By Hilda Martinez Salgado, manager of climate change and air quality at the Center for Sustainable Transport in Mexico (CTS-Mexico). Presented at the "Bridging the Gap" workshop, "Climate change and development in the transport sector: what do you need to achieve GHG mitigation from land transport" on June 8, 2010 in Bonn, Germany.

1. Briding the Gap 2010 Expert Workshop
Climate Change and Development in
the Transport Sector
Transport systems and
climate change in
developing countries
Hilda Martínez Salgado
June 8, 2010

2. EMBARQ Network

3. CTS Mexico Mission
Catalyze sustainable mobility solutions in
order to improve the Quality of Life in
Mexican cities.

5. A successful low carbon urban transport system
involves…
• Low travel times and costs for
people and goods
• Equal access to urban life
opportunities (social services,
education, health, recreation)
• Adequate support to desired
form, size and density of the
city-region London, England
• Limited impact on the
environment: air/noise
pollution; CO2 emissions
• Reduced impact on public
health: injuries, fatalities,
respiratory disease, obesity

6. However, things are not as when what you have is
This implies a huge challenge, bad as we think…
the opposite…
Mexico City modal split

7. However, things are not as bad as we think…
Mexico City modal split

8. And city population in developing countries increases…
Source: United Nations Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects, The
2005 Revision

9. and also…
• Number of vehicles increases faster than population following economic
development
Source: Lee Schipper, University of California at Berkeley, 2009

10. The number of motor vehicles is growing twice as fast as the
population in India – mainly two wheelers (71%)
80
Thousands
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2004
Total M2W Cars Buses Goods
Source: O.P. Agarwal and S. Zimmerman “Towards Sustainable Mobility in Urban India”, Presented in the Annual TRB Meeting, Washington
D.C. January 2008

11. And Mexico is showing similar trend for vehicles
and SUVs (2009- 2030)
Source: Low Carbon Development for Mexico study, CTS-World Bank 2008

12. Transport GHG emissions 1990-2030
9
8
7
6
Rest of the World
5
India Transport
China Transport
4
OECD + Transport
3
2
1
0
1990 2007 2020 2030
Source: International Energy Agency, 2009

13. Transport Emissions in Developed countries
experience

14. Mexico (and developing countries) experience

15. What to do? Change in
paradigm :
Pedestrian and
Bicycles
Public
Transportation
Transit Oriented
Development
Disincentives to
Car Use
Cleaner fuels and
vehicles
Source: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/images/sidewalks/ps_rendering01.JPG

16. Promote
Sustainable
Transport
Systems

17. Transit-oriented
development aims
to create easy
connections to
where people
work, live and play
in a city.

18. The key to
solving the
problem is
getting people
out of their cars
and into mass
transit.

19. Promote cleaner
fuels and
cleaner
technology

20. It is possible for any city to transform itself into a
sustainable city…
Bogotá, Colombia, 1998

21. It is possible for any city to transform itself
into a sustainable city…
Bogotá, TransMilenio, 84 Km median
busways, 1,6 million pax/day
Initial Corridor 2000 1998
Bogotá, Colombia

22. Bogotá has applied integrated policies for
sustainable transport

23. Main mode of transport 1998-2009 (Bogotá, Colombia)
Total Public
Transport
Traditional
Public
Transport
TransMilenio
BRTS
Private (Car,
Two Wheeler)
Active Transport
(Walking, Bicycle)
Fuentes: EncuestaAnual “Bogotá ¿CómoVamos?” www.eltiempo.com;

24. Pereira, Colombia
Megabús, 27 Km Busways, 155,000 pax/day
Initial Operation in 2006

25. Cali, Colombia
27 Km busways
130,000 pax/day
Initial Operation in 2009

26. Metrobus, México City
45 Km BRT System
450,000 passengers per day
Reduce time travel in 30%

27. Macrobús, Guadalajara, México
Macrobús, Guadalajara, México

28. 16 Km, 27 Stations, 41 Articulated Buses + 103 Feeder Buses

29. Istanbul, Turkey
Launched in
September 2007,
Istanbul’s bus rapid
transit corridor
is now one of
the most heavily
traveled BRT lines
in the world.

30. Delhi, India
Delhi's new
bus corridor
meets its key
objectives,
but there is
still room for
improvement.

31. Bangalore
is poised to
become the
"cycling capital
of India."

32. However, Financial, institutional, physical resources are
constrained

33. Mexico policies toward a low
carbon sustainable transport

34. National Strategy on
Climate Change
Is a effort of the Federal
Government to reflects its
commitment in relation to climate
change and identify opportunities
in mitigation and adaptation.
It proposed specific actions,
policies and strategies as a basis
for developing a Special Program
on Climate Change.

35. Special Program
on Climate Change
(PECC)
The objectives in PECC represent
opportunities to promote:
• environmental sustainability,
• strengthening the competitiveness of
production processes and
• improve quality of life for next
generations
• 4 main components:
Long term vision
Mitigation
Adaptation
Transversal policies

36. PECC Targets
• Implementation by 2012, could mitigate 50
million ton of CO2e (baseline year 2000)
• Sectors involve:
– Generation and use of energy
– Agriculture and land use
– Waste
• Mexico voluntary commitments to reduce
GHG:
– 30% by 2020
– 50% by 2050

37. GHG reductions goals for 2012 by category

38. Transport measures in PECC to reduce GHG
emissions
• Energy efficiency
• Reduce energy consumption in freight
and passenger transport
• Vehicle scrapping and renovation
• Road Infrastructure
• Freight rail infrastructure
• Federal Mass Transit program
• Suburban transport systems
• Improve fishing fleets

39. Federal Mass Transit Program (PROTRAM)
The Federal Government under the framework of
Fondo Nacional de Infraestructura (FONADIN ) in BANOBRAS
Developed through the Ministry of Finance with World Bank assistance
the Federal Mass Transit Program (PROTRAM )
Objectives:
Support cities in Complement Local Strengthen local
Support Projects
developing Mass that are Integral to Government institutions in urban
Transit Investment Sustainable Mobility investment & transport planning,
Projects with high Plans maximize private regulation &
social justification investment management.

40. It is possible to achieve sustainable transport
• Strong integrated policies that give real priority to mass transport
• Integration of all modes in urban and inter-urban travel
• Avoid carbon intensive development by integrating land use and
mass transport
• Incorporate Transport demand management
• Use cleaner technologies and push for better energy efficiency in
cars
• Financing for low carbon transport

41. THANK YOU
hmartinez@ctsmexico.org
http://www.ctsmexico.org