Here are the key points about using the present simple tense: - We use it to talk about routines, habits, facts and scheduled events. - For the verb "to be" we use am, is, are. - For regular verbs (not ending in -ing, -ed) we add -s to the third person singular (he, she, it). - For questions and negatives we use do/does + verb. - We don't use it for temporary actions or those happening now - we use the present continuous for those. - With stative verbs like "know", "like" etc we don't use the present continuous. - Time expressions like usually,

4. A - AN
a one-day course /wʌn/
a European country /jʊərəˈpiːən/
a union among states /ˈjuːnjən/
a university in Louisiana /juːnɪˈvəːsɪti/
a euphemism /ˈjuːfəmɪzm/
a URL /juːɑːrˈɛl/ (Es abreviatura, pero
pronunciamos las letras una por una.)
An hour. (Hora)
An honest. (Honesto)
An hologram. (Holograma)

5. A
• En inglés, casi todas las palabras que empiezan con
consonante irán precedidas por el artículo a.
• Algunas palabras pueden escribirse empezando con una
vocal, pero se pronuncian con sonidos iniciales de
consonante. Las palabras que empiezan con h, y, u, y eu o e
son palabras comunes que pueden causar confusión.
• Usa a cuando la u haga el mismo sonido de la y en you: a union, a
unicorn, a used napkin, a usability study.
• Usa a cuando la o haga el mismo sonido de la w en won: a one-
legged man.
• Usa a cuando eu o e haga el mismo sonido de la y: a European
trip, a ewe lamb.
• No uses a cuando la h sea muda.

6. AN
En inglés, casi todas las palabras que empiezan con vocales
irán precedidas por el artículo an
Algunas palabras pueden escribirse empezando con una
consonante, pero se pronuncian con sonido inicial de vocal.
Las palabras que empiezan en h son las causas más comunes
de confusión, pero hay algunas otras letras que también
pueden ser un reto.
• Usa an antes de una h muda: an hour, an honorable peace,
an honest error.
• Usa an antes de las palabras que se escriben con
consonante, pero se pronuncian con sonido de vocal: an
MBA.

7. Tape scripts
• So. what do you do at the beginning of the day, Darina?
 I usually go to reception and meet the head housekeeper. There's usually a
printout from the Computer telling us which rooms are 'stay-overs' and which ones
are ’check-outs'. We call the rooms ‘SOs‘ and 'COs'.
• SOs and COs?
 That's right. An SO, or stay-over, is a general routine clean. We change the sheets
every two days, towels every day if necessary, and clean the bathrooms.
• And what about the bedrooms?
 In the bedroom we make the bed, clean and tidy up.
 If people are staying over. we just give it a quick tidy and don't disturb their things.

8. LISTENING DAILY DUTIES
1. Darina Farrell is the Assistant Housekeeper in the Bahama Beach Hotel in the
Caribbean. Listen and answer the questions.
a) What are SOs?
b) What are COs?
2. What do the housekeepers usually do if they have an SO? Listen again and tick ( )
the phrases you hear.
a) change the sheets
b) use the Computer
c) check the soap
d) change the towels
e) clean the bathroom
f) make the bed
g) tidy the bedroom
h) use air freshener

9. I So, how many days a week do you work?
D Six days a week.
I And do you have to work on Saturdays and Sundays?
D I always work on Saturdays and Sundays.
I So do you have any free days?
D I always take Tuesdays or Wednesdays.
I And what time do you finish work at the hotel?
D I often work from nine to one, or nine to two, but on a very busy day, especially
¡f it's a Monday with a lot of check-outs, sometimes I don't finish until three in the
afternoon.
3. Darina talks about her working hours. Listen and answer the questions.
a) How many days a week does she work?
b) How often does she work at the weekend?
c) When does she have some free time?
d) What hours does she sometimes work on Mondays?

10. Meet many people
Los verbos meet y know a menudo nos causan
muchos problemas a los españoles estudiantes de
inglés. Para ambas palabras en inglés, usamos una
sóla palabra en español, que es el verbo conocer.
Pero en inglés to meet quiere decir conocer una
primera vez, y to know es a partir del primer
momento en que conoces a una persona. Es decir, to
meet hace referencia al momento en que conoces a
alguien, y to know, más bien al periodo que hace que
conoces a alguien.

11. 1. Te conozco
2. Te conocí ayer
3. Cuando le conociste?
4. No le conozco
5. Te conozco porque te conocí
la semana pasada
6. No te conocía la semana
pasada
7. No te conocí la semana
pasada
8. Cuándo me conociste?
9. No se si le conoces
10. No se si le conociste
1. I know you
2. I met you yesterday.
3. When did you meet him?
4. I don´t know him.
5. I know you because I
met you last week.
6. I didn´t know you last
week
7. I didn´t meet you last
week.
8. When did you meet me?
9. I don´t know if you know
him.
10. I don´t know if you met
him.

