2. An aneurysm is a permanent, localized,
abnormal dilation of a blood vessel
Occurring due to congenital or acquired
weakening or destruction of the
vessel wall.
Most commonly aneurysm involve
large elastic arteries.
It causes serious ill effects like
1). Thrombosis and Thromboembolism.
2). Alteration in the flow of blood.
3). Rupture of the vessel resulting in sever
fatal haemorrhages.
4). Compression of neighbouring structures.

3. Aneurysms are classified by three ways i.e
1).Depending upon the composition of wall.
2).Depending upon the shape.
3).Depending upon pathogenic mechanisms

4. Depending upon composition of vessel wall there are 2 types of
aneurysm i.e
1). True aneurysm
when all the 3 normal layers of the blood vessel are
involved.
2). False aneurysm
When only fibrous layer of the wall is involved and
the rest of the layers are damaged due to trauma.

5. There are 5 types i.e
1).spherical having spherical outpouching.
2).Fusiform having spindle shape dilatation
.
3).Cylindrical having continuous parallel
dilatation.
3).varicose having tortuous dilation of the vessel.
4).Racemose having mass of intercommunicating small arteries and veins.

6. 1).Atherosclerotic aneurysms.
2).Syphilitic aneurysms.
3).Mycotic aneurysms.
4).Berry aneurysms.
5).Dissecting aneurysms.

7. Aneurysms can occur when the the structure and function of the connective
tissue within vascular wall is compromised, and it occurs in the following
conditions i.e.
1)Marfan syndrome.
2)Loeys_Dietz syndrome.
3)Ehler_Danlos syndrome.
4) Vitamin C deficiency
5)Increased MMP production by
macrophages in vasculitis.
6)Ischemia of the media by athersclerotic
thickness of the intima and systemic
hypertension.
7)Direct trauma to the vessel.

8. • More common in men
• Frequency increases after 50 years of age.
• Most common in abdominal aorta especially
infrarenal , and other sites include thoracic
aorta, iliac arteries,
• Clinical features include,
• 1.rupture
• 2.Obstruction
• 3.Embolism
• 4.Abdominal mass

9. Syphilitic aneurysm occurs usually in tertiary stage
of syphilis.
• More common in men after the age of 50 years.
• The predominant site of involvement is thoracic
aorta.
• Pathogenesis;
Inflammatory infiltrate around the
vasa vasorum endarteritis obliterans
destruction of smooth muscle and elastic tissue
Of media weakening of vessel wall
formation of aneurysm

10. 1. Respiratory difficulties.
2. Difficulty in swallowing
3. Persistent cough due to pressure on recurrent
laryngeal nerve.
4. Pain caused by erosion of vertebral bodies.
5. Cardiac disease
6. Rupture
Usually death occurs due to cardiac diseases…….

11. It results from weakening of arterial wall by
microbial infection.
It originates from,
1. Embolization of a septic embolus as a
complication of infective endocarditis.
2. Extention of adjacent suppurative
process.
3. Circulating organisms directly infecting
the arterial wall

12. Berry aneurysms are saccular
Or lobulated bulge arising at
the bifurcation of intracranial
arteries.
They are genetically
Determined.
They are important cause of
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
And infarction .

13. When the blood enters the dissected wall of the vessel and
spreads for varying distance longitudinally.
• It may and may not be
associated with aortic
dilatation.
• It can be fatal if dissection
ruptures through adventitia leading
to sever hemorrhage
It is common in men of 40_60 yr age
With hypertension and young patients
with Connective tissue abnormalities.

14. The major risk factor is hypertension.
Intimal tear is the 1st step.
Hypertension causes aortic medial degeneration by
pressure related ischemic injury.
Inherited or acquired connective tissue disorders also
contributory factors.
Dissection occurs b/w inner 2/3 and outer 1/3 of
media.

15. There are 2 types of classifications
1.DeBakey classification.
2. Recent classification.

16. 1.Chest pain
2.Myocardial infarction
3.Aortic insufficiency
4.Vascular obstruction
5.Cardiac tamponade
6.Death due to rupture of dissection into pericardial
,peritoneal ,and pleural cavities.
Rapid diagnosis and institution of antihypertensive therapy
coupled with surgical procedures permit 65_75% of
individuals to be saved.

18. The most common site of involvement of
atherosclerotic aneurysm is???????
A. Arch of aorta
B.) Thoracic aorta
C. Suprarenal abdominal aorta
D.infrarenal abdominal aorta

19. The most common cause of dissecting
haematoma is????????
A.Cystic medial necrosis.
B.Traumatic during cardic catherization.
C.Systemic hypertension.
D.Marfan syndrome.

20. Dissecting heamatoma causes separation of
aortic wall as under.
A. Between intima and media
B. Between inner 1/3of media and outer 2/3 of
media
C. Between inner 2/3 of media and outer 1/3
D. Between media and adventitia.