are distributed to at-risk water bodies where these
predatory species voraciously feed on the aquatic forms of the mosquitoes.
5.1.2 When the mosquito larvae have been consumed in the water source, the introduced
Copepods and Finfish, under proper environmental conditions, typically establish
maintenance populations.
Fig 2. Diversified Algae Production (27.)
5.2 Biological Mosquito Control Program Strategy - Rotifers and Copepods
a) Rotifers are very small plant eating aquatic organisms; Copepods are tiny crustaceans,
which are known voracious eaters of mosquito larvae.
b) Rotifers are similar to their larger marine cousins, Krill, as both are aquatic herbivores.
c) Integral to the food chain, krill are the primary food source for many marine mammals
and fish and are essentially the fuel that runs the engine of the Earth’s marine
ecosystems.
d) The enterprise produces several species of algae to yield a well-balanced, nutritious
diet which is fed to Rotifers, so that the Rotifers are healthy and reproduce vigorously.
e) In turn, Rotifers are fed to Copepods, which must eat live food to grow well and
reproduce.

f) The Copepods are packaged for transport at Global Aquatic BioSciences’ labs and
g) Copepods are indigenous virtually everywhere, and are not an alien contaminant
species.
h) Copepods perform their mosquito larvae predation job in any fresh water body - lake,
pond, stream, gully, cistern or abandoned tire.
i) When there's no remaining mosquito larvae left to eat, they will eat each other as well
as puddle, or even in tires with standing water; Copepods represent a natural food
source for native fish and amphibians.
j) This strategy is environmentally friendly--a natural biological alternative to spraying
poisons.
Fig 3. Microalgae and Zooplankton Production (27.)
5.3 Biological Mosquito Control Program Strategy - Rotifers (27.) (28.)
5.3.1 Rotifers are microscopic and near-microscopic plant-eating aquatic animals, typically
200 to 500 micrometers length; they are an important part of the world’s aquatic
zooplankton and are a significant food source for other aquatic prey species, including
copepods, shrimp and crabs.
5.3.2 Rotifers are omnivorous herbivores found primarily in freshwater environments
worldwide, which feed on dead or decomposing organic materials in soil and
unicellular algae and other phytoplankton.
5.3.3 Rotifers are also present in moist soil, where they inhabit the thin films of water that
are formed around soil particles as well as on mosses and lichens growing on rocks
and tree trunks, in leaf litter, and on mushrooms growing near dead trees.
5.4 Biological Mosquito Control Program Strategy - Copopods (27.) (28.) (29.) (30.)
5.4.1 Cyclopoid copepods have proved more effective for practical mosquito control than
any other invertebrate predator of mosquito larvae.
a) Copepods significant value in mosquito eradication was recognized by
researchers in the early 1980’s.
b) Their operational potential is enhanced by the fact that mass
production is relatively easy and inexpensive.

5.4.2 International research teams working with copepods and mosquito larvae have shown:
a) Each copepod of the most effective species can kill more than 40 Aedes larvae/day.
b) The most effective copepod species maintain large populations in a container
habitat for as long as there is water.
i) Copepods have eliminated Aedes production from water storage tanks
and other container breeding habitats for extended periods.
ii) Use of copepods in Aedes container habitats have been responsible for
virtually all published instances of mosquito eradication in recent years.
iii) They typically reduce Aedes production by 99-100%.
iv) They can achieve local eradication of container-breeding Aedes
mosquitoes if present in a sufficiently high percentage of breeding sites.
v) Field surveys in Anopheles, floodwater Aedes, and Culex breeding
habitats have shown that natural copepod populations can substantially
reduce, or even eliminate, mosquito production.
c) Researchers have demonstrated that the timely introduction of the appropriate
copepod species to the appropriate habitat can eliminate Anopheles or floodwater
Aedes larvae in temporary pools, marshes and rice paddies.
vi) Typically, copepods cannot eliminate Culex production by themselves,
but can augment and enhance other control measures.
viii) The most significant operational use of copepods to date was in Vietnam
(1998-2010) achieving eradication of Ae. aegypti in hundreds of villages.
5.4.3 The University of Florida – IFAS tested the cyclopoid copepod Macrocyclops albidus
(Jurine) as a potential biological control agent of mosquitoes in laboratory
microcosms, in controlled field conditions, and in a 22-mo field experiment using
discarded tires.
5.4.4 The predator was highly efficient in controlling mosquitoes in all three settings,
reaching close to 90% reduction in larval survival under field conditions and
exceeding the recommended predation rates for effective mosquito control in
laboratory experiments.
5.4.5 The predator was most effective on 1-4-d-old larvae. Alternate food and habitat
structure significantly influenced the predation rates on mosquito larvae. Once
established, the copepod was able to maintain reproducing populations in the field for
the duration of the experiments.
5.4.6 This copepod species is a promising candidate for control of mosquito larvae because it
is a widespread +-and highly effective predator that is capable of establishing and
maintaining populations under a wide variety of field conditions. Additionally,
M. albidus is relatively easy to culture, maintain, and deliver to target water bodies.
5.4.7 A notable success in the use of copepods for reduction of disease vectors is that of Vu
Sinh Nam and co-workers, who report effective control of Aedes vectors of dengue in
Vietnam with copepods of the genus Mesocyclops.
5.4.8 The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene’s 2012 Community – Based
Control of Aedes aegypti by Using Mesocyclops in Southern Vietnam summarizes
a Public Health program that operated from 1998 to 2010 which successfully utilized
predacious copepods as a biological mosquito control agent.

