Science Unit 1- Sand, Pebbles and Silt

1. Vocabulary
Investigation 1
basalt
scoria
tuff
dull
Earthmaterial
geologist
granite
mineral
property
texture
rocks
river rocks
size
shape
sand
weathering
hand lens
Investigation 3
asphalt
brick
course
concrete
fine
harden
matrix
medium
natural resources
sandpaper
sculpture
sidewalk
Investigation 2
layer
sink
settle
screens
separate
mixture
particles
pebble
gravel
sand
silt
boulder
cobble
clay
Investigation 4
decay
fresh water
gas
humus
lake
liquid
ocean
pond
retain
river
saltwater
soil
solid
stream

2. basalt 玄武岩 xuán wǔ yán
grey hard rock; once
the liquid lava that
came out of a volcano
scoria 火山渣huǒ shān zhā
reddish,bubbly rock
made from the ash from
the fires of a volcano
tuff 凝灰岩 níng huī yán
the light, soft rock made
from the ash of a
volcano
Investigation 1 Words

3. dull 暗的 àn de
a rock property- not
shiny, without
brightness or sheen
Earth Material 土石材料 tǔ shí cái liào
minerals, rocks, soil, and
water- natural materials
that can be found on the
Earth
geologist 地質學家 dì zhì xué jiā
a scientist who
studies rocks
Investigation 1 Words

4. granite 花崗石 huā gǎng shí
a very hard rock that
is used in buildings and
monuments
Mineral 礦物 kuàng wù
a substance that is
naturally formed under
the ground
Property 特性 tè xìng
words used to describe
rocks [rough, smooth,
dull, shiny]
Investigation 1 Words

5. texture 質地 zhì dì
how smooth or rough a
rock feels to the touch
rocks 石頭 shí tou
a naturally occurring
group of minerals, an
Earth material
riverrocks 河流岩石 hé liú yán shí
rocks found in rivers,
usuallysmoothfromthe
constant water rushing
over them
Investigation 1 Words

6. sand 沙 shā
what is made when
rocks are rubbed
together
shape 形狀 xíng zhuàng
circle, square, heart,
triangle, hexagon, etc.
rocks can be many shapes
size 大小 dà xiǎo
how big or small
something is
Investigation 1 Words

7. weathering 風化 fēng huà
whenrocksbreakinto
smaller pieces because
of rain, water, wind,
(natural weather)
hand lens 放大鏡 fàng dà jìng
a small magnified glass
used to see small
objects up close
Investigation 1 Words

8. layer 分層 fēn céng
when rocks are formed,
earth material can begin
to layer causing stripes
sink 沉 chén
when something falls to
the bottom because of it’s
size or weight
settle 沈澱 chén diàn
gradually moving to it’s
resting place- usually
sinking to the bottom
Investigation 2 Words

9. separate 分開 fēn kāi
when soil settles into separate
layers, or separating rocks by
their properties
mixture 混合物 hùn hé wù
a material made up of 2 or
more Earth materials
blended together
particle 沙粒 shā lì
one individual piece of
sand
Investigation 2 Words

10. silt 淤泥 yū ní
silt is smaller than
sand, but larger than
clay
gravel 碎石 suì shí
a large amount of rock
pieces, used on roads and
driveways
pebble 鵝卵石 é luǎn shí
a small stone made
smooth by wind or
water
Investigation 2 Words

11. boulder 大圓石 dà yuán shí
a large rock, typically
broken off a mountain
or cliff
cobble 圓石 yuán shí
a rock larger then a
pebble, but smaller than a
boulder, used to make
roads called cobblestone
clay 黏土 niān tǔ
a fine grained soil, mixed with
water clay can be used to
make pots, jars, and bowls
Investigation 2 Words

12. screen 篩子 shāi zi
a metal guard, used to
separate different
sized objects (rocks)
Investigation 2 Words

13. asphalt 瀝青 lì qīng
a mixture of sand and
gravel used to surface
roads
brick 磚 zhuān
a block of clay, sand, lime,
and soil mixed together
and dried- used for
construction
coarse 粗糙 cū cāo
feels rough, something
made up of large
particles
Investigation 3 Words

14. fine 細滑的 xì huá de
feels smooth,
something made up of
very small particles
sidewalk 行人道xíng rén dào
a path along side of a
road, usually made of
concrete
concrete 混凝土 hùn níng tǔ
a mixture of water,
sand, and clay- used to
build and construct
Investigation 3 Words

15. matrix 基質 jī zhì
a substance made with
cornstarch and cold water-
used in sand sculptures
sculpture 雕塑 diāo sù
usingmatrixandsand
to form an object
Mortar 砂漿 shā jiāng
a mixed paste used to
bind bricks together
[made up of water, clay,
and fine sand]
Investigation 3 Words

16. natural resources 自然資源 zì rán zī yuán
resources that are
naturally in an environment;
water, rocks, minerals,
sandpaper 砂紙 shā zhǐ
a heavy paper with sand
attached to one side; used
to smooth out wood
Investigation 3 Words

17. decay 腐爛的 fǔ làn
rotted or decomposed
freshwater 淡水 dàn shuǐ
a natural resource, water
without bacteria, salt, etc.
gas 氣體 qì tǐ
one of the states of
matter
Investigation 4 Words

18. humus 腐殖質 fǔ zhí zhì
organic materials
broken down and
combined with soil
lake 湖hú
a body of fresh water, can
vary in size, has shoreline
all around the lake
liquid 液體 yè tǐ
one of the states of
matter, can pour;
water,milk,soda
Investigation 4 Words

19. ocean 洋 yáng
a large body of salt
water that covers 70%
of the Earth’s surface
pond 池塘 chí táng
a body of standing water,
usuallyshallow;canbe
man-made or natural
stream 小溪 xiǎo xī
a body of water with a
current, that is narrow and
surrounded by banks (land)
Investigation 4 Words

20. river 河 hé
larger than a stream, body
of water with a current;
usually runs into an ocean
or lake
saltwater 鹽水 yán shuǐ
water with salt in it, all
oceans are filled with salt
water
soil 土壤tǔ rǎng
a mixture of organic
matter, gasses, liquids,
and organisms that can
support plant life
gù
Investigation 4 Words

21. solid 固體 gù tǐ
a state of matter, does
not take the shape of a
container, solid, firm
Investigation 4 Words