The document summarizes GEI Global Energy Corp.'s fuel cell electric power generation technology. It describes how fuel cells produce electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, producing only heat and water as byproducts. It outlines GEI's history of developing fuel cell technologies that can run on hydrogen extracted from various fuels like natural gas, diesel, biofuels and hydrogen. It provides examples of GEI providing fuel cell systems for applications like powering military vehicles, battery charging, biofuel power generation and more. It concludes by describing the advantages of GEI's current X5 fuel cell technology, such as its ability to leverage natural gas infrastructure and provide efficient combined heat and power.
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CLEAN, SECURE, SCALABLE, SUSTAINABLE
A fuel cell is a device that produces electricity
using a “chemical reaction” between PURE
hydrogen and oxygen without any moving parts
with heat and water as by-products. Unlike the
traditional “combustion” process that occurs
within say an automobile, a chemical reaction is
more efficientwithsmallerlosses,andwithfewer
harmful by-products that contribute to global
warming concerns. Hence, fuel cells are efficient
in generating electricity at a greater efficiency of
over 50% compared to other non-renewable
sourcesof electricitygenerationsuch asa back-up
internal combustionenginegenerator which have
an energy conversion efficiency of approximately
18% to 28%. Additionally, fuel cells produce
electrical power without the harmful emission by-products produced by the combustion of carbon
based fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel. In the purest form, hydrogen based fuel cell s produce
electrical power with by-products of only heat and water.
Since certainfuel cellsprovide both highgrade heatandpower,afuel cell can harnessup to 90%+ of the
energyina fuel,whilethe electricitygrid isonlyabout 33% efficient. Our fuel cells achieve 40-50% fuel
to electricity efficiency when using hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas or pure hydrogen. Fuel cells
operatingonnatural gas provide a high degree of dependability and security, and the by-product heat
can be usedasan energysource foradditional electricity via a Rankin power generator, or can be used
as an energy source for both heating and air conditioning, i.e. tri-generation (power, heat, cooling).
Additionally, fuel cells are more dependable than traditional power delivery systems.
In principle, a fuel cell is an electrochemical device that operates like a battery. However, unlike a
battery,a fuel cell requiresre-fuelingandnot recharging. Fuel cells will continue to produce electricity
and heat as long as there is a constant fuel source. Hydrogen fuel cells work simply, have no moving
parts,and operate silently,withwaterandexcessheatastheironlyby-products.Fuel cells thus provide
the ideal solution for a myriad of portable, on-board and stationary electric power generation
applications,includingindustries that include hotels and hospitality, public utility and bio wastewater
treatment, oil exploration andmethane flaring,alternative energy and solar balancing, and, natural gas
and electric vehicle battery charging stations.
Fuel cells have several advantages over current energy-producing technologies. They are efficient,
environmentallybenign,fuel flexible,modular,andscalable,require low andeasymaintenance,and are
adaptable to specialized applications. Fuel cells can also be “stacked” to produce voltage levels that
match specific power needs for a wide variety of uses. Fuel cells provide the cleanest and one of
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the most efficientpowergenerationtechnologiestoday.Theyalsoprovide majorenvironmental,energy
and economic benefits that advance critical national and international environmental goals.
For more detailedfuelcell information,seeAppendix A.
GEI Global Energy Corp. was originally formed as a Kettering University spin-out private Michigan
company, Global Energy Innovations Inc., March 13, 2007. Global Energy Innovations (GEI) was formed
to commercialize patentedtechnologyforfuel cellelectricpower production and for power electronics
and controls. The GEI mission was to develop and commercialize innovative fuel cell electric power
systemstechnologiesthat provide world markets with clean and secure energy that is sustainable and
environmentally benign.