12. LANGUAGE FOCUS
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Look at the examples and underline the correct option
below.
• Darina always works on Saturdays and Sundays.
• She usually works from nine to one.
• The hotel isn't often busy on Tuesdays.
• They sometimes work until three in the afternoon.
• Darina hardly ever finishes early on Mondays.
• She is never late for work.

13. Adverbs of frequency
We put the adverbs always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever
and never before.
1. Adverbs of frequency go after the verb be.
The hotel is usually busy in October.
She is never late for work.
1. With other verb forms, adverbs of frequency go before the main
verb.
Our customers never complain.
It can sometimes be difficult to find a taxi at night.
They have often been to Turkey.

15. Adverbs of frequency
SPEAKING
Work In pairs.
Write six sentences about your partner, using always,
usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever and never.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

16. TASK
Adverbs of frequency
'How often do you...?' questions
Adverbs and expressions of frequency

17. Listening
Listen to Darina and complete the notes.
1. She's responsible for six to ___________ chambermaids.
2. One of her main duties is to ________ new staff.
3. She has a bleeper so that people ________________ her.
4. After the chambermaids have cleaned the rooms, she ________
that everything is OK.
eight
train
can contact
check

18. I What are you responsible for as Assistant
Housekeeper?
D Well. I Help the head housekeeper. We're
responsible for about six people. six chambermaids.
but sometimes eight in the summer with full
occupancy. One of my main duties is to train new
staff. Usually, on their first day. they stay with me all
day. Then on the second day. they work with one of
the chambermaids. I also have a bleeper so that
people can contact me in case they have problems or
any questions. When people have cleaned their
rooms, I check everything's OK before the new
guests check in.

19. Language focus Present simple
We use the present simple for regular activities and
situations.
We make negative sentences and questions with do /
does.
• New chambermaids don't work alone.
• Why does she carry a bleeper?
With she, he, it we put -s at the end of verbs.
cleans, trains, likes, plays, goes, flies.

21. go
Dont usually
stay
is
do you do
visit
go
plays
has
do you stay
Dont stay start
like
watch
Dont do

23. FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE

33. We use at:
1. to refer to a position or location which we see as a
point:
I was sitting at my desk.
2. to talk about locations at companies, workplaces when
we see them as a place of activity:
How many people are working at Microsoft?
3. to refer to activities which involve a group of people:
Were you at Lisa’s party?
(also at the cinema, at the theatre)

34. We use at:
4. with school/college/university:
She always did well at school.
5. to refer to an address:
They once lived at number 12 South George’s
Street.
6. to talk about public places where we get treatments,
such as a hairdresser’s or doctor’s surgery:
I can’t meet at four. I’ll be at the hairdresser’s until
five.
7. to refer to most shops:
Look what I bought at the butcher’s today.

35. We use in:
• to talk about locations within a larger area:
I know my book is somewhere in this room.
Can anyone see it?
• to talk about workplaces when we see them as a
physical location:
She works in an open-plan office. (but we use on
when we talk about a farm: I’ve always wanted to
work on a farm.)
with class:
He found it difficult to concentrate in class.

36. We use on:
• to refer to a position on any surface:
I know I left my wallet on the table.
• to describe a position along a road or river or by the sea or by a
lake:
Dublin is on the east coast of Ireland.
• to talk about a floor in a building:
They live on the 15th floor!
• to talk about being physically on public transport:
I was on the train when she phoned. (but to talk about ways of
travelling, we use by: I went to Rome by train.)

37. 1. I live ___ a house.
2. We will meet ___ 5:00 pm.
3. My birthday is ___ May 5th.
4. The last Olympics were held ___ 2012.
5. I usually study ___ Sundays.
6. My books were ___ this table, where did they go?
7. They left ___ 9:00 am.
8. We met ___ the park.
9. I like taking a nap ___ the afternoon.
10. It rains a lot ___ spring.
https://www.aulafacil.com/cursos/ingles/a1/preposi
ciones-de-tiempo-at-in-on-ejercicios-l15452
IN
AT
ON
IN
ON
ON
AT
IN
IN
IN

40. • Cuando el verbo termina en O, do, does, go, goes, etc.
• Cuando el sustantivo BUS se usa en el sentido de
transportar (llevar, por ej, gente) como verbo;
"He buses the retirees to their doctor appointments
in his car as a community service.“
• BUS tambien se usa en el sentido de limpiar mesas (retira
los platos, vasos, utensillos y manteles sucios) en un
restaurant. Una persona quien limpia mesas se llama BUS
BOY, la tarea que desempeña es TO BUS TABLES.
"He buses tables every evening at the Italian
restaurant."

