Luc Hoffman Institute visit - Balancing sustainable development, food security and ecosystems: Case studies from the Philippines
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In this presentation, I do four things. I first highlight why agriculture and food security are a core sustainable development issue for the Philippines. I then emphasise the role that theoretical lenses on food security play in understand institutions, smallholder behaviour and landscape change. I proceed to present three case studies in which food security is being threatened by a range of political, developmental and behavioural drives. I conclude by highlighting the contribution of my PhD in collaborating with a number of universities and research centres.
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Luc Hoffman Institute visit - Balancing sustainable development, food security and ecosystems: Case studies from the Philippines
- 1. Balancing sustainable development, food security and ecosystems: Case studies from the Philippines Federico Davila, PhD Candidate Fenner School of Environment and Society B. Interdisciplinary Studies (Sustainability), M. Environment (Research) SEARCA Visiting Fellow E: federico.davila@anu.edu.au : @davila_federico
- 2. 2 Talk Outline: Part 1: Philippines agriculture and development context (context setting) Part 2: Is food security enough? Part 3: Case studies Part 4: Conclusion and opportunities
- 3. • 7’000 islands • Mega bio-diverse • 100+ million people, projected 150m by 2050 • Forest cover • 1934 = 59% total area • 2005 = 24% total area • Economy • Agriculture • Remittances • Disaster hot spot • 5 levels of government Part 1: Context
- 5. Philippines agricultural context • 20% of GDP • 2/3 of rural households remain below poverty line • Centre of Green Revolution • Commodity focused policies and research • Import dependent, ‘peak land’ reached 5 Part 1: Context Policy focus • Rural livelihoods and income not the focus • Cemented social structures and complex governance
- 6. Political Ecology Questions for Filipino Agriculture 6 Part 2: Theory History How have agricultural ecosystems changed over time? What has facilitated ecosystem change? How have ecosystems influenced social structures? Processes What needs to change to improve the landscape and wellbeing of people using it? Institutions
- 7. 7 Socio-Political Drivers A food systems framework Global Environmental Change Shock natural drivers Food system activities: • Production • Processing • Distribution • Consumption • Waste management Ericksen, P., 2008. Conceptualizing food systems for global environmental change research, Global Environmental Change, 18(1): 234-245. Drivers Part 2: Theory
- 8. Part 2: Theory • Dominates development discourses • Fails to question production and power relations • A measurable outcome to obtain – but at what cost? • Frames solutions and narratives • Sustainable intensification • Climate Smart Agriculture
- 9. Part 2: Theory • Critiques status quo of development • Grassroots literature • Political economy and history • Complex, ambitious and limited examples • New narratives?
- 10. (Process, decisions, governance) (Quantifiable outcome) Political Ecology Environmental Context Institutions and governance What could change ? Food system discourses Part 2: Theory
- 11. Philippines food systems context 11 Policy Context Research Context Social context • Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Policy • Food sovereignty bill • Smallholder development bill • Local development plans • One town one product • Trade context • Technical, disciplinary research • Micro scale expertise, capacity on ‘bigger picture’ critical • Willingness to collorate • Young population • Old rural population • Remittances economy Part 3: Cases
- 12. Case 1: Green City Development ? System: Jackfruit, vegetables Self-sufficient + market access Threat: 10’000 HA urban project Hydro-Power Consequence Dislocation, no inclusive process and concern for smallholders
- 13. Case 2: Bioethanol production ? Consequence Mono-Crops, expanded land use, family income risk System Mixed corn, sugar, vegetables Very Remote Threat Industrial processing plant access (2012)
- 14. Case 3: Commodity Trap
- 15. Preliminary themes 15 • Farmers’ world ends at the market à no desire to engage in policy • Local Government Units most equipped to support farmers • National Bills and laws minimally enforced • Climate adaptation a major theme • Landscape and institutions constrain change
- 16. (Process, decisions, governance) (Quantifiable outcome) Political Ecology Environmental Context Institutions and governance What could change ? Food system discourses
- 17. Challenges for sustainability in the Philippines • Food system is highly productivist driven, with little concern for biodiversity-agriculture links • Governance structure and social systems perpetuate behaviours • Traditional development discourses embedded in institutions 17
- 18. Research contribution and next steps 18 Stage 1: 2014 Framing and relationships built Stage 2: 2015 Systems workshop, research framing Stage 3: 2016 Smallholder systems workshop Stage 4: Future Long term project
- 19. 19
- 20. Thank you and questions? Federico Davila, PhD Candidate Fenner School of Environment and Society B. Interdisciplinary Studies (Sustainability), M. Environment (Research) Visiting Fellow, SEARCA E: federico.davila@anu.edu.au : @davila_federico