SEED FUNDING AND HISTORICAL FIELD PROTOTYPES
Diesel Truck APU
GEI received angel funding from the State of Michigan and
leveragingindustrialcontractsalongwith,private andpersonal
investments, developed a new and novel fuel cell technology
that didnot require pure hydrogenasa fuel cell like most fuel
cell technologies. The GEI X1 high temperature PEMfuel cell
and powergenerationsystemstechnologywasdeveloped and
delivered to a U.S. diesel truck auxiliary equipment OEMfor
laboratorytestingwithdiesel fuel for possible on-board APU1
applications for class 7/8 long distance freight trucks.
The GEI X1 was integratedwithathirdpartyoff-the-shelve device (fuel reformer) to extract less-than-
pure hydrogen (40-60%) from lowsulfurdiesel fuelfora6-weekin-labOEMtrial program. Although the
GEI X1 fuel cell technology performed as expected and produced electrical power with non-pure
hydrogenextractedfromdiesel fuel,the thirdparty fuel reforming technology was deemed unreliable
due to two internal failures and repairs.
Fuel Reforming Technology
Subsequently,GEIcontinuedtheirfuel cell electricpowersystemsdevelopmenteffortscombinedwith a
new quest to develop the GEI fuel reforming technology as to ensure the design quality of a core
componentnecessaryforlongtermsuccesswithin global market for multi-fuel applications. Our focus
was on the development of a tightly integrated Hydrogen extraction system combined with our
innovative fuel cell electric power generation system with each sub-system supplying the energy and
resource requirements of each other.
This symbiotic and inter-dependent “end-to-end” relationship between sub systems is similar to the
designphilosophy adopted by Apple and Steve Jobs resulting in the development of the Apple I-MAC,
the I-Phone,the I-PAD,andthe restishistory. Nootherfuel cell companyinthe worldhasdeveloped an
integratedhydrogenreformingtechnologythatleverages the thermal resources of a high temperature
1 APU: Auxiliary Power Unit
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PEM fuel cell electric power system operating at 160C leading to a significantly increased system
efficiency due to a reduced inlet natural gas fuel consumption.
Thiseffort was vital as GEI was not focused on developing niche products for a niche markets, but was
focusedonmarketsthat couldleverage the mostabundantexistingfuel infrastructurearoundthe globe,
i.e. natural gas and methane. The design focus also addressed a critical concern with both developed
and developingcountries,that is an aging electrical grid struggling to keep up with annual increases in
loaddemands, andcombinedwith everincreasing power outages due to weather related outages, i.e.
Hurricane Sandy. Additionally, for countries with a centralized power plant and without an electrical
grid,newlydiscoverednatural gasresourcesrepresentsahuge opportunityforcitizens to have not only
staple electricity,butformany, theycan now have combinedheat and electric power for the first time,
ever.
Military Battlefield Applications
GEI proceeded with the on-going development of an
integrated fuel reforming and fuel cell electric power
generationsystemwithdiscussion with a major military
power systems supplier. The application included the
use of high sulfur content JP-8 jet fuel for an on-board
fuel cell APU for tracked wheeled combat vehicles, i.e.
Tanks, as shown to the right. GEI was engaged to
determine a possible “form and fit” analysis due the
adaptability and flexibility of the GEI fuel cell power
systems technology design.
Working with a major OEM military supplier GEI was able to develop an integrated power solution
package within the required space claim. The model as shown to the right provided a space claim
solutionforthe GEI powersystemsAPUtechnology for the Abrahams tank and using high-sulfur diesel
fuel as hydrogen feed source for hydrogen extraction.
The military has a particularly high level of
interestinreducingfuel consumptionconsidering
that WWW I soldiersrequiredabout2 gallonsper
solider per day, and Dessert Storm soldiers
requires 80 gallons per soldiers per day. Fuel
requirements are expected to increase even
more with energy based weapons.
GEI was further contracted to develop and to
evaluate advanced high-sulfur diesel fuel
reforming technology for hydrogen extraction.
Thisdevelopmenteffortfurtherhelpedtosolidify
and to advance the GEI expertise for multi-fuel
hydrogen extraction technology.
