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2. properties- characteristics that describe
a sample of matter
Two Major properties of Matter
• Mass –amount of matter that object has.
• Volume-amount of space occupied by an
object.

3. Arrangement of Molecules of the three states of Matter

4. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter
• All matter, be it in solid, liquid or gas state, are
made up of tiny particles known as atoms.
• Particles are in constant, random motion.
• Particles in motion have kinetic energy, and their
motion increases as they gain energy.
• There is a transfer of energy between particles
(atoms and molecules) as these particles collide
with each other.
• Collisions between these particles are perfectly
elastic
• Molecular motion is greatest in gases, less in
liquids, and least in solids.

6. Properties of Solid
1. Density- ratio of mass per unit
volume.
Solids have greater density
compared to liquids and
gases.

8. Density of water
1 g/cm3
Density of ice
0.9340 g/cm3

9. 2. Crystalline Solids
Crystals- individual pieces of crystalline
solids
-solids whose atoms,ions, or
molecules are arranged in an
orderly, geometric, three-
dimensional structure.

10. Seven
Classifications of
Crystals Based on
Their Shapes

11. Crystal Shape Sample
Crystal
Cubic Flourite
Tetragonal Rutile
Orthorhombic Barite
Triclinic Rhodonite
Hexagonal Corundum
Rhombohedral Calcite
Monoclinic Borax

15. 3. Metallic Solids
ex. Fe,Au,Al and Cu etc.
-consist of positive .
metal ions surrounded by a sea of mobile
electrons.
Mobile electrons
- make metals malleable and ductile.
-make metals good conductors of heat and
electricity.

16. 4. Amorphous Solids
-is one in which the particles are not
arranged in a regular, repeating
pattern.
- Forms when a molten metal cools too
quickly to allow enough time for
crytals to form.
Amorphous means “without shape” in greek.

17. Examples of amorphous solids are
glass, rubber and plastics
Obsidian side bar (glass in an
amorphous solid)

18. Properties of Solid
1.Fluidity
- ability to flow
2. Viscosity
-measure of resistance of a
liquid to flow. The particles
in this liquid are close
enough for attractive forces
to slow the movement as
they flow past one another.

19. 3. Temperature
Cold temperature
-low kinetic energy
-the molecules contracts
Hot temperature
-high kinetic energy
-the molecules expand

20. 4. Surface Tension
-is the energy required to increase the
surface area of a liquid by a given
amount.
-is the measure of the inward pull by
particles in the interior. There is a net
attractive force pulling down on
particles at the surface area.
-the stronger the attraction among the
particles, the greater the surface
tension.

22. 5. Density
-liquid have densities that vary.
-density of a liquid with a constant
volume varies according to the
mass. The greater the mass the
higher the density.

24. 6. Capillary Action
-is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow
spaces without the assistance of, or even
in opposition to, external forces like
gravity
Cohesion
-is the force of attraction between identical
molecules.
Adhesion
-is the force of attraction between different
molecules.
-when a substance stick to another
surface.

26. Properties of Gases
1. Volume
-indefinite volume.
-volume of gas is measured using a
calibrated tube called burette.
-S.I. Unit for volume of gas (m3 ) but we
often use (L), milliLiter (mL) or cm3

28. 2. Pressure
- force exerted by the movement
of molecules over the area.
- The S.I.unit for pressure is
pascal (Pa) and the instrument
used in barometer..

29. 3. Temperature
-measure of the average kinetic energy
of the particles in a matter.
-increase in temperature cause a gas to
expand, thus increasing its volume.
-decrease in temperature cause gas to
contracts thus decreasing its volume.
-Temperature and Pressure is directly
proportional.

30. Plasma
-hot ionized gas that allows both the
positive charged ion and a negatively
charged electron coexist.
-electrically charged particle strongly
influenced by electric and magnetic
fields.
-98% of the universe is in plasma state.

33. Bose-Einstein Condensate
-predicted by Albert Einstein and Satyendra Nath
Bose, and the concept was realized by
Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman.
-discovered when the scientists
refrigerated particles called bosons in a
very low temperature.
-Cold bossons merge to form a single
super particle that is more a like a
wave.

36. Assignment
1. What are the different Phase Change
and give a brief explanation.
Reference: Science Book pages 243-245