5.4.9 In a total of 14 communes with 124,743 residents, the mean ± SD of adult female Aedes
aegypti was reduced from 0.93 ± 0.62 to 0.06 ± 0.09, and the reduction of
Immature Aedes aegypti averaged 98.8%.
a) By the final survey, no adults could be collected in 6 of 14 communes, and one
commune also had no immature forms. At the conclusion of the study, no
confirmed dengue cases were detected in four of the five communes where
diagnostic serologic analysis was performed.
b) In March 2010, the project received a final external review by Vietnamese health
professionals;
d) The project was judged to achieve its objectives with high relevance, efficiency
and efficacy.
5.5 Biological Mosquito Control Program Strategy – Finfish (32.) (33.) (34.)
5.5.1 The Western Mosquitofish - Gambusia affinis (and Gambusia holbrooki) - is a small
live-bearing freshwater fish that feeds primarily on zooplankton and invertebrate prey
at the top of the water column.
a) Typical length is 6.5 cm, dull grey or brown, no side bars or band, rounded tail.
b) Its body is short, has a flattened head and upward pointed mouth for surface
feeding.
c) Native to North America’s Mid-Atlantic and Gulf Slope drainages, the species are
unsuccessful in northern states waters as the species are typically cold
intolerant.
5.5.2 Due to their mosquito-control abilities, Gambusia affinis and Gambusia holbrooki
have been extensively and indiscriminately stocked in throughout the world;
a) Gambusia is well known for their high feeding capacity exceeding 40% of their
body weight per day.
5.5.3 Mosquitofish prey on eggs, larvae, and juveniles of various fishes, and adults of
smaller species as well as potentially alter the microhabitat of some native species.
a) Due to their aggressive and predatory behavior, mosquitofish may negatively
affect populations of small fish through predation and competition and
potentially benefit mosquitos by decreasing competitive pressure from native
zooplankton and predation pressure from predatory invertebrates.
5.5.4 Mosquitofish have been introduced into the waters of 35 of the contiguous States of
the United States, plus Hawaii and Puerto Rico.
5.5.5 Following Hurricane Katrina, an outbreak of the West Nile virus was suppressed by
the introduction of mosquito larva eating fish in abandoned swimming pools.
5.5.6 New Jersey’s Fish, Game and Wildlife Division’s Mosquitofish Program is described in
its document “HOW TO USE THE STATE BIO-CONTROL (MOSQUITOFISH)
PROGRAM FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY” (34.).
5.5.7 USAToday reported on 8 March 2016, that, in the effort to halt the spread of the
Zika virus in Central America, Public Health Agencies are breeding and distributing
fish that feed on mosquito larva before the insects mature and carry the disease,
which has been linked to an epidemic of birth defects in Brazil and is spreading.

a. In El Salvador, government agencies and NGOs have distributed a native
mosquito eating fish nationwide; Eduardo Espinoza, the Vice Minister of Health
has hailed the Sambo fish as a successful method in reducing the Zika virus.
b. In Mexico, the NGO Operation Blessing plans to curb the disease by the
Gambusia mosquitofish.
5.6 Biological Mosquito Control Program – Other (35.) (36.) (37.) (38.)
5.6.1 Following full production rates of algae, rotifers, copepods and mosquitofish, Global
Aquatic BioSystems, Inc. will undertake developmental investigations for “Factory
breeding” of dragonflies and damselflies which are voracious aerial predators of adult,
flying mosquitos and ecologically benign, biological mosquito control agents.
5.6.2 Additionally, our program will manufacture, distribute and install bat habitat
structures (bat houses) to help abate adult flying mosquitoes.
5.6.3 Bats make up almost a quarter of all mammals, and are the only mammals able to fly.
5.6.4 70% of the more than 1,000 bat species are insectivores, meaning that they feed
exclusively on insects.
a) Some insectivorous bats can catch up to 600+ mosquitoes per hour.
b) In Austin, Texas there is a bat colony, estimated to have up to 1.5 million bats during
peak season, that has been estimated to eat almost 10,000-30,000 pounds of insects.
c) Most bat houses, when placed properly, will be occupied within one year of placement
5.6.5 Dragonflies and Damselflies
a) Dragonflies and damselflies each can consume hundreds of mosquitoes per
day; they are valued flying insectivores and help control harmful flying insects.
b) Dragonflies’ habitats are near lakes, ponds, streams and wetlands as their
larvae are aquatic.
i. The larvae eat almost any living thing smaller than themselves, typically
bloodworms, other aquatic insect larvae and also small fish.
c) Adult dragonflies do not bite or sting humans.
5.6.6 Endod, African soapberry (39.)
a) Endod (Phytolacca dodecandra), known as the African soapberry plant, is a
perennial; its berries have long been used as a laundry soap and shampoo.
i. Endod is synonymous with 'soap' in many African countries.
b) Aqueous compounds of the Endod are effective against immature mosquitoes
and it can be suitable for controlling mosquitoes in small man made mosquito
breeding sites; large-scale mosquito control measures will require the
development of effective Endod production and processing methods.
c) The University of Toledo (Toledo Ohio) has applied for a Patent on the use of
Endod to control zebra mussels in power plant coolant piping systems, the
application of which replaces toxic pollutants currently in use.
d) Use of these plant extracts in mosquito breeding areas will help control and
prevent mosquito-borne diseases in an environmentally responsible manner.