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Air Force Military Tow Tractor
GEI was contracted to retrofit an electric military
vehicle to include an on-board fuel cell electric
battery charging system. The Air Force hybrid
vehicle contained high power density batteries
and the GEI fuel cell electric power generator for
on-boardbattery chargingwithhydrogenas a fuel
source. An example of a tow tractor vehicle is
shown to the right.
The Air Force tow tractor was used to place
military fighter jets around the air field and the
GEI fuel cell electric power systems technology
was evaluated for on-board battery charging to
reduce air and noise pollution during operations.
In-field test results were used to further advance
both the GEI high current power electronics
technologyand the GEI fuel cell systemsintegrationexperience. The project also highlighted the ability
to re-configure the GEI power systems hardware for different space claims.
Bio Fuel Power Generation
GEI was contracted to provide its high temperature PEMfuel cell
power generation technology for a third party bio-alcohol fuel
reformingcompanylocatedinAthens,Greece. The demonstration
program was to evaluate the ability of the bio-alcohol reforming
technology to provide a sufficient hydrogen fuel quality for fuel
cell electric power production.
The program furtherhighlightedGEI’sabilityforprovidingflexible
fuel cell power systems technology for use with multi-fuels. The
Greece customer subsequently ordered a second unit.
AcademicLaboratory
KetteringUniversitycontractedGEI to provide a laboratory based
fuel cell power generation system to support undergraduate,
graduate, and pre-college educational and research programs.
Unit was designed to operate with a third party natural gas fuel
reformer and also operates on hydrogen.
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On August 15, 2013 Global Energy Innovations, Inc., the Michigan private company merged with SUJA
Minerals,Inc.,a publiccompanylistedonthe OTCQB.SUJA Minerals,Inc. was originally incorporated as
a State of Nevada public company on April 28, 2010 to conduct exploration activities on the Crawford
Creek Property located in British Columbia, Canada. Post-merger, the combined entity, now public,
changed its name from SUJA Minerals, Inc. to GEI Global Energy Corp. with a trading ticker of GEIG.
GEI GLOBAL as a publicvehicle isfocused on the development of next-generation fuel cells to provide
electricpoweratcosts significantlybelow the average costof electricityfromtraditional power sources,
such as oil,natural gas,and coal-firedelectricpowerplants.The GEI proprietary High Temperature PEM
(PolymerExchange Membrane) fuelcell electrical power generation systems technology represents an
advantage in terms of performance, scalability, and efficiency.
Bio Fuel Application
GEI Global was contracted to provide a demo fuel
reforming unit to extract hydrogen from a synthetic bio
gas. The reformed hydrogen was subsequently used to
generate power for a third party fuel cell power system.
The demo project provided further opportunities to
expandthe system’s abilities for synthetic fuels and also
showed the flexibility of the technology to adapt to
varying energy applications.
The aforementioned applications highlight the GEI
GLOBAL fuel cell electric power systems development
effortsince conception,anddocument the technologymaturitylevel.The currenttechnology iterationis
the GEI X5 and represents the fifth generation of updates and enhancements based upon field
experiences.
During this period, GEI Global has developed the following patent pending innovations:
High temperature and high power density PEMfuel cell stack with a unique mineral oil based
active cooling technology,
Catalytic hydrogen extraction and fuel reforming technology for natural gas and gaseous bio
fuels,
Integratedfuel cell powersystems and battery energy storage hardware controls and software
technology, and;
Integrated combined heat and electric power system with symbiotic hydrogen extraction.
Highpowerdensitybattery storage module as an auxiliary product as competition for the Elon
Musk “Power Wall” residential battery storage for solar integration.
The following section provides an overview of the GEI GLOBAL fuel cell electric power systems
advantages.
