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FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS

Improving water availability management for
agriculture, West Bank and Gaza Strip (WBGS)
Case Study
Tammoun Watershed
Azzam Saleh Ayasa
FAO WBGS
Land and Water Days
Amman 14-18 December 2013
FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS

Context

Jordan Valley
FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS

Problems
Problems
••Management(Use it or loose it, time allocation)
Management (Use it or loose it, time allocation)
••Usermanagement (small scale farmers)
User management (small scale farmers)
••Quality service
Quality service
••Lowproductivity (less than 0.3 ton/dunum),
Low productivity (less than 0.3 ton/dunum),
••Highcost (USD 4/CM, energy),
High cost (USD 4/CM, energy),
••Limitedcrop options,
Limited crop options,
••Limitedaccess of poor to water , ,land and jobs
Limited access of poor to water land and jobs
••Skillsand knowledge
Skills and knowledge

Tammoun Area, north east WB

Consequences
Consequences
••Missedopportunity
Missed opportunity
••Landabandoned
Land abandoned
••Lowerresilience
Lower resilience
••Higherfood insec
Higher food insec
FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS

Reservoirs

400 donums
120 poor families
FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS
FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS

Reservoirs
Reservoirs
1500 CM
1500 CM
2 KM pipelines
2 KM pipelines
400 donums irrigated
400 donums irrigated
120 Farmers
120 Farmers
Al-Far’a
camp
ain
M

m
fro
e
pip

ll t
e
ew
th

e
th
o

(6
te
si

)
es
h
inc

Field 1:
57 farmers
Project
pipes:
4 inches

The well of
160 cubic meter
per hour

The reservoirs location at
363 cubic meters per
each unit (4 units= 1452
Cubic meters capacity)
Field 2:
56 farmers

Tamoun
village
FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS
FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS

Adapted management model:
•Water Users Association (WUA) responsible for water
management distribution and, direct supervision of the
Municipality
•Overall supervision of the MoA (to which the reservoirs
were handed over).
•Water flow meters per farm.

Payment model:
The WUA collects the cost per cubic meter, then pay to the
water source (wells owners).
FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS

BEFORE (2007)
4 USD/CM
0.3 ton/donum
FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS

AFTER
< 1 USD/CM
6 tons/donum
FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS

Considerations and lessons learnt

•Involvement and participation: community,
government, local authorities, NGOs..etc
•Inclusive
approach:
social,
economical,
production and environment (not just a reservoir)
•Integrated approach: technical, economical,
demand/supply management , services, quality
•Accountability and transparency: vis a vis
beneficiaries and actors (MoA, NGOs, local
authorities..etc)
•Adaptability
and
flexibility:
for
future
opportunities/constraints at all levels
FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS

Thank You
FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS

Considerations and lessons learnt (Technical)
•Volume of reservoir to fit with available water (pumping rate per
hour and pumping intervals), water distribution scheme and
irrigation area, discharge and refilling rates (sustainable and
continuous).
•Site of the reservoir to guarantee pressure of at least 2 atm. (at
least 20 meters higher than the nearest plot to be irrigated).
•The flow must be calculated and the curves, valves, etc. to be
taken in to consideration as well as the fraction lose from/ to the
feeding/irrigation pipes.
•The welling of farmers to participate and payback the cost of
used water.
•Good management plan and water distribution scheme.
•At least two water sources (example: 2 wells to feed the
reservoirs)
•In case of many reservoir units to be linked together, each
reservoir unit to be assembled also as an independent unit

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Case Study - Improving water availability management for agriculture, West Bank and Gaza Strip (WBGS)