6.0 FOOD, MEDICINES AND ANIMAL FEED FROM ALGAE (40.) (41.) (42.) (43.)
a) Scientists estimate that algae are responsible for about 90% of the
photosynthesis that take place on Earth.
b) Algae form the first link in the series of organisms that make up the Earth’s
food chain and they grow just about everywhere from the tropics to the ice-
covered polar regions.
c) Algae gather the energy of the sun and store it in the form of food.
d) Algae are elementary plants that use sunlight to convert lifeless inorganic
chemicals into organic life forms.
e) Algae help to oxygenate the waters in which they live, making life possible for
oxygen-dependant animals and fish; kelp is also an important terrestrial
animal feed and fertilizer.
f) Algae are one of the most essential plants supporting life on the planet.
6.1 Chlorella - A Valuable Algae
6.1.1 Chlorella is a single-celled algae that grows in fresh water.
6.1.2 Chlorella emerged over 2 billion years ago, and was the first form of a plant with a
well-defined nucleus.
6.1.3 Because Chlorella is a microscopic organism, it was not discovered until the late 19th
century, deriving its name from the Greek, "chloros" meaning green and "ella"
meaning small.
6.1.4 Chlorella contains the highest amount of chlorophyll of any known plant.
6.1.5 Chlorella also contains high levels of chlorophyll, beta-carotene and RNA/DNA.
6.2 Chlorella’s Nutritional Bioavailability and Health Benefits
6.2.1 Chlorella is a nutrient-dense superfood that contains 60% protein, 18 amino acids
(including all the essential amino acids), and various vitamins and minerals.
6.2.2 More than 20 vitamins and minerals are found in chlorella, including iron, calcium,
potassium, magnesium, phosphorous, pro-vitamin A, vitamins C, B1, B2, B2, B5, B6,
B12, E and K, biotin, inositol, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, folic acid,, and the
highest percentage of chlorophyll in any known plant source and a growth factor that
stimulates tissue repair.
6.2.3 One of its unique properties is a phytonutrient called CGF.
6.2.4 Chlorella provides all of the dietary-essential amino acids in excellent ratios.
6.2.5 It is also a reliable source of essential fatty acids that are required for many important
biochemical functions, including hormone balance.
6.2.6 Chlorella grown in tightly-controlled indoor lab environments, is not exposed to
fallout from air pollution, chemtrails, agricultural runoff or other contamination
sources.
6.2.7 Under controlled growing conditions this algae can be continuously harvested to
produce an estimated 40-50 tons-per-acre per year.
a) The most prolific food crop otherwise known is rice.
b) With heavy irrigation and fertilization, rice may yield less than 2 tons/Ac/Year.

6.3 Nutritious Algae for Zooplankton and Mosquitofish (27.) (28.) (29.)
6.3.1 Several species of algae are required to establish healthy diets for rotifers, copepods
and mosquitofish for their optimum nutritional requirements.
6.3.2 Achieving optimum nutrition for the rotifers results in healthier copepod and
mosquitofish populations, which grow and reproduce more rapidly.
a) As rotifers constitute a food source for these animals, the healthier the rotifers
are the healthier will be the copepod and mosquitofish.
6.3.3 Rotifers are successfully raised in laboratory production systems vessels when
provided proper environmental conditions and diets containing omega oils and
appropriate micronutrients.
6.3.4 Aquaculture researchers and commercial aquarium contractors produce the algae
species Isocrysis galbana, Teraselmis suecica, and Nanocloropsis oculato as
successful feed for rotifers.
a) AgOil has acclimated species of these algae with independently validated
quality.
6.3.5 The program will produce multiple species of copepods which allows the selection of
the optimum species for matching the environmental conditions of the various
selected candidate water bodies.
a) Copepods of the Mesocyclops and Macrocyclops families will be cultivated by
Global Aquatic BioSystems, Inc.
b) Species’ tolerance of water temperature, salinity and turbidity influence the
degree of success in establishing robust and permanent or semi-permanent
copepod colonies.
6.3.6 Copepods are raised at the central lab facility through their 5 stages of growth
reaching adult stage at which time they are prepared for distribution.
a) The health and vigor of the copepods is important for their ability to survive
and prosper after induction into the candidate water bodies.
6.3.7 Various rations consisting of different algae species and micronutrients are tailored to
optimize the traits desired in the selected copepods.
a) Customization of the copepod species and algae feeds is an on-going
refinement of the project to broaden the range and effectiveness of the copepod
portion of the program.
6.4 Algae Production utilizing Photobioreactor Technology (27.) (41.) (42.)
6.4.1 Global Aquatic BioSystems’ algae production systems feature Best Engineering,
Operating and Management Practices (Best Practice) achieving high-efficiency,
continuous production rates which outperform traditional batch-process production
techniques.
6.4.2 Benefits of Global Aquatic BioSystems approach includes lower capital and operating
costs, better product quality control, feedstock flexibility, better efficiency, output
rates and profitability.

