The SELVA project aims to evaluate biomass availability and its environmental impacts in the province of Rieti, Italy. The project will (1) determine short and medium-term biomass availability, (2) develop a decision support system to locate small-scale biomass plants, and (3) analyze impacts on air quality from potential plants. A biomass plant will be installed in Leonessa and emissions will be monitored. The WebGIS platform and dissemination of results will aid policymakers in sustainable biomass development.

1. SELVA PROJECT
Energy Scenario in Lazio Region and
environment evaluation for the use of
biomass
Francesco Petracchini
CNR NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research
http://www.iia.cnr.it

2. 1. Atmospheric pollution in urban and industrial areas
2. Atmospheric pollution in remote and polar regions
3. Atmospheric Pollution from urban/local to continental/ global scales
4. Indoor Pollution
5. Industrial emissions, assessment of risk and certification of BAT
6. Development of methodologies, technologies, and complex integrated systems
aimed to assess environmental quality and sustainability factors
7. Development of interoperable systems for Air Quality management,
environmental legislation, and organisation and dissemination of
environmental knowledge
Main CNR-IIA research fields

3. Rende (Cosenza)
Italian Ministry of
Environment(Rome)
Montelibretti (Rome)
Employees T.I. 44 T.D. 75 -> 119
Researchers T.I. 20 T.D. 32 -> 52
Technologists T.I. 6 T.D. 21 -> 27
Tecnicians T.I. 9 T.D. 7 -> 16
Administrative T.I. 9 T.D. 15 -> 24Florence
CNR-IIA: LOCATIONS AND STAFF

4. CNR IIA
 Observation:
• Laboratories
• Ground-based sites (urban, industrial, remote and polar areas)
• Off-shore sites
• High-altitude sites
• Remote Sensing (MIVIS - aircraft, satellite)
 Modelling:
• Atmospheric numerical models (box urban  reg./cont.  global)
• Receptor models
• Integrated Socio-Economic-Environmental models
 GIS /Web GIS  Interoperable systems

5. IPPC: Climate Change 2007 Synthesis Report
CLIMATE CHANGE:CAUSES

6. NO2 IN EUROPE: ANNUAL MEAN

7. PM10 NUMBER OF DAY ABOVE THE LIMIT

8. DIRECTIVE 28/CE/2009
The targets set by the
Directive 28/CE/2009
involve the implementation
of a broad spectrum of
action in the field of
renewable electrical and
thermal properties of
biofuels and energy
conservation.

9. REGIONAL GOAL– BURDEN SHARING
Regioni e province
autonome
Obiettivo regionale per l’anno [%]
anno iniziale di
riferimento (*) 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Abruzzo 5,8 10,1 11,7 13,6 15,9 19,1
Basilicata 7,9 16,1 19,6 23,4 27,8 33,1
Calabria 8,7 14,7 17,1 19,7 22,9 27,1
Campania 4,2 8,3 9,8 11,6 13,8 16,7
Emilia Romagna 2,0 4,2 5,1 6,0 7,3 8,9
Friuli V. Giulia 5,2 7,6 8,5 9,6 10,9 12,7
Lazio 4,0 6,5 7,4 8,5 9,9 11,9
Liguria 3,4 6,8 8,0 9,5 11,4 14,1
Lombardia 4,9 7,0 7,7 8,5 9,7 11,3
Marche 2,6 6,7 8,3 10,1 12,4 15,4
Molise 10,8 18,7 21,9 25,5 29,7 35,0
Piemonte 9,2 11,1 11,5 12,2 13,4 15,1
Puglia 3,0 6,7 8,3 10,0 11,9 14,2
Sardegna 3,8 8,4 10,4 12,5 14,9 17,8
Sicilia 2,7 7,0 8,8 10,8 13,1 15,9
TAA – Bolzano 32,4 33,8 33,9 34,3 35,0 36,5
TAA – Trento 28,6 30,9 31,4 32,1 33,4 35,5
Toscana 6,2 9,6 10,9 12,3 14,1 16,5
Umbria 6,2 8,7 9,5 10,6 11,9 13,7
Valle D’Aosta 51,6 51,8 51,0 50,7 51,0 52,1
Veneto 3,4 5,6 6,5 7,4 8,7 10,3
Italia 5,3 8,2 9,3 10,6 12,2 14,3

