By Shivanand Swamy, CEPT University. Transforming Transportation 2011. Washington, D.C. January 27, 2011.

2. Work in Progress CITY STRUCTURE & URBAN MOBILITY POLICY OPTIONS INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS Prof. H.M. ShivanandSwamy Centre of Excellence in Urban Transport, CEPT University (An Initative of Ministry of Urban development, Government of India)

3. CITY STRUCTURE & URBAN MOBILITY Urbanisation is an inevitable outcome of development process. How we structure them will determine how efficient the mobility is and how sustainable the outcomes are!

4. Urban Landuse - Transport Scenario Cities are Sprawling Network Inadequacies Declining Public Transport Low Investments Supply Side Focus Poor Enforcement Multiple Institutions Education of People Urban Transport Focus – Since 2006 (NUTP & JnNURM)

6. MobilityAir Quality Urban Sprawl 8% of Population – 20% Incremental Vehicle Ownership of the state

7. BEST BUS SYSTEM CITY -BANGALORE

8. 760 sq.km) HYDERABAD BANGALORE (853 sq. kms) AHMEDABAD (344 Sq.Km)

9. Road Network Structure – Focus on Roads & not Network Bangalore Ahmedabad A Result of Lagged / Disjointed Planning Response/ radials rings 8 Hyderabad

10. LEGEND Major Rings and Radial Roads BRTS Network Subways Flyovers Widened ROW Widened carriageway Proposed ROBs, RuBs, Flyovers Proposed Elevated BRT Corridor One way BRT loop River Bridges completed ROBs completed RuBs completed NETWORK COMPLETION

11. HYDERABAD BANGALORE AHMEDABAD

12. Road Structure Bangalore Ahmedabad At the micro-level / neighborhood 11 Hyderabad

13. HYDERABAD BANGALORE AHMEDABAD

14. MIXED LAND USE PRESENT Streets on which Commercial activities are allowed Jobs scattered Trips distributed

15. Avg Trip length (km) Area of Urban Sprawl sqkm URBAN SPRAWL LEADS TO INCREASE IN TRIP LENGTH

16. Vehicle km per capita Road Density km/sqkm DENSER NETWORKS REDUCE VEHICLE KMS

17. Vehicle km per capita % Public Transport LONGER TRIPS BRINGS MORE PEOPLE ON TRANSIT ! YES. But in less mobility intensive cities, Transit supply has not been given priority.

18. EFFECTIVE PLANNING – WHAT ARE THE BARRIERS? Land Market Distortion Landuse Planning Process Integration (LUT) Information Agencies Human Resources Activity Schedule Land Legislations 13 legislations Information Ownership Titles Taxation Registration Stamp Duty Permission Publicly Owned Land Management 17

19. Urban India-2031 Investment Requirements

21. By 2026, 535 million people (38% )

22. 5161 towns and cities7 megacities (4 million + population) - may increase to 14 28 cities with population 1-4 million 13 cities in 0.8 to 1.0 million range, will cross 1 million by next census 40 cities in 0.5 to 1 million population range and balance state capitals No of Million + cities to increase to 70 19 “The journey so far and way forward”……..

23. Note: Subject of minimum of 10 kms

24. Note: Subject of minimum of 10 kms

25. Note: Metro Subject of minimum of 10 kms

26. Urban Transport Policy Options (Scenarios) SCN 1: Sprawling Cities focused on Rail and Road Infrastructure SCN 2: Relatively Compact Cities with Complete network SCN 3: Compact, Complete network and transit focused, demand Mangers Densities Area under Roads Trip Rate Trip Length Transit Share Rapid Transit Rail Share Cities Classified 2031 population estimate Jnnurm SZ-1: Cities with Popn. >10 Million SZ-2 Cities with Population 4 -10 mil SZ-3: Cities with Popn. 1-4 Million SZ-4 Cities with Population 0.5-1ml SZ-5: Cities with Population less than 0.5 million Others: Non-JnNURM Cities BUSINESS AS USUAL VERSUS MANAGED GROWTH

28. Urban Transport Investment Requirements under three policy options SCN 1: Sprawling Cities focused on Rail and Road Infrastructure SCN 2: Relatively Compact Cities with Complete network SCN 3: Compact Cities with Complete network and transit focused (US $556) (US $ 376) (US $ 275) Better growth management can cut investment requirements by more than half

30. SZ-2: 4 to 10 million

31. SZ-3: 1 to 4 million

32. SZ-4: 0.5 to 1 million

33. SZ-5: < 0.5 million2. Non-JnNURM towns % share Larger Cities require disproportionate share of investments

34. Urban Transport Investment Requirements under three policy options SCN 1: Sprawling Cities focused on Rail and Road Infrastructure SCN 2: Relatively Compact Cities with Complete network SCN 3: Compact Cities with Complete network and transit focused Better growth management can cut investment requirements by more than half

35. INDIA - URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS 2011-31 2011 - 2031 India Urban Infrastructure Requirements Urban Transport –Billion US $ 375 Billion) Average US $ 18 Billion Average 15000 km roads/year Average 7500 new buses/year Average 100 kms of metro network/year Average 200 Kms of BRT network 28

36. PART 3 SOME GOOD PRACTICES

37. Land Management 2 Stage Process Under the Gujarat Urban Development and Town Planning Act-1976 Development Plan Provides Overall Development Framework Overall Direction of Urban Expansion Landuse Zoning City level road network City Level Infrastructure (Utilities & Amenities) Reservations of Land for other Public Purposes Development Control Regulation/rules Ahmedabad DP’s 1965,1975, 1987, 2002 ,2012

38. Land Management Process Under the Gujarat Urban Development and Town Planning Act-1976 Town Planning Scheme (TPS) A land readjustment tool to adapt land for urban use Reconstitution of land holdings Appropriation of land for public uses without acquisition Local level road network Local level social and physical infrastructure Land Bank for Urban Poor Infrastructure Cost Recovery Land appropriation compensation adjusted against land value increments due to infra. provision Land for Financing of infrastructure (15%)

39. Town Planning Scheme Under the Gujarat Urban Development and Town Planning Act-1976 Land Area for Public Purposes Appropriation of land for public uses upto 50% Road Network –upto 20% Local level social and physical infrastructure (upto 5%) Land for Economically Weaker Section Housing (upto 10%) Land Bank for Financing of infrastructure (upto 15%)

40. T.P Schemes in Ahmedabad Airport and Cantonment Around 63% of the total area of AMC is under Town Planning Schemes. Walled City Area 464 Sq .Km 308 Sq .Km

41. Density – 150 persons/ha Area - 666 sqkm Density – 125 persons/ha Area - 800 sqkm Density – 75 persons/ha Area - 1333 sqkm Density – 100 persons/ha Area - 1000 sqkm

42. URBAN TRANSPORT INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS US $ 650 Ml /yr US $ 450 Ml /yr Density – 150 persons/ha Area - 666 sqkm Density – 125 persons/ha Area - 800 sqkm US $ 1000 Ml /yr US $ 1350 Ml /yr Density – 75 persons/ha Area - 1333 sqkm Density – 100 persons/ha Area - 1000 sqkm

43. 30 25 20 15 10 5 KM 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 Urban Road Network Legend 90.m WIDE REGIONAL RING ROAD 60.m WIDE REGIONAL RADIALS 60.m WIDE RING ROADS 45.m WIDE URBAN ARTERIALS 35.m WIDE SUB-ARTERIALS BRTS KM

44. URBAN ARTERIALS Urban Arterials 45 M CROSS SECTION

45. thank you