8. Groupthink: First Trend of
Governance
Small, privileged class.
Contrasted with democracy.
Isolation from external
group influences.
Illusion of invulnerability.
Encourage followers with
ideal (vs. real) belief only.
Big, underprivileged class.
Prefer ruled by majority.
Loyalty demanded – lost of
independent thinking.
9. Japanese Age of Samurai: Shoin-
Zukuri
Picture source:
kaseito.wordpress.co
m
36. House Facts: Space and Timber
Resources
‘Small houses, small gardens.’
‘Japan is the world’s largest consumer of
Amazon rainforest timber.’
37. References
– 17 Classic Features of Japanese Houses. Retrieved from: http://www.japan-
talk.com/jt/new/japanese-houses
– This History of Japanese Houses. Retrieved from: http://web-
japan.org/kidsweb/virtual/house/house02.html
– Traditional Culture. Retrieved from:
http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/indepth/cultural/experience/a.html
– The Structure of a Gassho-Style Farmhouse. Retrieved from: http://web-
japan.org/kidsweb/meet/shirakawa/shirakawa04.html
– Fast Facts: Japan. Retrieved from: http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/fast-
facts-japan
– 61 Interesting Facts about Japan. Retrieved from:
http://www.nomadicmatt.com/travel-blogs/61-interesting-facts-about-japan/
Hinweis der Redaktion
good for insulation
agricultural purposes:
- grow crops underneath, prevent from sun-rays which cause underdevelopment of crops
- store food and harvest, prevent from heat and humidity
The defensive elements of the ancient Japan are comparably lower than the other Japanese period as the supremacy elements and features are lesser, the compartments and functions are more to the natural functions and societal necessity.
They have more defensiveness reduction properties.
- Heian period, (literally means) sleeping hall.
- noble estates in the capital; located in the midst of a large garden; heart of estate is shinden.
- single-storey, raised off the ground on wooden pillars, and floored with wooden planks.
illusion of invulnerability: an inflated certainty that the right decision has been made.
- Momoyama period; developed from Heian period’s shinden-zukuri and underwent the phase known as shuden-zukuri.
- happened when political power passed from nobles to the samurai, warrior class.
- Shoin, a study alcove; derived from Zen Buddhist monastic dwellings.
- Conflict can brought civilisation foundational revolution; Conflict is a struggle; it is the result of opposing forces coming together.
- Samurais are symbols of war, sovereignty and reformation; traditionally houses are symbols of safeguard, union and reservation.
- Samurais’ modernisation produce new trend of conflict, transforming a conflict between communities, to the conflict of society – resolution and struggle of an emerging identity among complex communities.
- Meiji Period; house of common people
- style developed differently according to weather patterns.
- dwelled by craftsmen and merchants; combine styles of samurai houses.
- fire-insulated with earthen walls (protect valuable goods).
- basis style for Japanese homes today.
Methods of natural lighting – shoji is a sliding panel that is made of translucent paper in a wooden frame.
Sliding panels that act as doors and walls – rooms can be dynamically configured.
advanced joinery techniques without nails, tied with rope.
outer corridor that circles a Japanese house.
panels found above shoji or fusuma – let light into rooms.
- room’s elevated area to receive guests.
- has certain rules of manners and etiquette.
- as protection from typhoons.
- main entrance to a house that has a lower level floor (remove shoes).
- their roofline resembles two hands brought together in prayer.
- Task emphasis: task-related behaviour.
- traditional lifestyle (siting and sleeping on the floor).
- related to manners and customs such as sitting seiza (proper sitting).
- tables with short legs.
- for family dining.
- Japanese chair - thin pillows that are used to sit on tatami floors.
- low table with charcoal pit under the floor and covered by a heavy futon blanket.
- high demand in winter.
small Shinto shrines – surrounded by lucky items and offerings of food or beverages.
- folding screens decorated with art (to partition rooms for privacy).
- the control of the communication of information through a performance.
- features fabricated in the history of Japan – conservative communication: endorse privacy, communal respect (vs. affective display), spiritual delivery.
Roof made out of plant materials, metal roof, tiled roof, roof made out of wooden boards weighed down with rocks.
- turf-ridge of ornamentation.
- due to Japanese high population density where space became restricted.
- mainly for the construction of wooden traditional houses.