Cours donné en master 2 ICHEC, mineure Europe le 3 décembre 2010

1. IF YOU DON’T CARE ABOUT EUROPE, EUROPE TAKES CARE OF YOU Basic EU Lobbying ICHEC 12/3/2010 Jacques Folon Partner EDGE CONSULTING Chargé de cours ICHEC Visiting professor Université de Metz Lecturer University of Liège

2. What do you think is a lobbyist?

5. 1. The EU institutions 2. The EU legislative process 3. Why ? 4. Who are the lobbyists 5. How to ? 6. What the lobbied think 7. The code of conduct 8. The Euro-jargon 9. How to earn money with EU

6. Europe or Europe(s)

8. 1. The EU Institutions EUROPEAN COMMISSION proposes, manages, regulates EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT comments, amends, decides COUNCIL OF MINISTERS negotiates, decides MEMBER STATE implements EUROPEAN COURT adjudicates ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE represents economic and social groups COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS represents local governments EUROPEAN COUNCIL sets the agenda

16. Reminder…

19. EU Summit Lisbon 13/12/2007 Then two years of ratification including Ireland and Polish and Tchek hesitations 1/12/2009 it is done !

20. One bloc: the European Union 3 treaties Lisbon Maastricht Rome

21. The EU is (finally) a legal entity Lisbon Treaty is 152 pages of technical jargon modifying the Rome and Maastricht treaty 13 protocoles 59 declarations Remember it was supposed to be simple !!!!!

22. What is new? One president of the European council (and not the president of Europe!) A VP of the Commission high representative for external affairs and security More competences for the EU Parliament More codecision Sort of referendum (one million eu citizens)

23. Commission Until 2014 one commissioner by member state After 2014 number of commissioner = 2/3 number of member states More powers for the president of the commission (by instance to fire one commissioner).

24. 2. The legal process

25. The European Parliament

27. EU Parliament by political group

28. Men - women

29. Committees

30. Commission

32. Development of a proposal Draft Proposal from DG Responsible Inter-service consultation: Other DGs consulted Legal Services Examination Heads of Cabinet Commission College: Adoption of the Proposal

33. Council

36. The Council: internal structure Council of Ministers COREPER Council Working Groups Presidency: manages process and work-flow Input from Member States

37. = 345 Total France Germany Italy UK Spain Poland NL Belgium Greece Portugal Czech R. Hungary Sweden Austria Bulgaria Denmark Ireland Finland Slovakia Lithuania Lux. Latvia Slovenia Estonia Cyprus Qualified Majority = 255 Simple Majority of Member States 62% of EU population (on request) Malta 27 Romania 29 14 12 13 10 7 4 3 The Council: votes

38. Council Working Groups - Member State Officials - Attachés 27 Delegations composed of Tour de table= 135 minutes

40. Anatomy of EU Power Legislative Process Proposed amendment Political benediction Policy concepts communication initiatives Formal proposals (Commission monopoly) Implementation by Member Stares Much stronger veto EP Member States QMV Common Position Commission Heads of State + Government European Parliament Policy development Research “ Green Papers ” “ Programmes ” Work programmes Draft legislation Internal + external consultation Management + Regulatory responsabilities Council of (relevant) Ministers debate Policy communication Consultation Conclusions/ Recommendations Resolutions etc . Member State Expert Groups Member State Management + Consultative Committees European Commission Member States QMV Conciliation?