10. In December 2005 the European Commission had drawn up a "Biomass Action
Plan" (COM 2005/628) aimed at developing the use of renewable energies
Agriculture and Forestry.
The main objectives of this plan are three:
1. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions;
2. Protection of employment in rural areas;
3. Limitation of dependence with regard to energy imports.
through:
1. Encouraging use of biomass for electricity and heating;
2. promote investment in research to support in particular the production of
liquid fuels from wood and debris;
3. promote a campaign to inform farmers and forest on the interest in the
development of energy crops;
4. the introduction by each Member State a national scheme that gives clear
guidance, authorization services only,
EUROPEAN COMMISSION AND BIOMASSES (COM 2005/628)

11. Among the specific objectives that the LAZIO REGION wants to pursue:
1. Stabilize the regional consumption of final energy by 2020 at current levels;
2. Considerably increase the production of energy from renewable sources;
3. Reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere;
4. Cover the electricity needs restoring exports to other regions;
5. Encourage the development of research and technological innovation;
6. Promote the economic development and employment, in particular the
development of regional renewable energy sources and efficient use of energy.
LAZIO REGION AND RE

12. CNR IIAPRODUCTION FROM BIOENERGY IN PROVINCES (GSE 2011)

13. 1. Involvement in the protection and improvement of the local
environment;
2. The use of biomass fuel provides an economic incentive to manage
woodland which improves biodiversity.
3. biomass can offer local business opportunities and support the rural
economy.
4. The establishment of local networks of production and usage,
allows financial and environmental costs of transport to be
minimized
5. Less pollution (to be considered) and greater energy efficiency
BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF BIOMASS

14. Sometimes the business plan had the priority environment
analysis.
1. Large plants
2. locations incorrect
3. Lack of involvement of the population in decision-making
4. Retrieval of biomass long distances (no short chain)
5. No checks on the type of fuel input
6. No national technical standards
DISADVANTAGES ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF BIOMASS

15. PROBLEMS TO SOLVE
• Lack of information on the territory
• Lack of detailed information on emission inventories
• Necessary development of a System to supporto the Policy makers in the
planning phase
• Necessary Analysis of the environment impact
• Involvement of the local population and information activity

16. Introduction

17. Selva is a project financed by the Lazio Region
General Goals
1. Determination of biomass availability in the short, medium term in
the Province of Rieti;
2. Realization of a decision support system related to the introduction
and correct localization of small-scale biomass plants in the Province
of Rieti
3. Analysis of the impact on air quality for the small biomass plants in
the Province of Rieti (emissions inventory and air quality
assessment)
4. Realization of a pilot plant at a municipality in the Province of Rieti
5. Analysis of abatment systems from biomass plants
6. Dissemination to people the right information
SELVA: Energy Scenario in Lazio Region and
environmental evaluation fo the biomass use

18. WP-1: Collection of information on the availability of biomass
WP-2: Analysis of heat-supply chains biomass and biomass-energy
WP-3: Identification of sites of dislocation of the plants
WP-4: Analysis of the energy scenario
WP-5: Analysis of scenarios of air quality
WP-6: Installation of monitoring technologies pollution
WP-7 Design Plant biomass in the Province of Rieti and installation
facility
WP-8: Coordination and dissemination of the project.
SELVA PROJECT ACTIVITIES

19. • 2.749 km2
• 73 Municipalities
• Low population density
• 80% mountainous territory
• 20% hilly
La provincia di RietiTHE PROVINCE OF RIETI
• The Province of Rieti, over the centuries
has been an important center of transit
flows and exchange of products, today
undergoes a state of decay due to the
depopulation of the mountain villages.

20. REGIONE LAZIO PROVINCIA DI RIETI
COMUNITA’ MONTANE
PARCHI
RISERVE e COMUNI
•CARTA GEOLITOLOGICA
•IMMAGINI LANDSAT
•DEM
•PIANO DI SVILUPPO RURALE
•PIANO ENERGETICO
•PIANO PER IL RISANAMENTO QUALITÀ
DELL'ARIA
•PIANO DI TUTELA DELLE ACQUE
•PIANO DI PREVISIONE E PREVENZIONE
ANTINCENDI BOSCHIVI 2008-2011
•PIANO TERRITORIALE PAESISTICO
REGIONALE
•INFORMAZIONI UTILI SUL
TERRITORIO
•PIANO DI ASSESTAMENTO
FORESTALE
•PIANO ENERGETICO PROVINCIALE
•PIANO TERRITORIALE PROVINCIALE
GENERALE
•ORTOFOTO
•CARTOGRAFIA PROVINCIALE SHP
•FOGLI CATASTALI - IGM 100.000-25.000
•LIMITI GEOGRAFICI COMUNI E
COMUNITÀ MONTANE
•FIUMI, LAGHI,
•STRADE PROVINCIALI E STATALI,
FERROVIA
•TEMATISMI (BACINI, PARCHI,
•SIC & ZPS, VINCOLI)
•ELENCO COMUNI CON PIANO
ASSESTAMENTO
DATA COLLECTION

