Residential Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Overview
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This document summarizes a presentation on residential non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM). NILM allows utilities to analyze energy usage data from whole-home smart meters to identify individual appliance usage without direct monitoring of circuits. The presentation discusses how NILM can benefit utilities and customers, and the results of a pilot study where SDG&E installed monitoring devices in 10 homes to evaluate NILM vendors' ability to accurately disaggregate appliance usage from smart meter data. The study found accuracy improved with higher frequency smart meter data and that large, regular loads were easiest to identify, but vendors did not always categorize appliances consistently or report data at the same time scales.
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Residential Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Overview
- 1. Residential Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Overview Presented by Matt Smith, SDG&E, Emerging Technologies E Source Forum 2014 September 29–October 2, 2014
- 2. How much energy does your refrigerator use?
- 3. Why does it matter? Utilities • Refine customer rebate and incentive programs • Qualify new products for residential rebates • Improve relationships with customers • Understand customer behavior to improve capacity planning • Identify/verify appliances that could participate in Demand Response Customers • Understand your bill • Plan your monthly budget • Identify/repair/replace energy “hogs” • Take advantage of rate structures (TOU/Tiers) • Be able to make a financial decision for when to use an appliance
- 4. How much energy can we really save? ACEEE analyzed results from 36 different studies between 1995-2010 and found energy savings varied based on the data given to customers
- 5. How do we get that data to residential customers? Circuit/Plug Monitoring Smart Appliances Home Area Network / Smart Meter Electricity Bill Green Button Data
- 6. Can we use smart meter data more intelligently? wattseeker.com
- 7. What companies are pursuing NILM? Belkin Enetics Smappee Detectent Bidgley Onzo Blue Line Innovations PlotWatt Energy Aware Navetas Intel EEme ? LoadIQ Verdigris ?
- 8. What did SDG&E do? • Outfitted 10 Homes • Monitored all of the circuits in the home to get true energy-usage values • Collected 10-second meter data via an approved HAN device • Solicited Disaggregation Vendors • Provided data to the vendors at different frequencies (10s, 1 minute, 15 minute, 1hr) • Assessed accuracy of their disaggregation
- 9. What did we see in our study? • Disaggregation accuracy improves with increased input frequency (HAN data better than GB) • Home survey data is useful but not required • Zigbee & Internet signals are critical • Large and regular loads (pool pumps and electric vehicles) are the easiest to disaggregate
- 11. What are the challenges we saw? • Vendors don’t all detect the same end uses Vendor 1 Vendor 2 Vendor 3 Vendor 4 Fridge X X X Microwave X X EV X X X Pool Pumps X X “Pool” Oven X Laundry “Washer/Dryer” “Cooking/ Laundry” “Tumble Dryer” “Dryer” Dishwasher X Base Load “Background Loads” “Always On” ”Other” ”Base” HVAC X “Heating/Cooling” “HVAC/Water Heating” “AC” WH “Water Heating” “Water Heater” Other “Solar (experimental)” ”Lifestyle”, “Heat” • Vendors choose to report energy usage on different time scales Vendor 1 Vendor 2 Vendor 3 Vendor 4 Minute X Hour X X Day X X X Month X X
- 12. Additional challenges • Whole-building measurement frequency needs to be high to disaggregate the smaller appliances • Higher-frequency data is more expensive • In addition to being more expensive, high- frequency measurements are also more sensitive to connectivity issues • We saw 92% connectivity with a HAN gateway connected to the meter reading the meter every 10 seconds. (i.e. 8 out of every 100 readings was missing)
- 13. What’s next for NILM? • Large-scale field testing: 100s or 1,000s of homes • Include AC run-times from smart thermostat data • Test with sub-one-second active power, apparent power, and voltage loggers • Evaluate actual energy savings after installing or repairing equipment • Test disaggregation of gas appliances
- 14. Thank you! Contact: Matt Smith, SDG&E Emerging Technologies