Literature for today's child includes vast array of stories written in language that he can understand. Wedged in between may be found the great classics of yesteryear and in addiction, there are excellent, beautifully illustrated books on nature, fascinating fiction, and highly educational, biographical profiles.

1. Its Elements (Plot, Conflict, Turning Point, Climax,
Setting, Character, Theme)

2. Literature for today’s child includes vast array
of stories written in language that he can
understand. Wedged in between may be found
the great classics of yesteryear and in addition,
there are excellent, beautifully illustrated books
on nature, fascinating fiction, and highly
educational, biographical profiles.

3. Children’s literature is by no means an
inferior category of literature. It is a
legitimate branch of literature like any
other work of art. Children’s literature is
marked by a consciously planned
composition with a subject and theme
through which unity and style may be
evident.

4. 1. Traditional Folktales
2 Realistic Stories
3. Biographical Stories

5. Realism is not a definite form of
fiction, rather it is an objective, an
endeavor to represent life honestly.
Literature is is said to be a mirror
life with all its beauty and
Realistic stories seek to represent
as it is.

6.  Heidi
 Little Women
 Charles Dickens’ Oliver
Twist
 Tolstoi’s The Death of Ivan
Ilyich
Illustrate the tragedy of the poor and unfortunate

7. In the United States, Mark Twain
accurately depicted river town life through
the adventures of Huck Finn.
(Huckleberry Finn)
Bret Harte acquainted readers with mining
camp life in The Outcasts of Poker Flat.
Jack London pitted man and beast against
nature in The Call of the Wild.
John Steinbeck captured the poverty and
humiliation of economic depression in
The Grapes of Wrath.

8. Other pieces mentioned:
(p194.)
Alberta Armer’s Trouble
Maker
Mimi Brodsky’s The House at
12 Rose Street
Eleanor Estes’ The Hundred
Dresses

9. So who wrote and published the first true modern short story?
It has be argued that the honor goes to Walter Scott’s story “
The two Drovers” published in Chronicles of the Cannongate in
1827.
The modern short – story emerged in the mid 19th century
1880. In many ways the modern short – story are to be found in
America……

10. One might posit the publication of Nathaniel
Hawthorne’s --- “Twice Told Tales” in 1837 as the
starting point.
When Edgar Allan Poe read Hawthorne, he made the
first real analysis of the difference bet. the short story
and the novel, defying a shot – story guide simply as a
narrative that “can be read at one setting

11. WHAT IS FICTION?
 fic·tion
 ˈfikSH(ə)n/
 Noun
 Literature/ in the form of prose, especially short
stories and novels, that describes imaginary
events and people.

12. SETTING
CHARACTER
PLOT AND STRUCTURE
POINT OF VIEW
STYLE, TONE, AND MOOD

13. SETTING
Where and when a story takes
place. Occasionally, the setting
is merely a vague backdrop,
modern stories most often
occur in specific times and
places.

14. CHARACTER
In a work of fiction, a character is
depicted through both narrative and
dialogue. Characters can be flat,
minor characters or round and major,
developed with depth. The persona is
revealed by how a character responds
to conflict, by dialogue, and through
descriptions.

15. PLOT AND STRUCTURE
PLOT – What happens to the
character or characters in a story –
a series of casually related events
that leads to some sort of change,
however subtle, in a character’s
situation, knowledge, or
understanding.

16. PLOT
A plot begins with…
1. Exposition (the introduction of setting, situation
and main characters).
2. Complication (the event that introduces the
conflict);
3. Rising action, crisis (the decisive moment for the
protagonist and his commitment to a course of

17. PLOT
4. Climax (the part of highest interest in terms of the
conflict and the point with the most action.)
5. Resolution or denouement (the point when the
conflict is resolved; and moral.

18. The structure or form of work points to its central
concern and so provides a valuable key to its meaning.
Because of their length, shorts stories may or may not
follow the patterns. Some do not follow patterns at all. For
example, modern short stories only occasionally have an
exposition. As with longer stories, plot of short stories also
have climax, crisis, or turning point.

20. Stories are written by authors, but
told by narrators. The narrator is
not the writer, but a persona
the Latin word for “mask”) a
character with distinct voice
created by the writer to tell the
story.

21. The point of view of a story
depends on who is telling it
and where that teller is
situated. Point of view colors
our perception of a story’s
character and incidence.

22. The special language of a particular
work of Literature.
 The distinctive way in which a writer
expresses himself or herself.

23. An author’s style depends on syntax
rhythm and imagery, as well as
experiments with literary form. All these
elements help to create the individual
voices we hear in a work of
prose/poetry.

24. DICTION
Is the word choice, the vocabulary that characterizes a
SYNTAX
The grammar and sentence structure.
IMAGERY
Images conveys feelings, ideas, or sensory impressions with
concrete pictures.