41. OCT 01 EUROPEAN COMMISSION EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT (EP) COUNCIL OF MINISTERS (EU MEMBER STATES) COMMISSION PROPOSAL EP PLENARY VOTE (1st READING) COUNCIL ADOPTS COMMON POSITION (1st STAGE AGREEMENT) OCT 02 NOV 03 COUNCIL AGREES AND ADOPTS COREPER REJECTS SOME EP AMENDMENTS EP AND COUNCIL MEET TO NEGOTIATE COMPROMISE TEXT (CONCILIATION PROCEDURE) DIRECTIVE IS ADOPTED REJECTION JAN 04 OCT 02 MEMBER STATES IMPLEMENT DIRECTIVE INTO NATIONAL LEGISLATION / REQUIREMENTS OF REGULATION BECOME APPLICABLE EP COMMITTEES DISCUSS DRAFT REPORT/OPINIONS OCT 03 DEC 03 COMMISSION AMENDED PROPOSAL FEB-APRIL 04 MAY 02 EP ENVIRONMENT COMMITTEE VOTE EP ENVIRONMENT COMMITTEE DISCUSSION EP PLENARY VOTE (2nd READING) EP ENVIRONMENT COMMITTEE VOTE EC EP EP EP EP EP EP EP EP ENVIRONMENT COMMITTEE RECEIVES COMMON POSITION (2nd READING) JAN 04 EP No later than 18 months after adoption CL FEB 04 OCT 01 EP EC: Commission CL: Council EP: Parliament RAPPORTEURS TABLE DRAFT REPORTS/OPINIONS TRIALOGUE (EP, COM, COUNCIL) RAPPORTEURS APPOINTED NOV 03 CL DEADLINE FOR AMENDMENTS CL JUNE 03 HEALTH WORKING GROUP MEETINGS JAN 04 EC COUNCIL HEALTH WORKING GROUP INTENSE NEGOTIATIONS COMMISSION AMENDED PROPOSAL Co-Decision is now the norm

42. 3. Why LOBBYING ?

46. EU TRIANGLE Counsel Member states Commission EU Voice Parliament Citizen’s voices

47. Relations entre institutions PARLEMENT EUROPEEN [785 députés] COMMISSION EUROPEENNE [27 commissaires] COUR DE JUSTICE Respect du droit communautaire Proposition Exécution CONSEIL EUROPEEN [Chefs d ’Etat et de gouvernement + le Président de la Commission] Impulsion politique COUR DES COMPTES Consultation Contrôle des Finances communautaires CONSEIL DES MINISTRES [27 pays] Contrôle Vote COMITE ECONOMIQUE ET SOCIAL COMITE DES REGIONS

48. Bruxelles : multiplicité des acteurs Commission Parlement Conseil des Ministres Services financiers FBE, EACB, ESBG, GEBC, EUROFINAS, EFAMA, CEA, …) Think tanks (Eurofi, Bruegel, CEPS, EPC, …) Consultants en Affaires UE & cabinets d’avocat Medias & journaux Syndicats d’industrie locaux (MEDEF, FBF, AFG, …) Secteur privé (Crédit Agricole S.A., Daimler Chrysler , …) Les régions & Collectivités locales ONG Organisations Internationales (NUs, Banque Mondiale, …) Chambres de commerce et d’industrie Groupes de Consommateurs (BEUC) Représentations des Etats membres Syndicats de branche d’activité (Business Europe, EBIC, ACEA, CEFIC, …) Syndicats de Travailleurs (ETUC, …)

49. You must know what happens Veille règlementaire européenne Syndicats d’industrie (FBE, FBF, EACB, GEBC, Eurofinas, …) Think tank Consultants spécialisés Affaires UE Medias & journaux Institutions Européennes Correspondant à Bruxelles Direction juridique Affaires Européennes Direction stratégiques Direction Economique Lignes de métier

50. 4. Who are the lobbies?

64. Council Adoption Commission (amendments) Parliament (2nd reading) Council = Common Position COREPER Council Working Group Commission proposal 24/30 months Commission involvement throughout Conciliation EP/ Council Commission (revision) Parliament (1st reading) Council Working Group The Lobbying pyramid

69. The Burson-Marsteller Campaign Model

70. 6. What do the lobbied think?

71. The results of the Burson-Marsteller 2009 Lobbying Survey

79. Effectiveness of lobbying: Industry vs. NGO

80. Poor practices frequently commited by Industry & NGOs

104. Code of conduct Interest representatives are expected to apply the principles of openness, transparency, honesty and integrity, as legitimately expected of them by citizens and other stakeholders.Similarly, Members of the Commission and staff are bound by strict rules ensuring their impartiality. The relevant provisions are public and contained in the Treaty establishing the European Community, the Staff Regulations, the Code of Conduct for Commissioners and the Code of good administrative behaviour.

106. BUT… There are still some issues

128. The information is maybe there

134. So lobbying will continue to exist…

135. And do not imagine it does not exist

136. Jacques Folon + 32 475 98 21 15 j [email_address] [email_address]

137. QUESTIONS ?