  • 1. FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS Improving water availability management for agriculture, West Bank and Gaza Strip (WBGS) Case Study Tammoun Watershed Azzam Saleh Ayasa FAO WBGS Land and Water Days Amman 14-18 December 2013
  • 2. FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS Context Jordan Valley
  • 3. FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS Problems Problems ••Management(Use it or loose it, time allocation) Management (Use it or loose it, time allocation) ••Usermanagement (small scale farmers) User management (small scale farmers) ••Quality service Quality service ••Lowproductivity (less than 0.3 ton/dunum), Low productivity (less than 0.3 ton/dunum), ••Highcost (USD 4/CM, energy), High cost (USD 4/CM, energy), ••Limitedcrop options, Limited crop options, ••Limitedaccess of poor to water , ,land and jobs Limited access of poor to water land and jobs ••Skillsand knowledge Skills and knowledge Tammoun Area, north east WB Consequences Consequences ••Missedopportunity Missed opportunity ••Landabandoned Land abandoned ••Lowerresilience Lower resilience ••Higherfood insec Higher food insec
  • 4. FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS Reservoirs 400 donums 120 poor families
  • 5. FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS
  • 6. FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS Reservoirs Reservoirs 1500 CM 1500 CM 2 KM pipelines 2 KM pipelines 400 donums irrigated 400 donums irrigated 120 Farmers 120 Farmers Al-Far’a camp ain M m fro e pip ll t e ew th e th o (6 te si ) es h inc Field 1: 57 farmers Project pipes: 4 inches The well of 160 cubic meter per hour The reservoirs location at 363 cubic meters per each unit (4 units= 1452 Cubic meters capacity) Field 2: 56 farmers Tamoun village
  • 7. FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS
  • 8. FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS Adapted management model: •Water Users Association (WUA) responsible for water management distribution and, direct supervision of the Municipality •Overall supervision of the MoA (to which the reservoirs were handed over). •Water flow meters per farm. Payment model: The WUA collects the cost per cubic meter, then pay to the water source (wells owners).
  • 9. FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS BEFORE (2007) 4 USD/CM 0.3 ton/donum
  • 10. FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS AFTER < 1 USD/CM 6 tons/donum
  • 11. FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS Considerations and lessons learnt •Involvement and participation: community, government, local authorities, NGOs..etc •Inclusive approach: social, economical, production and environment (not just a reservoir) •Integrated approach: technical, economical, demand/supply management , services, quality •Accountability and transparency: vis a vis beneficiaries and actors (MoA, NGOs, local authorities..etc) •Adaptability and flexibility: for future opportunities/constraints at all levels
  • 12. FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS Thank You
  • 13. FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Office – WBGS Considerations and lessons learnt (Technical) •Volume of reservoir to fit with available water (pumping rate per hour and pumping intervals), water distribution scheme and irrigation area, discharge and refilling rates (sustainable and continuous). •Site of the reservoir to guarantee pressure of at least 2 atm. (at least 20 meters higher than the nearest plot to be irrigated). •The flow must be calculated and the curves, valves, etc. to be taken in to consideration as well as the fraction lose from/ to the feeding/irrigation pipes. •The welling of farmers to participate and payback the cost of used water. •Good management plan and water distribution scheme. •At least two water sources (example: 2 wells to feed the reservoirs) •In case of many reservoir units to be linked together, each reservoir unit to be assembled also as an independent unit

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. Problems: low productivity per unit area (less than 0.3 tons per dunum), high cost of irrigation water per cubic meter (USD 4/cubic meter), Monocrop cultivation type, land and water resources were inaccessible to poor farming households.
  2. Problems low productivity per unit area (less than 0.3 tons per dunum), high cost of irrigation water per cubic meter (USD 4/cubic meter), Monocrop cultivation type, land and water resources were inaccessible to poor farming households.
  3. Problem solved: converting rained plains of 400 dunums to irrigated open and protected vegetables cultivation. Reduced cost of irrigation water per cubic meter (less than USD 1) Increased productivity up to 6 tons per dunum. Crop rotation and diversification were enabled for maximum profit margin. Land and water being cultivated and accessible for poor household families.
  4. For the reservoirs in Tamoun: works inluded: 2 KM of main steel pipes, fittings, accessories, elbows, filters, flanges, and other irrigation devices including 4 units reservoirs having total capacity of 1470 cubic meter with total costs = USD 87000 for 400 dunums, out of which USD 43000 were allocated for the 2 km piping. In summary, 120 beneficiaries benefited at USD 725 / farming family. Problem solved: converting rained plains of 400 dunums to irrigated open and protected vegetables cultivation. Reduced cost of irrigation water per cubic meter (less than USD 1) Increased productivity up to 6 tons per dunum. Crop rotation and diversification were enabled for maximum profit margin. Land and water being cultivated and accessible for poor household families.