6.5 Photobioreactor Designs (27.) (41.) (42.)
6.5.1 Several photobioreactor system configurations have been developed by Great Plains
and AgOPil, each providing different advantages in algae production rates.
6.5.2 These photobioreactors achieve significant algal growth capacity for high aquatic
biomass production rates and carbon sequestration advantages.
6.5.3 All designs hold process, environmental and economic efficiencies as key strategies.
6.6 Photobioreactor Systems Techno Economic Advantages (27.) (41.) (42.)
6.6.1 Current U.S. algal biofuels programs development efforts emphasizes solar ponds
over photobioreactors as more algae species are prototrophs than heterotrophs.
a) Photobioreactor and fermentation reactor designs differ depending on
feedstock, operating parameters and function.
6.6.2 Advantages of the Global Aquatic BioSystems’ photobioreactor algal production
systems compared to open recirculating solar algae ponds and light penetrating
pipe/tube style photobioreactors include:
1) Vertical system and Light Emitting Diodes (LED) synthetic illumination technology
allow for far greater biomass production rates than open solar pond systems based on
photon contact by factors of greater than two fold (Global Aquatic BioSystems’
maximum production rates are substantially greater).
a) Industry consensus of pond maximum biomass lipids production is 4,000-6,500
gallons lipids/acre/year due to limitation of photosynthesis photon impact.
b) Global Aquatic BioSystems’ algae production systems program benefits:
i. Less land area required per unit of aquatic biomass produced.
ii. Program Hardware and Software are Best Practice.
iii. Systems are elegant and incorporate maintainability provisions.
iv.Geometry allows for volatile compounds collection.
v. Geometry prevents media oxygen poisoning.
vi.Geometry reduces algal fixation on Light Emitting Diodes (LED) system.
vii.Strategy achieves low biomass production system capital cost, CapEx.
viii.Strategy achieves lowest biomass production cost, OpEx.
ix. Strategy achieves lowest biomass production program life cycle cost.
x. Strategy achieves highest industry environmental benefit.
xi. Strategy achieves highest industry sustainability benefit.
xi. c) Global Aquatic BioSystems’ Light Emitting Diode (LED) synthetic illumination
xii. benefits:
i. Light Emitting Diodes (LED) systems are the most efficient currently
available technology providing infrared-to-ultra violet radiation in the
visible and near-visible light spectrum.
ii. LED nanometer wavelengths are selected for optimum biomass growth
rates and minimization of growth system electrical power consumption.

iii. Global Aquatic BioSystems’ Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA) systems are designed to avoid biomass sunlight photon
saturation:
d) Natural solar radiation overloads algal biomass 75% of daylight period.
i. Algal biomass photosynthesis kinetics dormant 75% of daylight period.
e) Global Aquatic BioSystems’ SCADA systems are designed to optimize biomass growth
rates with:
i. Adaptive LED sequencing strategies.
ii. Integration with light harvesting system.
iii. Optimization of algal biomass species circadian rhythm.
7.0 PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
7.1 Global Aquatic BioSystems, Inc.
7.1.1 Global Aquatic BioSystems, Inc. is a Public Benefit enterprise collaboration between
Great Plains Biosciences Group, LLC (Great Plains) and AgOil International, (AgOil).
7.2 Great Plains Biosciences Group, LLC (41.) (42.) (43.)
7.2.1 Great Plains’ technical team’s involvement with aquatic biomass systems dates to the
1980s, initially as industrial and municipal wastewater treatment “constructed
marshland’” systems for water recovery and reuse, progressing to algae-based liquid
fuels, animal feed and high value nutraceutical production programs.
7.2.2 Between 1998 and 2008, the team efforts included photobioreactor modeling,
Botryococcus Shawa and other species for biogasoline, lipid-FAME biodiesel fuels
and synfuels yielded from gasification of algae and other aquatic biomass production
development.
7.2.3 During this period, primary corporate emphasis shifted to defense-related programs
as the US military was heavily involved in the 2ND Gulf War.
7.2.4 Since 2008, we have been involved with algae production for animal feed
supplements under a three-year National Science Foundation Phase 2 Grant and the
development of a state-of-art, premium-specification Astaxanthin, a very high value
nutraceutical.
7.2.5 Various phases of these programs have been directed by Dr.L.Davis Clements, PhD,
PE, DeAnna Hatch, PhD and Wm Tooley, PhD-AbD.
7.3 AgOil International, Inc. (27.)
7.3.1 AgOil International is a biotech company that specializes in growing algae.
7.3.2 AgOil International will bring its knowledge and intellectual property including the
use of it 2 awarded patents to the project for the purpose of growing various algae
cultures.
7.3.3 Various algae species are required for the successful cultivation of rotifers which in
turn will be the primary feed for developing and maintaining the copepod
populations.

