Focus Fusion, the technology developed by New Jersey based LPPFusion has the potential to bring cheap, clean and unlimited energy to the world.

1. Focus
Fusion
Cheap, Clean, Safe & Unlimited Energy

2. Current state of Fusion
Research:
If NIF ($5 Billion) can’t
and
ITER ($20 Billion)
is far off—2027 at least

3.  THEN WHY DOES LPP THINK WE CAN PROVE
FEASIBILITY
 ($2 MILLION MORE)
 AND GET A WORKING PROTOTYPE
 ($50 MILLION?)
 ARE WE CRAZY?
 Or—ARE WE JUST DOING THINGS DIFFERENTLY?

4. What is Focus Fusion?
Controlled Nuclear Fusion
using Dense Plasma Focus
Device
+
Hydrogen-Boron (Aneutronic)
Fuel

5. Difference#1: Aneutronic Fuel
 Small Size DPF device
 Direct conversion of fusion
energy to electricity
 Large reduction in costs
compared to existing
 Abundant fuel:
 Hydrogen and Boron
 Safe, NO radioactive waste
p + 11B → 3 4He + 8.7 MeV

6. Cost to build FF-1
$0.5 million
Cost to build ITER,
NIF—billions
Same difference for
electricity production :
6 cents/W- LPP vs
several $/W others

7. Why use DT?
• Ignitionat400millionKwithDT
• 1.6BillionKwithpB11
• ButLPPhas1.8billionK

8. Tokamak

10. Difference #2:
Use Instabilities, don’t
fight them

11. Pinch Effects!

12. Solar Flare

13. Star Formation Beam

14. Quasars

15. Spiral Galaxy

16. Dense Plasma Focus – Inside Look!

17. CLOSE LOOK – AGAIN

18. DPF Device Electrodes

19. FF-1 Without Vacuum Chamber

21. Clean
Inexpensive
Safe
Compact
Garage Use 5 MW – Generator

22. •Theory—leads to small size
•Axial Field coil controls spin
•Quantum magnetic field effect
suppresses x-ray cooling
Our Advances On Other DPF Work

23. Innovation
on the shoulders of giants
 Rich body of DPF scientific
literature since invention in
‘60’s
 Dozens of research groups
worldwide
 X-ray/neutron applications
 US teams at KSU, NSTec
2009: LPP Focus Fusion-1
lab begins experiments
Testing our key
innovations to
demonstrate scientific
feasibility of focus fusion
Accurate
DPF
model
Optimal
angular
momentum
QMF to
reduce X-
rays
Efficient X-
ray capture
Efficient
beam
capture

24. Where are we?
 Ion energy—goal achieved—over 160 keV, enough
to ignite pB11
 Confinement time—goal achieved 20 ns—more
than 8 ns goal
 Energy transfer to plasmoid—over 50% of goal
 Density—must increase by 10,000

25. The Challenges:
Two Down, One To Go
Enough heat
Enough time
Density:
On track for 2012

26. Steps to increase density
 50x Achieve theoretical density—improve
symmetry 4 x greater linear compression
 10x Increase current to 2.8 MA
 20x Better compression with heavier pB11

27. Getting Net Power

29. Engineering
Challenges:
• Removing waste heat (helium cooling)
• X-ray capture device
• Ion beam conversion (MW magnetron
designs already get 87% efficiency)

30. pB11 Aneutronic
Comparison:
LPP!
w/<$1M
machine
Princeton Tokamak
$8M
Bussard
polywell
$100M+ Paul
Allen/Tri-Alpha
Goal conditions for
energy breakthrough!

31. What our colleagues say
 “I think that the “Focus Fusion” approach of Lawrenceville
Plasma Physics, Inc. should be funded as the science behind
it is very interesting. “- Bruno Coppi, Professor of Physics and
Senior Fusion Researcher, MIT
 “According to the results of this paper, it could be said that p
11B fuelled plasma focus device is a clean and efficient
source of energy.”-S. Abolhasani, M. Habibi and R. Amrollahi,
Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran in Journal of
Fusion Energy
 “The experimental program that LPP plans to carry out has
great potential to show how the plasma focus can be used to
generate fusion energy and to demonstrate the feasibility of
hydrogen-boron fusion. “- Dr. Julio Herrera, Professor of
Physics, National Autonomous University of Mexico

32. OUR IP
 US patent 7,482,607
 Australian Patent 2007314648
 Patent applications , same priority date:
 Europe, China, Canada, India

33. What’s holding us back?
 Too few people– need experienced experimental
plasma physicist
 Need more money in the bank to attract top
people
 Need to deal with immigration as most DPF-
trained people are not US

34. Accelerating feasibility through
international collaboration
 Agreement signed with Plasma Physics Research
Center in Tehran to cooperatively publish papers
 150 graduate students, including 50 PhD students
 90 plasma physics PhD students in the entire US
 PCAST briefed May 25th in DC
 Working to expand cooperation to Japan, elsewhere

35. Finances
 $2.7 million raised from Abell Foundation, 40
investors
 Raising $1.7 million more for scientific feasibility,
transition to engineering phase
 $50 million for development, engineering

36. An ARPA E Reviewer, $900,000 grant proposal:
(1) Prior work with the FF-1 concept has been
conducted with the results accepted and
published, and a patent has been granted. While
fusion is typically regarded as a future
achievement, the proposed technical approach is
based on credible prior work.
(2) Though 5 MWe is fairly small on an national
energy scale, if this generator can be deployed,
there is still potential benefits. While an entire city
may not run on it, individual facilities could benefit
greatly.
(3) Additionally, if such a generator is feasible, the
cost/performance ratio should decline with a rapid
deployment of these smaller systems.

37. Why no stampede to invest?
 Herd mentality
 DOE focus on tokamak
 But may be changing
 “We are closely following start-ups experimenting with
new technologies such as low-energy nuclear reaction
and fusion. If successful, these efforts could completely
change the current status quo and hurt traditional energy
producers. It is worth watching this space. People tend to
overestimate what can be done in a year, but
underestimate what can happen in a decade.”
 Black Rock report June 2012

38. PROOF OF 160 KEV—1.8 BILLION DEGREES K

39. 500µm

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CURRENTkA
TIME ns

41. Improvement in
Yield/Current Scaling
y = 1E-08x6.7542
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.00E+10
1.00E+11
1.00E+12
1.00E+02 1.00E+03
NeutronYield
Current I (kA)
Buenos Aires(PFI)
FF-1
Frascati(1MJ)
Limeil
NTSC
Swierk
U of Illinois LPP
Stuttgart(HV)
Darmstadt
Stuttgart(Poseidon)
TAVADIL(PAEO)
Power (FF-1)