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Assignment 8:
Narrative Theory
          Fatou Panzout
Part A:
Todorov (1&2)
Todorov
   Todorov suggests that there are 5 main
    stages of narrative (with 3 major stages)
    ◦ Equilibrium (Normality)
    ◦ Disequilibrium (conflict of equilibrium by action
      or event)
    ◦ Recognition of Disequilibrium
      (conflict/disruption)
    ◦ Attempt to repair disequilibrium
    ◦ New Equilibrium (New Normality)




Todorov
1.EQUILIBRIUM




                                                  2. DISRUPTION
  5. NEW                                          OF EQUILIBRIUM
EQUILIBRIUM

                  Todorov‟s Narrative Theory



        4. AN ATTEMPT                     3. RECOGNITION
        TO REPAIR THE                          OF THE
           DAMAGE                           DISRUPTION
 The disturbance of the equilibrium pushes the effect/cause chain of
  events that makes the plot of the film. Stages 2,3,4 can sometime s be
  repeated over and over again before we can reach the final stage of new
  equilibrium (end). Thus, the anticipation („the edge of our seats‟) is
  maintained by the lack of resolution. The complete narrative structure
  builds the audiences pleasure and satisfaction that are met by the
  resolution: „Happy Ending‟.
 Quite often, the new equilibrium absorbs a new state of being, where not
  only has order been returned, but some kind of learning process or
  improvement to life has taken place.
 In the case of mainstream films (trilogies), each film leaves the audience
  with an unfinished aspect of the plot of the film, in order for the audience
  to get ready for the next sequel.
 Different types of genres will show the 5 stage process differently,
  capturing different typical disturbance and resolutions




Todorov
Todorov Task 1
 Equilibrium – White Chicks
 FBI doing there daily job, looking for
  whatever it is they need to look for.




Todorov Task 2
 Disequilibrium
 They have two famous twins that they
  have to escort to a hotel, but get into a
  car crash.




Task 2
 Recognition of Disequilibrium
 The two officers have to switch places
  with the twins, taking there place as
  them. Without telling anybody.




Task 2
 Attempt to repair disequilibrium
 After everybody found out about the
  officers switching places with the twins,
  the villains get caught, one of the officers
  relationship gets fixed




Task 2
 New Equilibrium
 The officers go shopping with their new
  found friends.




Task 2
Claude Levi-Strauss
   He believed that our world is described as Binary Opposites. When we see
    into the themes that the stories and even real life consist of, we come to
    realize that they have differences, contradictions and conflict or opposites.
    ◦   Day/Night
    ◦   Good/Bad
    ◦   Light/Dark
    ◦   Female/Male
 We recognize that the essential conflict in relation to the narrative, which
  shows a familiarity in stories and films
 Strauss also believed that these oppositions are quite fundamental to our
  ability to make meanings of our own lives. For example, we understand
  the fact the good is an opposition of evil.
 He believed opposition brought more structure to text including things like
  stories, books, plays, and films




Levi-Strauss
HERO         VILLIAN
     GOOD         EVIL


     NATIVE      OTUSIDE


      LOVE        HATE


    HANDSOME      UGLY




Example
SETTLERS            NATIVE
                    AMERICANS
     CIVILISED          SAVAGE


     CHRISTIAN          PAGAN


  ORDERED SOCIETY   OUTSIDE SOCIETY

       TOWN           WILDERNESS
    HANDSOME           SCARRED




Example – Western Genre
   However there is a problem with Strauss‟
    theory
   Oppositions can essentially lead to a status of
    hierarchy, leaning on one side having to „win‟
    the conflict; even though it is tied to the
    structure of the narrative
   But the audience are expected to favour the
    winning side.
   This may create a dangerous norm (e.g. ideal
    image of white, big muscles, strong,
    handsome, brave male hero).


Problem
Film      Opposite 1                  Opposite 2                 Explanation

“Juice”                                                          The difference
                                                                 between the two is
                                                                 that one of them is
                                                                 good, knowing his
                                                                 rights from wrong
                                                                 and doesn‟t want to
                                                                 cause trouble,
          • Q is a member of “The     •  Bishop is also a        whereas the other
          Wrecking Crew” but is the   member of “The
                                                                 character seems to
          most sensible out of all.   Wrecking Crew” but he
                                                                 do all things bad,
          He knows his right from     is the most violent out
                                      of all of them. He seeks   and seeks things
          wrongs and is also an
                                      to have power and          that must be earned
          aspiring DJ.
                                      respect, even though       and not forced.
                                      he doesn‟t really
                                      deserve it. For this
                                      causes him to kill a
                                      numerous amount of
                                      people to try and
                                      accomplish this mission




Genre: Drama
Film         Opposite 1              Opposite 2                 Explanation

The Unborn                                                      They‟re opposite to
                                                                each other
                                                                because we see
                                                                that one of them is
                                                                evil than the other
                                                                character who is
             •   Young unborn        •   Young girl who is a    innocent and good
                 child who is            victim of the family
                 seeking revenge         curse. She is a good
                 within the family       girl throughout the
                 curse                   movie as she in
                                         unaware of the
                                         family curse




Genre: Horror
Films       Opposite 1             Opposite 2             Explanation
Spiderman                                                  The differences
                                                           between the two
                                                           is that one seeks
                                                           to have power
                                                           and greed, than
                                                           in contrast to the
                                                           hero who wans to
            •   Peter              •   The Green           protect and save
                Parker/Spiderman       Goblin is a villian those he loves.
                , two alter egos       who seeks to
                meet as one, to        take over the
                create a brave         city, so that he
                and bold hero          can rule under
                                       his own powers.




