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EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL
OF COMMON NUTRITIONAL
PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA.
Dr. S. A DEJI. MBChB, MPH FWACP
Lecturer/Consultant .
Dept. of Community Medicine,
College of Medicine ,
Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti
Epidemiology of undernutrition in Nigeria
• Malnutrition, especially undernutrition is a common problem in Nigeria,
especially in the rural settings of the country.
• Malnutrition is a direct or underlying cause of 45 percent of all deaths of under-
five children.
• Nigeria has the second-highest burden of stunted children in the world with a
national prevalence rate of 32 percent of children under five.
Epidemiology of undernutrition in Nigeria
• An estimated 2 million children in Nigeria suffer from severe
malnutrition with only 2 out of 10 children being reached with
treatment.
• Seven percent of women of childbearing age also suffer from acute
malnutrition.
Common nutritional challenges in Nigeria
Common nutritional challenges among children are;
• Stunting where height for age is less than expected using the z score
in which case the height for age is below the normal SD which
reflects chronic malnutrition.
• Underweight which could either be acute or chronic malnutrition in
which case the weight for age is below the normal SD.
• Wasting due to acute malnutrition with weight for height below the
normal SD standard for the age
Common nutritional challenges in Nigeria
Protein Energy Malnutrition(PEM) comprises nutritional disorders such
as;
• underweight where the child weighs between 60 to 80 % of the
expected weight
• Kwashiorkor, child weighs between 60 to 80 % of the expected weight
with oedema
• Marasmus, child weighs below 60% of the expected weight without
pedal oedema.
• Marasmic-kwashiorkor, the child weighs below 60% of the expected
weight without oedema.
Common nutritional challenges in Nigeria
• Micronutrient deficiencies such as;
• Vitamin A deficiency,
• IDD,
• IRA,
• folate def,
• Zinc def, etc
Control of nutritional challenges in Nigeria.
• Health education
• Nutrirtion intervention program
• Healthy government policies.
• Improving equity in food resource distribution across the country.
• Addressing the problems of farmers’ herder crisis.
• Increasing the level of food fortification in locally available food items.
• Improving the socioeconomic status
• Enahcing intersectoral collaboration

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EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF COMMON NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS IN.pdf

  • 1. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF COMMON NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA. Dr. S. A DEJI. MBChB, MPH FWACP Lecturer/Consultant . Dept. of Community Medicine, College of Medicine , Ekiti State University Ado-Ekiti
  • 2. Epidemiology of undernutrition in Nigeria • Malnutrition, especially undernutrition is a common problem in Nigeria, especially in the rural settings of the country. • Malnutrition is a direct or underlying cause of 45 percent of all deaths of under- five children. • Nigeria has the second-highest burden of stunted children in the world with a national prevalence rate of 32 percent of children under five.
  • 3. Epidemiology of undernutrition in Nigeria • An estimated 2 million children in Nigeria suffer from severe malnutrition with only 2 out of 10 children being reached with treatment. • Seven percent of women of childbearing age also suffer from acute malnutrition.
  • 4. Common nutritional challenges in Nigeria Common nutritional challenges among children are; • Stunting where height for age is less than expected using the z score in which case the height for age is below the normal SD which reflects chronic malnutrition. • Underweight which could either be acute or chronic malnutrition in which case the weight for age is below the normal SD. • Wasting due to acute malnutrition with weight for height below the normal SD standard for the age
  • 5. Common nutritional challenges in Nigeria Protein Energy Malnutrition(PEM) comprises nutritional disorders such as; • underweight where the child weighs between 60 to 80 % of the expected weight • Kwashiorkor, child weighs between 60 to 80 % of the expected weight with oedema • Marasmus, child weighs below 60% of the expected weight without pedal oedema. • Marasmic-kwashiorkor, the child weighs below 60% of the expected weight without oedema.
  • 6. Common nutritional challenges in Nigeria • Micronutrient deficiencies such as; • Vitamin A deficiency, • IDD, • IRA, • folate def, • Zinc def, etc
  • 7. Control of nutritional challenges in Nigeria. • Health education • Nutrirtion intervention program • Healthy government policies. • Improving equity in food resource distribution across the country. • Addressing the problems of farmers’ herder crisis. • Increasing the level of food fortification in locally available food items. • Improving the socioeconomic status • Enahcing intersectoral collaboration