7.3.4 AgOil’s aquatic life science methodologies were pioneered by the late Dr. A. Maxwell
Much, Ph.D.).
7.3.5 Dr. Much was a respected college professor in microbiology and mycology and
achieved professional scientific expertise in the following areas of practice:
a) Microbial Culture: Algae, Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa
b) Larval Aquatic Culture: Artemia, Rotifers, Copepods, Finfish, Shellfish
c) Expertise in Microbial Metabolism and Bioenergetics
d) Inventor and Originator of devices and processes for Biotechnical Applications
7.3.6 Dr, Much’s research into algal mass culture systems led to a system technology
breakthrough in 2007 and the formation of AgOil International, LLC.
a) Eight high-lipid ratio marine microalgae species were produced in Dr. Much’s
mass culturing system that achieves full control over the growth requirements of
any selected microalgae.
7.3.7 By micro-managing the culture over the entire life cycle, AgOil maintains complete
control over all algal growth phases utilizing integrated multidisciplinary technologies
and is the foundation for the methodology being carried forward by AgOil.
7.3.8 AgOil’s algal products have been tested and validated by independent, accredited
external laboratories for purity, quality, and biochemical profiles, qualifying for the
“highest value” in Nutraceutical and Food Additive markets.
7.3.9 AgOil’s “growing system” is proprietary, unique, and protected by two U.S. patents
issued in 2011.
a) Dr. Much’s original methodology, formulations, designs, inventions, and patents
reside with AgOil International, Inc.
7.4 Patented Algae Growth System (27.)
7.4.1 The development of AgOil’s original process methodology for the production of high-
value products from algal species is the result of decades of independent research.
7.4.2 These patented systems (U.S. Patents 7,850,365 and 8,017,377) merges proven
methodologies from diverse disciplines and yields the lowest production costs using
the highest efficiency protocols, small footprint, lowest energy consumption, and
newest eco-friendly ‘green’ technologies.
7.4.3 Breakthrough technology growing process involves micro-management of all
culturing parameters, including temperature, pH, CO2, photonic energy, aeration,
mixing, and nutrients, for high growth rates of the target specie.
7.4.4 AgOil’s unique indoor culturing process and production plant design can be located
virtually anywhere in the world.
7.5 Zooplankton, finfish, dragonflies, damselflies and bats
7.5.1 Copepods are aquatic microorganisms that can be produced in captivity by feeding
them algae and other aquatic microorganisms called rotifers and paramecium.
7.5.2 Rotifers and paramecium in turn can be produced in captivity by eating algae.
a) Nature provides small organisms with rapid and large reproduction rates.
b) These microorganisms can double their populations in days under optimum
environmental and nutritional conditions.

c) The Global Aquatic BioSystem program provides the appropriate
environmental and nutritional conditions and the distribution of the copepods
and mosquitofish to candidate public bodies of water.
d) This program establishes a new paradigm in long term mosquito control and
abatement using all natural methods.
7.5.3 The program emphasizes the use of copepods and mosquitofish which eat mosquito
larvae before the larvae hatch into full grown mosquitos.
a) This program is designed to have a significant impact on mosquito populations
using natural biological technology and a complimentary workforce.
b) These natural predators have been used successfully worldwide.
c) Copepods are voracious eaters of mosquito larvae and are harmless to humans
and have no known negative effects to the environment. In fact they can have a
positive impact on the early portion of the food chain as they themselves
become food for larger predators.
d) This plan calls for the establishment of sustainable colonies and/or
augmentation of existing colonies of mosquito larvae-eating copepods and
mosquitofish in all natural waters where they can survive.
e) It is understood that this is a large program to establish a new, non-chemical
paradigm in mosquito abatement which will span several years in its roll-out.
7.5.4 Subsequent abatement measures focus on aerial predators of the adult stage mosquito
– dragonflies, damselflies and bats.
7.5.5 Global Aquatic BioSystems, Inc.’s regional executive office is in St. Petersburg, FL.
a) Copepod and mosquitofish production occurs at the primary facilities which
also house the labs for analysis and support the nutritional quality of the algae
and copepod health and reproduction assessment.
i) The growing area will have closed vessels custom designed for efficient
growth of both the copepods and algae.
ii) The primary facilities produce the algae feed for zooplankton and
mosquitofish consumption at the primary facility as well as the satellite
facilities.
iii) Both primary and satellite facilities will produce copepods and
mosquitofish in quantity and distribute them to water bodies.
b) Copepod and mosquitofish populations become robust, permanent populations
in the candidate water bodies.
c) Additional distribution stations could be located at existing Federal, State and
County mosquito control locations.
d) Also, copepods and mosquitofish will be given to citizens for their own private
bodies of water at no cost.
7.6 Copepod and mosquitofish distribution logistics
7.6.1 Phase 1 of this program incorporates twenty (20) water/copepod-mosquitofish tank
distribution trucks, two (2) 20’ “Carolina Skiff” class workboats, four (4) John Deere
“Gator” 6x6 ATVs, trailers, pumps, tanks, hoses, equipment and staff for distribution
of copepods and mosquitofish to previously identified candidate locations.

a) Prior to each release of the copepods and mosquitofish, water samples from the
candidate water body are collected for zooplankton bioassay and database
management.
b) This data will be available for other stakeholder environmental agencies to
complement their databases as appropriate.
c) It is understood that a scheduled program of copepod and mosquitofish
applications will be required to establish and maintain robust, permanent
colonies in the water column.
d) Distributed to locations where they are introduced into any at risk fresh water
body.