41. • La palabra KNIFE (cuchillo) tambien es el verbo
acuchillar, como el plural de KNIFE es KNIVES, KNIVES
tambien es la tercera persona.
"The police told me that the killer knives his
victims in back alleys.“
• La palabra HALF (mitad) tambien puede usarse como
un verbo indicando que algo se esta cortando por la
mitad (o partiendo). El plural de HALF es HALVES,
HALVES es tambien la tercera persona.
"Every time we have a party he halves the cake
and eats the whole half."

42. • Los verbos to BE y to HAVE. Is, was son la tercera
del presente y el pasado respectivamente de BE,
HAS BEEN es la tercera persona del present perfect
de to BE. La tercera persona de HAVE es HAS.

43. Write the third person singular
of the following verbs:
1. pray
2. try
3. mix
4. brush
5. watch
6. study
7. teach
8. hunt
9. surf
10. go
11. make
12. kiss
13. do
14. work
15. cry

46. • Right Now
• This month / Week
TO BE

47. Don´t believe
Does´n
Is
Rain
Sleeps
Meeting
Help
Are
Is rainning
Use
Is Sleeping
coming
Does
Is not reading Is sitting Is writing
go Aren´t going
am taking

48. 1. The man makes a reservation finally for which
day?
A. March 20th
B. March 21st
C. March 22nd
2. What kind of room does the man prefer?
A. a non-smoking room
B. a smoking room
C. either one is okay
3. Why doesn't he want to reserve the suite?
A. It doesn't have a nice view.
B. It doesn't come with a sauna bath.
C. It's too expensive.
4. Including tax, how much is the man's room?
A. 80 dollars
B. 88 dollars
C. 96 dollars
5. How do you spell the man's name?
A. Maxner
B. Maexner
C. Mexner

49. Hotel Clerk: Hello. Sunnyside Inn. May I help you?
Man: Yes, I'd like to reserve a room for two on the
21st of March.
Hotel Clerk: Okay. Let me check our computer
here for a moment. The 21st of May, right?
Man: No. March, not May.
Hotel Clerk: Oh, sorry. Let me see here. Hmmm.
Man: Are you all booked that night?
Hotel Clerk: Well, we have one suite available,
complete with a kitchenetteand a sauna bath. And
the view of the city is great, too.
Man: How much is that?
Hotel Clerk: It's only $200 dollars, plus a 10%
room tax.
Man: Oh, that's a little too expensive for me. Do
you have a cheaper room available either on the
20th or the 22nd?
Hotel Clerk: Well, would you like a smoking or a
non-smoking room?
Man: Non-smoking, please.
Hotel Clerk: Okay, we do have a few rooms
available on the 20th; we're full on the 22nd,
unless you want a smoking room.
Man: Well, how much is the non-smoking room
on the 20th?
Hotel Clerk: $80 dollars, plus the 10% room tax.
Man: Okay, that'll be fine.
Hotel Clerk: All right. Could I have your name,
please?
Man: Yes. Bob Maexner.
Hotel Clerk: How do you spell your last name, Mr.
Maexner?
Man: M-A-E-X-N-E-R.
Hotel Clerk: Okay, Mr. Maexner, we look forward
to seeing you on March 20th.
Man: Okay. Goodbye.

50. • How _______ is the room for one
night?
• The _________ of the city is beautiful.
• I want to __________ a room for next
Friday.
• Well, $200 for a room is a little
__________ for me. Do you have
something cheaper?
• Let me _________ our books to see if
we have a room.
view
expensive
reserve
much
check

52. Where do you work?
When do you start working?
How do you go to work?
How many hours do you work?
Do you work on sundays?

53. GRAMMAR REFERENCE
Tense review
PRESENT SIMPLE
We use the present simple to talk about routine activities,
very often with an adverb of frequency.
She often works late.
We sometimes get complaints but not many.
Use the present simple to talk about facts and (permanent
States) things that are generally true:
It rains a lot in England.
Spain attracts many English holidaymakers.
The hotel overlooks a sandy bay.

