Andrology lecture 10 sexual behavior in male animals

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN MALE
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Prof. Dr. G.N Purohit
MVSC, PhD, MNVAS
Dean Post Graduate Studies and University Head Dept. Veterinary
(Gynecology & Obstetrics)
College of Veterinary & Animal Science, RAJUVAS
Bikaner, Raj., India.
Email: gnpobs@gmail.com
GOVINDNARAYANPUROHIT(GNPSir)
Dr. GN Purohit – Educational & Confidential – Content Collected from different sources. Not Permitted for Replication or Commercial Purposes

About Me : Professor G N Purohit, MVSc,Ph.D, MNVAS
Head, Department of Veterinary
Gynecology and Obstetrics, Veterinary
College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India

Todays Topic –TESTES
■ <Topic 1>Sexual behavior- Libido and Mating ability
■ <Topic 2>Mating behavior-Precopulatory, Copulatory and
Post copulatory
■ <Topic 3>Precoplatory-Searching, courtship, sexual
arousal and penile erection
■ <Topic 4>Copulatory-Mounting, intromission, ejaculation
■ <Topic 5>Post copulatory-dismounting, refractory period
■ Topic 6> Factors affecting libido

Each species has a special sexual behavior
(Species-specific) and within species there
is a difference between male and female

Sexual behavior in males has been differentiated
into two components- Libido and Mating ability
■ Libido (Sex Drive) is defined as the "willingness and eagerness" of a
bull to attempt to mount and service.
■ Mating ability refers to the ability and competence of the bull to
complete the service of a estrus cow.
■ Serving capacity is a measure of the number of services
achieved by a bull under stipulated conditions.
■ Mating (Copulatory) behavior is that behavior
exhibited immediately before, during, and after service (mating)

STAGES OF MATING BEHAVIOUR
Mating Reproductive behavior can
be divided into
■Pre copulatory behavior
■Copulatory behavior
■Post copulatory behavior

PRECOPULATORY BEHAVIOUR
■ Searching of sexual partner
■ The identification of sexual partner involves the various
senses like olfactory, optic, auditory and tactile senses.
■ The male animals will search its partner by seeking and
identifying the estrual signs of the female animals.
■ Secretions from the female reproductive tract serve as sexual
attractants and sexually stimulate and attract the male
towards a female.

Pheromones secreted by
female
Pheromones by
males- ex Boar
Boars produce 2 attractants
from prepeutial pouch and
saliva
Saliva of boars
produces 3 alpha
androstenol and 5
alpha androstenone.
Both the compounds
have musk like odour
The musky odor in bucks usually come from
both their urine and scent glands. Their scent
glands is located near their horns. Bucks
usually spray their urine on their beards, chest,
face and front legs during rut

Species Male Female
Bovine Approaching the female and testing for
lordosis ,Chin resting
Bellowing, restlessness,
increased locomotion, twitching
and elevation of tail
Equine Visual search Increased locomotion and
flagging of tail
Caprine & ovine Neck outstretched and head held
horizontally Sniffing and licking the ano-
genital region,
Nudging and exhibiting Flehmen’s reflex
Restlessness
Canine Roaming in its territory Roaming
Swine Moving with sows to identify the receptive
animal
Mild Restlessness
Feline Prowling Vocalization
•Nudging – touching or pushing gently
•Prowling – move restlessly
The searching behavior's in domestic animals

Species specific events
sniffing of the vulva by male
urination by the female
flehmen lip curl
chin resting on female rump
increased phonation
male checks for female lordosis
human - eye contact, touching,
detection of pheromones
Courtship
Dr. GN Purohit – Educational & Confidential – Content Collected from different sources. Not Permitted for Commercial Purposes

Species Male Female
Bovine Flehmen, nuzzling and licking the
perineal region
Increased grooming and
mounting of other females
Equine Flehmen and High degree of
excitement
Urinating in the presence of
stallion
Caprine & ovine Flehmen, sniffing and licking of vulva,
nudging the ewe
Urinating in the presence of
ram
Canine Sniffing and licking the vulva Immobile stance
Swine Nuzzling, grinding of teeth, foamy
saliva
Immobile stance
Feline Biting the queen at neck Crouching, head rubbing
and rolling
Nuzzling – rub or push against with nose
Sniffing - smelling
Grooming - cleaning
Crouching – bending the knee and bringing the body forward and down

Many species such as the bull, ram and bucks smell the
genetalia as well as the urine and exhibit the flehmen
response which is characterized by elevation of head and
curling of the upper lip.
The vomeronasal organ is an accessory olfactory organ and
is connected to two small openings in the anterior roof of
the mouth just behind the upper lip.
Curling of the upper lip closes the nostrils and allows a
suckling response to occur in the naso-palatine duct.
Less volatile substances are aspirated into the naso-
palatine organ where they are evaluated by sensory
neurons.
Flehmen response The Flehmen’s reflex is noticed in all animals except PIGS