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The GEI GLOBAL X5 Fuel Cell is an Electric Power
generation system that produces electricity with no
movingparts (exceptfora coolantpumpand fan) with
by-productsof high grade heat and water. It operates
on affordable natural gasorbio gas anddoes not need
or require pure hydrogen to produce electric power
like traditional fuel cell systems. This is a significant
distinction between fuel cell systems up to 100kW
such as those used for automotive vehicles, busses,
fork lift trucks, and consumer electronics such as computers and cell phones; all of which
require pure hydrogen.
Onlyfuel cell electricpowersystemspecificallydevelopedtoleverage the abundant availability
of affordable natural gas within the world-wide electric power market for mid-range (5kW-
100kW) commercial real estate and stationary power applications. This market is 20X in both
size and potential revenue as compared to any other specific fuel cell application market. By
2020, $206 billion will be invested annually in the global electric power industry, with
distributed power applications accounting for 42%.
The GEI Global X5 is an innovative hybrid electric power generation
system in that it is the only alternative energy technology that
integratesfuel cells,batteries,and,solarenergyand wind, to leverage
the advantages of each and thereby resulting in high overall system
efficiencies and a reduced power cost and footprint.
As compared to a diesel electric generator that always operates at 100% load constantly and
wastes fuel, the GEI X5 provides power on-demand and operates at 44% efficiency on natural
gas as comparedto 18% fora diesel electricgenerator.Additionally,harmful toxicemissions are
reduced by 80%, noise and vibrations by 90%, and life cycle maintenance cost are reduced by
60%.
Only fuel cell electric power generation system specifically developed to integrate a mid-
temperature high heat capacity mineral oil cooling fluid at 160C for super-efficient (93%)
combined heat and power (CHP) operations operating on natural gas. This is also a perfect
operatingtemperature andmediumforacogenerationthermal electricRankine power system.
Only Fuel Cell Electric Power Company providing mid-range clean power solutions for
commercial real estate in the range of 5kW-100kW using natural gas/bio-fuel or hydrogen as a
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fuel source. Commercial application examples include condominiums, schools, restaurants,
hospitals, Starbucks, McDonalds, governmental waste water and bio gas facilities, oil and gas
industries, hospitality industries, electric vehicle charging and other customer intensive
organizations focused on operating cost reductions.
Only fuel cell electricpowersystemspecificallydeveloped
to eliminate the flaring and burning of methane and
natural gas for the oil and gas
industry and thereby providing well-
head power generation. The. U.S.
Energy Information Agency states
that North Dakota, as an example,
flared 1/3 of the natural gas
produced,orapproximately96billioncubicfeetin2014. Accordingto an Earthworksreport, the
flaring was equivalent to the C02 emissions of 1.1 million cars and trucks and resulted in $854
million in loss state revenuei
, 2010-2013. Considering the expansion of natural gas hydraulic
fracturing,the availabilityof the GEIX5 modularfuel cell electricpowergenerationtechnologyis
poised to capture a $100 billion worldwide distributed well-head power generation and grid
distribution global market.
Only fuel cell power system specifically developed to integrate seamlessly with other energy
storage technologies such as batteries and ultra-capacitors, and other alternative energy
generation technologies such as solar, wind, geothermal, and tidal energy, etc.
The GEI GLOBAL X5 Fuel Cell Electric
Powergeneratorrepresentsadistributed
or scalable micro-power fuel cell
technologyandisa philosophyshiftfrom
a centralized monopoly of utilities, and
toward open, competitive markets,
which is revolutionizing a $950 billion
industryworld-wide. Inadditionto being
economical when mass-produced,
modular systems can be adjusted to
match the scale of demand, and can be installed far more quickly than a centralized power
station. Micro power can improve the grid reliability by reducing demands on transmission
systems (which are often at overcapacity and experience 30%-40% degradation and loss in
developing countries) and can avoid costly investment in new power plants. And smaller
distributedsystemscanfacilitate more local control over power use, contributing to economic
development within the community and reducing reliance on distant institutions.
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i http://midwestenergynews.com/2015/09/09/fuel-added-to-flaring-fight-in-north-dakota/