Genre: Action

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Assignment 8 - Narrative Theory

  • 4. Todorov suggests that there are 5 main stages of narrative (with 3 major stages) ◦ Equilibrium (Normality) ◦ Disequilibrium (conflict of equilibrium by action or event) ◦ Recognition of Disequilibrium (conflict/disruption) ◦ Attempt to repair disequilibrium ◦ New Equilibrium (New Normality) Todorov
  • 5. 1.EQUILIBRIUM 2. DISRUPTION 5. NEW OF EQUILIBRIUM EQUILIBRIUM Todorov‟s Narrative Theory 4. AN ATTEMPT 3. RECOGNITION TO REPAIR THE OF THE DAMAGE DISRUPTION
  • 6.  The disturbance of the equilibrium pushes the effect/cause chain of events that makes the plot of the film. Stages 2,3,4 can sometime s be repeated over and over again before we can reach the final stage of new equilibrium (end). Thus, the anticipation („the edge of our seats‟) is maintained by the lack of resolution. The complete narrative structure builds the audiences pleasure and satisfaction that are met by the resolution: „Happy Ending‟.  Quite often, the new equilibrium absorbs a new state of being, where not only has order been returned, but some kind of learning process or improvement to life has taken place.  In the case of mainstream films (trilogies), each film leaves the audience with an unfinished aspect of the plot of the film, in order for the audience to get ready for the next sequel.  Different types of genres will show the 5 stage process differently, capturing different typical disturbance and resolutions Todorov
  • 8.  Equilibrium – White Chicks  FBI doing there daily job, looking for whatever it is they need to look for. Todorov Task 2
  • 9.  Disequilibrium  They have two famous twins that they have to escort to a hotel, but get into a car crash. Task 2
  • 10.  Recognition of Disequilibrium  The two officers have to switch places with the twins, taking there place as them. Without telling anybody. Task 2
  • 11.  Attempt to repair disequilibrium  After everybody found out about the officers switching places with the twins, the villains get caught, one of the officers relationship gets fixed Task 2
  • 12.  New Equilibrium  The officers go shopping with their new found friends. Task 2
  • 14. He believed that our world is described as Binary Opposites. When we see into the themes that the stories and even real life consist of, we come to realize that they have differences, contradictions and conflict or opposites. ◦ Day/Night ◦ Good/Bad ◦ Light/Dark ◦ Female/Male  We recognize that the essential conflict in relation to the narrative, which shows a familiarity in stories and films  Strauss also believed that these oppositions are quite fundamental to our ability to make meanings of our own lives. For example, we understand the fact the good is an opposition of evil.  He believed opposition brought more structure to text including things like stories, books, plays, and films Levi-Strauss
  • 15. HERO VILLIAN GOOD EVIL NATIVE OTUSIDE LOVE HATE HANDSOME UGLY Example
  • 16. SETTLERS NATIVE AMERICANS CIVILISED SAVAGE CHRISTIAN PAGAN ORDERED SOCIETY OUTSIDE SOCIETY TOWN WILDERNESS HANDSOME SCARRED Example – Western Genre
  • 17. However there is a problem with Strauss‟ theory  Oppositions can essentially lead to a status of hierarchy, leaning on one side having to „win‟ the conflict; even though it is tied to the structure of the narrative  But the audience are expected to favour the winning side.  This may create a dangerous norm (e.g. ideal image of white, big muscles, strong, handsome, brave male hero). Problem
  • 18. Film Opposite 1 Opposite 2 Explanation “Juice” The difference between the two is that one of them is good, knowing his rights from wrong and doesn‟t want to cause trouble, • Q is a member of “The • Bishop is also a whereas the other Wrecking Crew” but is the member of “The character seems to most sensible out of all. Wrecking Crew” but he do all things bad, He knows his right from is the most violent out of all of them. He seeks and seeks things wrongs and is also an to have power and that must be earned aspiring DJ. respect, even though and not forced. he doesn‟t really deserve it. For this causes him to kill a numerous amount of people to try and accomplish this mission Genre: Drama
  • 19. Film Opposite 1 Opposite 2 Explanation The Unborn They‟re opposite to each other because we see that one of them is evil than the other character who is • Young unborn • Young girl who is a innocent and good child who is victim of the family seeking revenge curse. She is a good within the family girl throughout the curse movie as she in unaware of the family curse Genre: Horror
  • 20. Films Opposite 1 Opposite 2 Explanation Spiderman The differences between the two is that one seeks to have power and greed, than in contrast to the hero who wans to • Peter • The Green protect and save Parker/Spiderman Goblin is a villian those he loves. , two alter egos who seeks to meet as one, to take over the create a brave city, so that he and bold hero can rule under his own powers. Genre: Action