MongoDB is Fast, Free & Open Source, Cross-Platform, Document Oriented Database providing High Performance, High Availability & Automatic Scaling.

1. MongoDB
Er. Shiva K. Shrestha
ME Computer, NCIT
Distributed Operating System
1

2. Introduction
 MongoDB = “Humongous DB”
Open-source & Cross-platform
Document-based
“High Performance, High Availability”
Automatic Scaling
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3. Database Evolution
Flat Files RDBMS NoSQL MongoDB
1970s: data stored in flat
file system
1979: a standard
way of query the
data - what do we
want to query,
how to process
that query but
1998:
1. Key-value Store
2. Tabular
3. Document oriented
(MongoDB, CouchDB,
etc.)
2009: Free & Open
Source, Cross-
Platform, Document
Oriented
Problem:
no standard
implementation
Problem: with the
big n huge amount
data
Problem: Less support
for Complex Queries
Solution: Relational
Database
Solution: NoSQL Solution: Use Third-
Party GUIs
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4. Features
 Expressive Query Language & Secondary Indexes
 Strong Consistency
 Flexibility
 Scalability & Performance
4

5. General
Purpose
MongoDB is:
Easy to Use
Fast &
Scalable
Sophisticated query
language
Full featured indexesRich data model
Simple to setup and
manage
Native language drivers
in all popular languages
Easy mapping to
object oriented code
Dynamically add /
remove capacity with no
downtime
Auto-sharding built in
Operates at in-memory
speed wherever
possible

6. Comparisons
RDBMS MongoDB
Relational database Document-oriented database, non
relational
Schema based database, follow joins Schema-less database, references and
$lookup
Data stored in tables (tables contain
collection of rows)
Data stored in form of collection (collection
contain group of object document)
No horizontal scaling
Eg. 1st row has 5 column then 2nd row
must have 5 column for the given table
Horizontal scaling
Eg. 1st row has 5 column then 2nd row can
have any no of column for the given table
SQL queries are used JSON, BSON format
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7. Data Format
JSON XML
{"employees“ :[
{"firstName":“Anju",
"lastName":“Shah"},
{"firstName":“Sumit Kumar",
"lastName":“Shah"},
{"firstName":“Shiva K.",
"lastName":“Shrestha"}
]}
<employees>
<employee>
<firstName>Anju</firstName>
<lastName>Shah</lastName>
</employee>
<employee>
<firstName>Sumit Kumar</firstName>
<lastName>Shah</lastName>
</employee>
<employee> <firstName>Shiva
K.</firstName>
<lastName>Shrestha</lastName>
</employee>
</employees>
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8. Advantages
 Schema less
 Structure of single object is clear
 No complex joins
 Document-based Query language
 Conversion/Mapping is not needed
 Use internal memory, hence faster
8

9. Why and Where to use
 Object oriented storage style (JSON)
 Index on any attributes
 Replication and Availability
 Auto-sharding
 Big data
 Content management system
 Mobile and social infrastructure
 Data Hub
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10. Terminology Translation 10
SQL Terms/Concepts MongoDB Terms/Concepts
Database Database
Table Collection
Row Document or BSON document
Column Field
Index Index
Table joins Embedded documents & linking
Unique column or column combination as
primary key.
Primary key is automatically set to the
_id field.
Aggregation (e.g. group by) Aggregation pipeline

11. CRUD Operations
Insertion:
Update:
Delete:
11
SQL MongoDB Command
INSERT INTO t (fn, ln) VALUES (‘Saroj',
‘Shakya') db.t.insert({fn:‘Saroj', ln: ‘Shakya'})
SQL MongoDB Command
UPDATE t SET ln='Nepal' WHERE
ln='Shakya' db.t.update({ln:‘Shakya'},{$set:{ln:‘Nepal'}})
SQL MongoDB Command
DELETE FROM t WHERE fn=‘Saroj' db.t.remove({fn:‘Saroj'})

12. Retrieving Data 12
SQL Statement MongoDB Commands
SELECT *
FROM table
db.collection.find()
SELECT *
FROM table
WHERE artist = ‘Rekha’
db.collection.find({Artist:”Rekha”})
SELECT*
FROM table
ORDER BY Title
db.collection.find().sort(Title:1)
DISTINCT .distinct()
GROUP BY .group()
>=, < $gte, $lt

13. Replication 13

14. Knee Curve 14

15. Drivers & Frameworks
Morphia
MEAN Stack
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16. Conclusions
 MongoDB is fast
 Very little CPU overhead
 Implemented in C++ for best performance
 Free & Open Source, Cross-Platform, Document Oriented
 Easier and faster integration of data
 Very rapid development
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17. Thank You!
 Q/A Session: 17