54. Use the present simple also to talk about regular actions and
habits:
We have a beach holiday every year.
We use the present simple to refer to timetabled events that
are unlikely to change.
The early flight gets in at 08.45.
Verbs that describe permanent States are not used in the
present continuous.
It rains a lot in Scotland (NOT It is raining)
Does this bag belong to you? (NOT ls this bag belonging)
Do you know where to go? (NOT Are you knowing)

55. FORMATION
1. With the present simple of the verb be, use am, is or are in affirmative
statements, questions and negatives.
He is always very friendly.
Are you interested in travelling?
I'm not often here at the weekends.
1. Use do/does to form the negative and questions.
We don't live near here.
Does your country have a lot of parks?
3. Excepción: Los adverbios de tiempo van delante del verbo, excepto el verbo
“to be” (ser/estar). Cuando se usa “to be” el verbo va delante del adverbio.
Ejemplos:
I am always happy.(Siempre estoy contento.)
He is often sick.(A menudo él está enfermo.)
They are rarely late.(En raras ocasiones llegan tarde.)

56. With the present simple of other verbs, use the verb on its own in
affirmative statements.
They work in the same office as me.
Remember to add -s to the main verb after he/she/it.
Peter lives in a really big house.
Note these spelling changes after he/she/it
• Verbs ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -z, -x or -o, add -es.
watches
• The verb have becomes has after he/she/it.
The city has a lot of parks.
• Verbs ending in consonant + -y, change -y to -ies.
carries

57. Grupo 1:
Cuando encontramos una consonante antes de la Y (Cry,
Carry, Copy), debemos borrar la Y y escribir IES.
Cry (Llorar): Cries
Carry (Llevar): Carries
Copy (Copiar): Copies
Grupo 2:
Cuando encontramos una vocal antes de la Y (Play, Stay,
Pray), simplemente agregamos una S.
Play (Jugar): Plays
Stay (Quedarse): Stays
Pray (Rezar): Prays

58. Present simple short answers use do/does.
Yes, it does. / No, it doesn't.
Use do/does or am/is/are to form questions with who, what, when, where,
how, why, which.
When does summer start here ?
What is your name?
ADVERBS AND TIME EXPRESSIONS
You often use adverbs of frequency with the present simple, e.g. always,
often, sometimes, never. The adverb comes after the verb be, but before
other verbs.
It's never really hot in Creenland.
It doesn't often rain in Dubai.
You can also use time expressions with the present simple, e.g. every day,
once a week, every year.
The news is on BBC at six every evening.

59. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1. We use the present continuous to describe an activity in
progress at the moment of speaking.
Everyone's waiting for you, so hurry up.
The phone's ringing but there's no answer.
2. We use the present continuous to talk about a temporary
situation, happening around now but not necessarily at the
moment of speaking.
We're doing a special offer this week for holldays to Tenerife.
We're trying to make savings.
3. We also use the present continuous to refer to planned events
for the future.
They're opening a new agency next month.
I'm going on a training course soon.

60. 4. Use the present continuous to describe an action
happening now or around now.
We're having an English lesson at the moment.
5. Use the present continuous also to describe a
changing-situation.
The weather in the UK (United Kingdom) is definitely getting
wetter.
6. Form the present continuous with the auxiliary be +
the -ing form of the main verb.
I'm trying to finish this exercise.
'Is it raining?' 'Yes, it is.' / 'No, it isn't.'

61. You usually just add -ing to the end of the main verb, but
note these spelling changes.
• Verbs ending in -e: remove -e and add -ing: live - living
• Verbs ending in vowel + most consonants: double the
consonant and add -ing: get- getting, travel- travelling
(but not with vowel + -y: play - playing)
TIME EXPRESSIONS
You often use time expressions with the present
continuous, e.g. now, today, currently.
We're staying at a friend's house at the moment.

62. You use both the present simple and the present continuous with verbs that
describe actions (action verbs), e.g. rain, work, play.
The children play with their friends on Saturdays.
The children are playing football now.
Some verbs describe States (state verbs) such as feelings and situations, e.g. be,
want, believe, know, understand, like. These verbs don't usually have a
continuous form.
I want a drink.
I'm wanting a drink.
Some verbs can be State or action verbs, e.g. think.
I think this city is beautiful. (= this is my opinión)
I'm thinking about what to wear. (= deciding)

63. Look at the pictures and statements and say if
you agree or not. Support your ideas

64. 
Women are smarter than
men

65. 
Families must be small in
number

66. 
Only the husband should work
in the family

67. 
Women should earn an
equal salary than men

68. 
Study a career should be
mandatory to work

69. 
Teenagers shouldn’t have a
relationship until they are adults

70. 
Abortion should be legal

71. 
All universities should
be free for students

72. 
Children shouldn’t eat fast
food

73. 
Parents mustn’t punish
their kids physically

74. 
Teachers should be able to
hit students

75. 
Medicines for common
illnesses should be free

76. 
Technology gets people
lazy

77. 
Going to school should be optional

78. 
Religion divides people. Is it
right?