All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

1. Cell
Little set of organ

2. Cellula
(Latin)
Small room
Cell

3. Deffination
• Cells are the structural and functional units
of all living organisms.
• The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in
1665. In 1835, before the final cell theory
was developed, Jan Evangelista Purkyně
observed small "granules" while looking at
the plant tissue through a microscope.
• The cell is the basic structural and
functional unit of all known living organisms.
It is the smallest unit of life that is
classified as a living thing, and is often
called the building block of life

4. Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of
cells.
• Cells are the smallest working
units of all living things.
• All cells come from preexisting
cells through cell division.

5. Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood
Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria

6. Two Types ofTwo Types of
CellsCells
•ProkaryoticProkaryotic
•EukaryoticEukaryotic

7. Pro-karyotic
• Cells that lack a
membrane-bound nucleus
are called prokaryotes
• Prokaryotic cells differ
significantly from
eukaryotic cells. instead of
having chromosomal DNA,
their genetic information is
in a circular loop called a
plasmid
• Prokaryotic cells feature
three major shapes: rod
shaped, spherical, and
spiral. Instead of going
through elaborate
replication processes like
eukaryotes, bacterial cells
divide by binary fission
• bacteria are involved in
many nutrient cycles such
as the nitrogen cycle,
which restores nitrate into

8. Eukaryotic
• Karyotic cell can be easily
distinguished through a
membrane-bound nucleus
• Eukaryotic cells also contain
many internal membrane-
bound structures called
organelles. These organelles
such as the mitochondrion or
chloroplast serve to perform
metabolic functions and
energy conversion. Another
important member of the
eukaryote family is the plant
cell. They function
essentially in the same
manner as other eukaryotic
cells, but there are three
unique structures which set
them apart. Plastids, cell
walls, and vacuoles are
present only in plant cells .

9. Difference between pro-karyotic &
Eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
Small cells (<5 um) Larger cells (> 10 um)
Always uni- cellular Often multi cellular
no nucleus or any membrane bound
organelles such as mitochondria.
Always have nucleus & other
membrane bound organless
DNA is circular without proteins DNA is linear associated with
proteins to form chromatin
Ribosome are small (70S) Ribosome are large (80S)
No cytoskeleton Always has a cytoskeleton
Cell division is by binary fission Cell division is by mitosis/meiosis
Reproduction is always asexual Reproduction is sexual/asexual
Huge variety of metabolic pathway Common metabolic pathways

10. Type :
Eu-caryotic cell Prokaryotic cell

11. Cell StructureCell Structure
& Function& Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

12. Cell
Plasma
membrane
Protoplasm
Surrounding the
cell

13. Plasma-membrane
• Outer membrane
of cell that
controls
movement in and
out of the cell
• Double layer
• Protect inner
organ

14. Protoplasm
• Reproduction
• Chemical
• Excretions
• Irritability
• Movement
• Growth

15. protoplasm
Nucleus Cytoplasm
Protoplasm
structure

16. Nucleus
Brain of the cell
• Directs cell
activities
• Separated from
cytoplasm by
nuclear membrane
• Contains genetic
material - DNA

17. Nuclear Membrane/Envelope
• Surrounds
nucleus
• Made of two
layers
• Openings allow
material to
enter and leave
nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

18. Chromosomes
• In nucleus
• Made of DNA
• Contain
instructions for
traits &
characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

19. Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus
• Contains RNA
to build
proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

20. Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell
membrane
• Contains hereditary
material
• The cytoplasm has
three major
elements; the
cytosol, organelles
and inclusions.

21. Cytoplasm
Vacuoles
Centreol
Ribo-
some
Lyso-
some
Golgi-
body
Endo
plasomic-
reticulum
Mito-
conidia
Cytoplasm

22. Mitochondria (power house)
• Produces energy ATP
through chemical
reactions – breaking
down fats &
carbohydrates
• Controls level of
water and other
materials in cell
• Recycles and
decomposes proteins,
fats, and
carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

23. Endoplasmic Reticulum
(Suicide bag)
• Moves materials
around in cell
• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes
• Rough type
(pictured):
ribosomes
embedded in
surface .http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

24. Golgi Bodies
• Protein 'packaging
plant'
• Move materials
within the cell
• Move materials out
of the cell
• Hormone
secreartion.
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

25. Ribosome's
Energy of all
• Each cell contains
thousands
• Make proteins
• Found on ribosomes &
floating throughout
the cell
• Internal messenger
• Fat, protein
metabolism
• Two type……
• 70s & 80s ribosome's
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

26. Lysosome
Bag of enzyme
• Digestive 'plant'
for proteins, fats,
and carbohydrates
• Enzyme transfer
• Create ATP
• Transports
undigested material
to cell membrane
for removal
• Cell breaks down if
lysosome explodes
http://library.thinkques

27. Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound
sacs for storage,
digestion, and waste
removal
• Contains water
solution
• Help plants maintain
shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

28. Centrosome
• Strengthen cell &
maintains the
shape
• Moves organelles
within the cell
• Separate
chromosome pairs
during mitosis

29. Overall function of cell
• Properties of Life
What defines something as living?
• Molecule Transport
The cell must be able to obtain nutrients
and other molecules to survive.
• Reproduction
Simply being able to sustain itself is not
enough. Cells must be able to produce new
generations to ensure the survival of their
specie.
• Cellular Metabolism
It takes energy to make things happen,
even at the cellular level.

30. So
Build-up your cell
Healthy &
Live long