APPENDIX A – FOOTNOTES
Note ID Reference
1. Katz, Cheryl, “The war on malaria: Mosquitoes gain ground as search for
new weapons intensifies,” Environmental Health News, 29 July 2013.
2. Goodrich, Amy, “Zika pesticide linked to a 60% increase in autism ... Is this the
beginning of an epidemic?,” NaturalNews, www.naturalnews.com, 18 Aug 2016
3. “What is a pyrethroid insecticide?”, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service,
https://citybugs.tamu.edu/factsheets/ipm/ent-6003/, 09 August, 2016
4. Wilson, Julie, “Autism,brainandCNSdisordersoverwhelminglylinkedtopeoplein
closeproximitytopesticidespraying,” Natural News,August 19, 2016
5. NALED Insecticide Fact Sheet, nospray.org
6. Gilbert, Steven, Naled, http://www.toxipedia.org, May 30, 2014
7. Justin Lessler et al., “Assessing the Global Threat from Zika Virus” Science (14
July 2016) (doi: 10.1126/science.aaf8160)
8. USEPA - https://www.epa.gov/mosquitocontrol/mosquito-life-cycle
9. American Mosquito Control Association - http://www.mosquito.org
10. Service, Mike, Medical Entomology for Students, Cambridge University Press
11. Laing, Aislinn, Congo declares yellow fever epidemic with 1,000 suspected
cases - www.telegraph.co.uk, 21 June 2016
12. Lucey, Daniel, Gostin, Lawrence O., “A Yellow Fever Epidemic: A New Global
Health Emergency?” JAMA (9 May 2016) (DOI: 10.1001/jama. 2016.6606)
13. Ordway, Marianne Nichols, “Epidemics in America”, USGenWeb Archives
http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm
14. U.S. health officials, Zika virus “scarier than we initially thought”,
15. www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com, 11 April 2016
16. Zavis, Alexandra, On the Frontline of Brazil’s War with Zika, a Mother’s
First Question - ‘How Big is the Head’ - latimes.com - 21 April 2016.
17. Rasmussen, Sonja A. M.D., Jamieson, Denise J., M.D., M.P.H., Honein,
Margaret A., Ph.D., M.P.H., and Petersen, Lyle R., M.D., M.P.H., N Engl J Med
2016; 374:1981-1987 May 19, 2016 - DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsr1604338
18. CNN National News, 02 August 2016.
19. Pressinger, Richard W. ,M.Ed., Sinclair, Wayne, M.D., Brevard Mosquito Control
Pesticides Environmental & Health Effects Research, www.chem-tox.com.
20. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT NALED - www.wtv-zone.com.
21. Howard, J.J., Impact of Naled (Dibrom 14) on the mosquito vectors of eastern
equine encephalitis virus, Am Mosquito Control Assn, 13(4):315-25, Dec97
22. Pesticides & Naled-Env’l Impact, Legislation, Costs, www.schoolworkhelper.net.
23. Child Cancer Risks from Pesticides & Chemicals, http://www.chem-tox.com/
cancerchildren.

APPENDIX A – FOOTNOTES
Note ID Reference
24. Infertility Risks from Pesticides and Chemicals, http://www.chem-tox.com/infertility
25. Neurological Disorders from Pesticides, http://www.chem-tox.com/pesticides
26. Child Learning and Behavioral Effects from Pesticides http://www.chem-tox/
pregnancy/learningdisabilities.htm
27. Preg, Frank, AgOil International, Inc., Brandon FL Integrated Renewable
Energy Park Business Plan, August 2010.
28. Introduction to the Rotifera, http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu
29. Rey, Jorge R., et al, Laboratory and field studies of Macrocyclops albidus
(Crustacea: Copepoda) for biological control of mosquitoes in artificial
containers in a subtropical environment, Journal of Vector Ecology,June 2004.
30. Nam, Vu Sinh, et al, Community-Based Control of Aedes aegypti By
Using Mesocyclops in Southern Vietnam, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 86(5), 2012,
pp. 850–859, doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0466, Copyright © 2012 by The
American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
31. Degener, Richard, “Tiny shrimp-like crustaceans called copepods used to fight
mosquitoes in Cape May County,” Press of Atlantic City, 22 Jun, ‘12.
32. Hafner, Josh, Mosquito-eating fish used to fight Zika virus in Latin America,
USAToday, 08 March 2016.
33. Nico, L., P., et al, Gambusia affinis (Western Mosquitofish), U.S. Dept of
Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, nas.er.usgs.gov/Last Modified: Jan 08 ‘16
34. “HOW TO USE THE STATE BIO-CONTROL (MOSQUITOFISH) PROGRAM
FOR MOSQUETO CONTROL IN NEW JERSEY,” State Mosquito Control
Commission Office of Mosquito Control Coordination and NJ Department of
Environmental Protection and Energy’s Div of Fish, Game and Wildlife
35. Drs. Foster & Smith Staff, Bats, the Benefit of, www.drsfostersmith.com
36. Brown, Carla, Build a Bat House, National Wildlife Federation, www.nwf.org
37. The Dragonfly Website, www.dragonflywebsite.com
38. Introduction to the Odonata - Dragonflies & Damselflies, www.ucmp.berkeley.edu
39. Dejene Getachew, et all, “Evaluation of Endod, Phytolacca dodecandra: Phytolaccaceae)
As a Larvicide Against Anopheles arabiensis the Principal Vector of Malaria in
Ethiopia”, Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association June 2016 :
Vol. 32, Issue 2, pg(s) 124-129 doi: 10.2987/moco-32-02-124-129.1
40. Jensen, Bernard, PhD, Chlorella: Gem of the Orient, Cat 0-932615-02-3, 1st 87
41. Parker, F. D., Great Plains’ Algal Biofuels Whitepaper - (RL8PgNSFSBIR), 26 Aug ‘11
42. Parker, F. D., Great Plains’ Agraplex - Food & Biofuels Production Whitepaper -
V 5.0, 26 Sep '12
43. Tooley, Wm, et al, “On-Farm Algae Production For Livestock Feed And Biofuel”,
NSF-SBIR Phase II Award# IIP-1127180