Sexual arousal
Among all stimuli the visual stimuli is
important for the sexual arousal.
The courtship behaviors will end in
immobile stance/willingness to mate by the
female, which stimulates the significant
sexual arousal in male animals.
Lordosis behavior or presenting, is the
naturally occurring body posture for sexual
receptivity to copulation present in most
mammals including rodents, elephants,
and cats.
Species Signs of sexual arousal
Bovine Penile protrusion with dribbling of
seminal fluid with few spermatozoa,
erection and attempted mounts
Equine Penile protrusion with no pre-
ejaculatory expulsion of seminal fluid
Ovine and
caprine
Repeated dorsal elevation of scrotum,
Penile protrusion with no dribbling of
seminal fluid
Boar Penile protrusion, shallow pelvic
thrusts, attempted mounting

The penis of bull, ram and boar is
fibroelastic hence during penile erection
the diameter of penis do not increase much
Penile erection is
under
parasympathetic
nerves
The stallion penis is vascular
in nature hence there is
significant increase in size
during penile erection
Erection of penis

Penile protrusion
The erection will lead to the separation
of the glans penis from the prepuce and
protrusion of the penis.
During this period, the dribbling of the
secretions of Cowper’s gland are noticed
in bulls.
The male will keep its chin on the
receptive female and the female will
stand quietly to allow the male to mount

COPULATORY BEHAVIOUR
Mounting
The sexually stimulated active male mounts the
female. Few initial mountings may not be
successful with dribbling from the penis.
During this process of mounting the movement of
hind limbs and contractions of rectus abdominis
muscle will align the penis horizontally and
vertically to seek the vulva for intromission
The male will fix its fore limbs around the females
body and will perform rhythmic pelvic thrusts.

Intromission
Dr. GN Purohit - Confidential - Content & Video Not Permitted for Commercial Purposes
Successful entry of the penis into the vagina is called as
intromission.
The thrusting movement of the pelvis will help intromission.
The vulvar moisture and heat is identified by to and pro
movement of the penis and the sensory nerves of the penis is
stimulated. This is major factor for intromission.
Stallion oscillates the pelvis many times,
engorgement of penis occurs and finally
the intromission occurs.

Pelvic thrust result in
ejaculation
Short ejaculators (1-3
sec) ex: bull, ram
Sustained copulators
(up to 30 min) ex: boar
and dog
Intermediate copulators
(20 sec to 1 min) ex:
stallion
In bull and ram the temperature is important
whereas in the stallion and boar the pressure is
important for ejaculation
Ejaculation

Species Volume of
ejaculate
Site of semen
deposition
Duration of copulation
Bovine 3-5 ml Anterior vagina,
external os of the
cervix
1-3 sec
Equine 75-120 ml Cervix and uterus 20-60 sec
Caprine/ovine 0.8-2 ml Fornix vagina 1-2 sec
Swine 200-250 ml uterus 5-30 min
Dog 1-5 ml Uterus 20-30 min
Camel 1-12 mL Partly intra-uterine
and partly intra-
cervical
10-20 min

DISMOUNTING
Following ejaculation the
male dismounts the
female and penis is
withdrawn in prepuce
Post coital play
is rare in farm
animals
like cattle,
swine and
horse.
The male goat
licks the penis
after ejaculation
The period after mating during
which the male or female will not
engage in copulatory behavior
REFRACTORY
PERIOD
POSTCOPULATORY BEHAVIOURGOVINDNARAYANPUROHIT(GNPSir)

Refractory Period
Most males will not show interest towards female immediately
after ejaculation.
Restimulation may occur after the refractory period.
The boar and stallion reach exhaustion after few ejaculations
than bull and ram.
The Coolidge effect can be defined as the
restoration of mating behavior in males that
have reached sexual satiation when the
original female is replaced a novel female.

FACTORS AFFECTING SEX DRIVE (LIBIDO)
The male sexual behavior (sex drive) is affected by the certain factors
Individual.
Sexual experience.
Presence of opposite sex partner.
Metrological attributes.
Hormone.
Pheromone.
Management.
Nutrition.
Growth.
Genetics.
Individual animal
The sex is an inherent instinct of individual.
The animal having pendulous sheath shows longer reaction time. Whereas, the old individual has
poor-worst sex libido.
The temperament of individual animals plays a vital role in sexual behaviour.
Aged animals and young animals show a marked difference in the sex libido.

Re-cap – What we learned
Sexual behavior in males comprises of libido (The desire for sex) and mating ability
(ability to complete mating).
The mating behavior of males has been classified into pre-copulatory, copulatory and
post-copulatory behavior.
The pre-copulatory behavior includes searching, courtship, flehmen reaction, sexual
arousal and penile erection and protrusion.
The copulatory behavior includes mounting, intromission and ejaculation.
The post-copulatory behavior include dismounting and refractory period.
The factors that affect the libido include nutrition, genetics, management and
environment.

Contact me
Prof. Dr. G.N Purohit
MVSC, PhD, MNVAS
Head Dept. Veterinary (Gynecology & Obstetrics)
College of veterinary & Animal Science, Bikaner, Raj.India.
Email:gnpobs@gmail.com
Linked in : linkedin.com/in/dr-govind-narayan-purohit-13a04a17
YouTube Channel link : https://www.youtube.com/user
/gnpobs61/videos

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Andrology lecture 10 sexual behavior in male animals

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