21. DIGITIZATION ACTIVITY
•Creation of shape file (.shp) e related table

22. SELVA WEB GIS
http://www.webgis.iia.cnr.it/selva/firefox.html

23. SPOT IMAGE CLASSIFICATION OF THE RIETI PROVINCE

24. SELVA WEB GIS PLATFORM

25. SELVA WEB SITE
http://selva.iia.cnr.it/

26. SELVA WEB GIS
http://www.webgis.iia.cnr.it/selva/firefox.html

27. SELVA WEB GIS
http://www.webgis.iia.cnr.it/selva/firefox.ht
ml

28. MODEL TOOLS
http://www.webgis.iia.cnr.it/selva/models/Gauss_Plume.html
http://www.webgis.iia.cnr.it/selva/models/emissioni.php

29. La provincia di RietiLEONESSA
Inhabitants 2.163
Pop. Density per Kmq: 96,9
Area : 22,33 Km2

30. La provincia di RietiLEONESSA

31. La provincia di RietiLEONESSA
Livestock waste

32. La provincia di RietiLEONESSA
Caldaia di tipo “Marina”, Marca Termotecnica
D’Alessandro, Modello CSA – 180GM,

33. PRELIMINARY AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT

34. PRELIMINARY AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT

35. AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Sito NOx
(ug/m3)
NO2
(ug/m3)
O3
(ug/m3)
SO2
(ug/m3)
NH3
(ug/m3)
Benzene
(ug/m3)
L1/PM1 5.7 2.9 125.0 < LOD* 2.9
CA1 6.0 4.6 127.9 < LOD 6.7
VO1 8.1 6.0 111.2 < LOD 2.9
VI1 13.5 5.3 94.0 < LOD 3.4
P1 N.D. 2.0 142.3 < LOD 3.2
SG1 6.0 3.8 103.2 < LOD 3.1
T1/PM2 6.6 5.6 101.2 < LOD 12.9
BG1 7.8 7.8 102.0 3.2 83.6
T2 11.2 7.3 120.3 2.6 131.2
S1 6.0 6.3 94.7 < LOD 16.2
TR1 5.5 4.5 129.4 N.D. 19.7
Media 7.6 5.1 113.7 2.9 26.0
Media
ARPA
Leonessa 4.9 4.4 90.7

36. AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT

37. COMBUSTION OF BIOMASS
The combustion of biomass can create different
environmental problems, especially in open burning
in plants and not well designed and controlled.
Two groups are generated by the
combustion of pollutants:
•Macro-pollutants (such as PTS, NOx, SOx, CO, TOC,)
• Micropollutants (such as PCDD / Fs, PAHs,
•PCBs and heavy metals)
To understand the emissions from the combustion of
biomass, it should primarily refer to their elemental
composition and structure.
CxHy + O2  CO2 + H2O

38. It is planned to assess the emissions in order to analyze the behavior of the system
under varying combustion conditions and the characteristics of the same fuel
EMISSIONS MONITORING ACTIVITY

39. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy)
MOBILE UNIT WITH FTIR FOR MONITORING SYSTEMS

40. O2 Analyzer
TOC Analyzer
OTHER PARAMETERS

41. OTHER PROJECTS: CUBIS
CUBIS (Urban Energy from
Biomass and Solar) has the
overall objective to optimize
the integration of a solar
thermal plant with a biomass
boiler to generate the heat
required for the operation of a
machine ORC (Organic Rankine
Cycle) plant in a cogeneration
or trigeneration.

42. OTHER PROJECTS: MOBYBRIQUETTE
The project aims to demonstrate the possibility of using an
innovative conversion system agricultural waste in the
vegetable matrix in briquettes or pellets through the use of a
mobile unit able to travel to the area (small and medium-sized
communities, agricultural and forestry areas) to operate the
conversion of vegetable matrices in briquette

43. FUTURE ACTIVITIES
• Biomass plant installation in Leonessa
•Heat distribution to the citizens
•Air quality assessment and analysis of changes and
improvement
•Emission monitoring assessment from the biomass plant
•WeB Gis Implementation as useful tool for policy makers
•Dissemination of results

44. Francesco Petracchini
CNR Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research
Email petracchini@iia.cnr.it
Web www.iia.cnr.it