ADDENDUM 1(a.) - FOOTNOTES
Note ID Reference
(A.1.a.) Micah B. Hahn et al, “Updated Reported Distribution of Aedes (Stegomyia)
aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera:Culicidae) in the United
States,” 1995–2016, Journal of Medical Entomology, 2017, 1–5, doi: 10.1093/
jme/tjx088
(A.1.b.) American Academy of Pediatrics. "Aerial spraying to combat mosquitoes linked
to increased risk of autism in children: New study finds a community's use of
airplanes to spread pesticide each summer may pose a greater risk of autism
spectrum disorder and developmental disorders among children born in the
area." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 30 April 2016.
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160430100405.htm

APPENDIX B – PRINICPALS
Senior Management Team
President & Chief Executive Officer: Roz Gatewood has served in leadership roles for
Renewable Energy, Life Sciences/Health, Publishing, Emerging Technologies, and Real
Estate development companies including a 64 sq. mile Eco Sustainable City that was
designated as one of the 16 Climate Positive Developments in the world by the Clinton
Climate Initiative. Ms. Gatewood spent over 14 years in emerging IP Video, e-Commerce,
Sensor based technology along with sustainable Food/Energy platforms.
Roz’s ability to coalesce diverse entities, seeing technology integration with an ability to bring
it to a reality has been the driving force in the supporting the formation of Global Aquatic
BioSystems, Inc.
Ms. Gatewood’s business background includes the development of energy independent/
renewable energy economic development clusters, and creating and implementing Florida’s
first Sustainable Energy Farms (diverse Biomass Testing with IFAS (University of Florida).
Roz brings a unique perspective that includes a network of technology, strategic partnerships
including emerging technology companies, scientific experts, and Business, University and
Government relationships.
Roz serves or has served on the Board of Directors/Advisory board or capacity for The Center
for Preparedness and Resiliency, KURI (Korean Urban Regeneration Institute, Vet Power
Services, Rose Pharmaceuticals, Energy Development Partners, LLC, Aquaterran, LLC, Kenaf
Research Farms, Soltair, Inc., Joi Scientific and Great Plains Bioscience Group, LLC.
Ms. Gatewood’s experience includes the development of energy independent/renewable
energy economic development clusters, creating and implementing Florida’s first Sustainable
Energy Farms (diverse Biomass Testing with IFAS (University of Florida). Roz serves or has
served on the Board of Directors/Advisory board or capacity for The Center for Preparedness
and Resiliency, KURI (Korean Urban Regeneration Institute, Vet Power Services, Rose
Pharmaceuticals, Energy Development Partners, LLC, Aquaterran, LLC, Kenaf Research
Farms, Soltair, Inc., and Joi Scientific and has served as Executive Director for a 501 (c.) 3
organization dedicated to providing nutritious food to underserved children.
Chief Operating Officer: Frank Preg, co-founder of AgOil International, LLC is an
accomplished businessman, engineer, and senior corporate manager. When AgOil was
founded in 2007, Mr. Preg integrated his engineering background into the scientific
environment. He worked cooperatively with Dr. Much from the start, sharing responsibilities
in executing research, engineering parameter control systems, experiment planning,
procuring equipment, fabricating design prototypes, monitoring cultures, and mastering
laboratory procedures essential to the operation of the algae production lab. He is also an
accomplished senior executive with extensive experience in the banking and financial
marketplace.
Bringing more than twenty years of successful leadership in business management and
financial administration, preparing and implementing budgets, marketing plans, and
strategic planning, Mr. Preg is experienced in managing large, complex projects with multiple
sites, expenditures, timelines, and utilizing tracking and performance measurement systems.
He has successfully directed engineering and construction projects, interacting with
specialized technical organizations and contractors. In his position as Project Director for
Lockheed Martin at The State of Florida Disbursement Unit for Child and Spousal Support,
he was responsible for managing the site with over 150 employees, a budget of $18M dollars
and processing $1.2B in funds.

Executive VP: Carolyn Much served as the primary research partner with her late
husband, A. Maxwell Much, Ph.D., in a wide variety of microbiological and biotechnical
endeavors over the past thirty years. The pair formed a cohesive team in developing and
implementing the innovative technologies and methodologies that served as the foundation
for AgOil International and its formation in 2007. Salient amongst their achievements was
the development and patenting of an energy-efficient, cost-effective system for the mass
culture of microalgae. Having been an active participant in each phase of development, Ms.
Much assumed the position of CEO of AgOil following Dr. Much’s passing in January 2010, in
accord with his vision for the continued advancement of the company.
In addition to her years of experience in the microbiological, and biotechnical, arenas, Ms.
Much has professional experience as an educator, corporate trainer, writer, communications
manager, editor, and senior manager with 17 years of tenure at major U.S. corporations. She
holds a Bachelor’s Degree from Temple University and a Master’s Degree from Washington
State University.
Chief Financial Officer: Rod Kreie is a graduate of Southwestern College, Winfield,
Kansas and currently serves on their board of trustees. As a CPA, he practiced public
accounting for almost 25 years doing tax planning and consulting. He was president of
Southwest Bank, Ulysses, KS, and continues to provide consulting services to financial
institutions. Mr. Kreie has also been involved in farming and other business ventures.
He was chairman of Grant County Economic Development for over 20 years, president of the
Chamber of Commerce, a Ulysses City Councilman, and actively involved in several other
local and state boards. He is an active Rotarian and was District Governor for District 5690 in
2007-2008. He is currently the District Foundation Chair and Youth Exchange Officer for his
District. Mr. Kreie has been the CEO of Great Plains Bioscience Group, LLC, a sustainable
agricultural and renewable energy technologies firm that develops biological-carbon cycle
energy and fuels production, sustainable agricultural programs, public works, power and
infrastructure systems. Rod is also a Board Member of the Global Center for Preparedness
and Resilience.
Chief Technical Officer: Frank D. Parker Frank co-developed Global Aquatic
BioSystems, Inc.’s program for Biological Abatement of Mosquito Disease Vectors with
AgOil’s Frank Preg.
Frank Parker is also the Chief Technology Officer (CTO), Co-Founder and Managing Board
Member of Global Aquatic BioSystems, Inc. and Great Plains Biosciences Group, LLC,
(“GPBG”) and a Board Member of the Global Center for Preparedness and Resilience. GPBG
is a sustainable agricultural and renewable energy technologies firm conducting
environmental studies and developing solutions nationally and internationally.
GPBG which emphasizes sustainable agricultural and renewable energy technologies has
developed biological-carbon cycle energy and fuels production, sustainable agricultural
programs, public works, power and infrastructure systems. He has over thirty years
experience in product and project design, engineering, and management. Frank’s practice has
focused on environmentally responsible, high efficiency, low emission engineered chemical
processes, cogeneration and utilities systems for a variety of manufacturing, hospital and
other public organizations, government and military installation central power plant and
“smart buildings” applications.
The U.S. Air Force recognized his “RDIUP” modular public works utilities system for forward
military base camps with the DoD’s Nunn-Perry Award.

He has presented numerous environmental sustainability, efficiency and renewable energy
papers, presently holds two U.S. Patents for energy and process control systems, and has
patentable work ongoing in gasification, power and related environmental fields. A major
subject area he addresses is the depletion and contamination of fresh water resources and is
professionally dedicated to water protection, conservation and reutilization.
Chief Scientific Officer: Thomas A. Dempster, PhD
Dr. Dempster is Associate Research Professor School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built
Environment and Coordinator and an instructor for AzCATI’s ATP3 Education and Training
Committee, at the Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
Tom brings Global Aquatic BioSystems, Inc. the current status of aquatic biomass research
and direction.
Areas of Expertise
Teaching: General through graduate biology, general through graduate botany,
general through graduate phycology, general microbiology, general
mycology
Research: microalgae taxonomy, physiology, large-scale cultivation, production of
biofuels and high-value products, and bioremediation of air and water
using microalgae
AzCATI’s ATP3 Education and Training Committee conducts workshops on:
• Principles and Processes: Algae Culture Maintenance, Production and
Downstream Processing
• Microalgal Culture Management and Strain Selection
• Large-Scale Algal Cultivation, Harvesting and Downstream Processing
• Routine Measurement and Biochemical Analysis
Director of Production and Quality Control: DeAnna Hatch, PhD
Dr. Hatch is a disciplined, highly creative and resourceful research professional with strong
laboratory and chemical theory expertise and extensive chemical laboratory instrumentation
and Quality Control experience.
Additionally, DeAnna has excellent interpersonal skills, and is highly adept at diplomatically
facilitating discussions and team meetings.
Additional areas of expertise include:
Expertise:
• Qualified in clinical study management from protocol development to
staffing recruitment;
• Implementation of new methods and standard operating procedures to
improve efficiency of process;
• Partnered in creation of pilot plant scale facility;
• Extensive knowledge of analytical analysis and related instrumentation;
• Experienced in setting up FDA and USP specifications, and quality
assurance testing;
• Strong working knowledge of sterile procedure requirements;
• Established and ran human and microorganism cell bioassays;

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