BECOMING A MEMBER OF A SOCIETY
1.Enculturation/Socialization
a. Identification formation (identities, disciplines)
b. Norms and Values
c. Statuses and Roles
2.Conformity and deviance
a. Social control (gossip, social ostracism,law and punishments
b. Forms of deviance (ritualism,retreatism,rebellion and innovation
3. Human dignity, rights and common GOOD

Enculturation/Socialization
a. Identity Formation (Identities, Disciplines, Aspirations)
b. Norms and Values
c. Statuses and roles

OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING PICTURES

Socialization
-Socialization is important in the process of personality formation. While much of human personality
is the result of our genes, the socialization process can mold it in particular directions by encouraging
specific beliefs and attitudes as well as selectively providing experiences.
Successful socialization can result in uniformity within a society. If all children receive the same socialization, it
is likely that they will share the same beliefs and expectations. This fact has been a strong motivation for
national governments around the world to standardize education and make it compulsory for all
children. Deciding what things will be taught and how they are taught is a powerful political tool for
controlling people. Those who internalize the norms of society are less likely to break the law or to want
radical social changes. In all societies, however, there are individuals who do not conform to culturally defined
standards of normalcy because they were "abnormally" socialized, which is to say that they have not
internalized the norms of society. These people are usually labeled by their society as deviant or even mentally
ill.

Socialization is known as the process of inducting the
individual into the social world. The term
socialization refers to the process of interaction
through which the growing individual learns the
attitudes, values and beliefs of the social group into
which he has been born

Enculturation
Process where all individuals undergo throughout his life, it is both a
conscious and unconscious procedure starting from birth until to
death. In connection to that, it happens not only when a person
goes to school for formal education, but, Enculturation happens
through family, peers and other individuals that socializes with the
person throughout his lifetime.
Through enculturation, a person would be able to learn and
understand social norms, values and languages behavior and other
important things about the person’s culture.

A person would be conscious of his rights,
obligations and privileges.

Theories on How the Self,
as a Product of Socialization
1. Freud’s model of personality- Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939) combine basic needs and the
influence of society into a model of personality
with three parts: id, ego, and superego.

Theories on How the Self,
as a Product of Socialization
Jean Piaget's theory-Cognitive Development. Through a series of
stages, Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development: the sensorimotor,
preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational period.
2. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development- studies human recognition,
or how people think and understand. Identified four stages of Cognitive
Development
STAGE 1- Sensorimotor Stage (first two years of life)-development at
which individuals know the world only through FIVE SENSES
STAGE 2- PREOPERATIONAL STAGE (about age two-seven)
Individual first use language and other symbols

Theories on How the Self,
as a Product of Socialization
3. STAGE 3 –CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE (between
the age of 7-11) individuals first see causal connections in
their surroundings. A child is capable of performing a
variety of mental operations and thoughts
using concrete concepts.
4.STAGE 4- FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE (about age 12)
individual thinks abstractly and critically

Theories on How the Self,
as a Product of Socialization
3. Mead’s Theory of the Social self
George Herbert Mead
“Self” is a part of our personality and includes self-awareness and self-
image
Mead believed that people develop self-images through interactions with
other people. He argued that the self, which is the part of a person's
personality consisting of self-awareness and self-image, is a product of
social experience.

George Herbert Mead described the early childhood self-
development in three stages:
Preparatory stage (birth – 3 years old) In this stage, the children
engaged in social interaction with others by imitation.
Play stage ( 3 years old – 5 years old) .
Game stage (6 years old – 9 years old)

Theories on How the Self,
as a Product of Socialization
4. Cooley’s Looking-glass self
The looking-glass self is a social psychological concept, created by Charles Horton
Cooley in 1902, stating that a person's self grows out of society's interpersonal
interactions and the perceptions of others
Cooley believed that it is through these interactions that one begins to develop an
idea of who they are; therefore, the self is a product of our social interactions. There
are three phases to the development of self, according to the looking glass self
theory: We imagine how we present ourselves to others.

AGENTS of SOCIALIZATION

As being part of the SOCIETY, people are taught about how an
individual should act in a given situation. People are always expected
to act in one way or another.
There are certain NORMS and VALUES that affect how people behave.
NORMS and VALUES play an important role in the SOCIETY as they
both create an EXCELLENT MODEL OF BEHAVIOR

 VALUES – abstract and intangible
 NORMS-more specific NORMS means KAUGALIAN
 Social norms are generally derived from Values since VALUES are the
beliefs or qualities that a society uphold or idealize. Values are set as to
what the society wants to become.
That is why societies have different norms, rules or laws that embody the
values which aim to make people conform and exhibit desirable behaviors.

However once these laws are not followed,
non-conformity or deviance is committed which
violates the social norms. Because of that norms and values
greatly influence how people make decisions.

STATUS AND ROLES
In addition, each individual in the SOCIETY has its own
STATUS and ROLES.
STATUS- generally defined as POSITION or RANK. The
relative social, professional, or other standing of someone or
something.
Social Stratification- hierarchy of social worth

2 types of STATUS
1. Achieved Status- obtaining through ones own achievement
and merit. Achieved through their efforts (teacher,
doctor,parent,high school graduate)
2Ascribed Status- obtained not through achievement but
rather through birth. It is something that an individual is born
into. Example (gender, eye color, race, and ethnicity, height,
weight)

ROLE- what
individual is
expected to
do, given
status
Everyone
has the
capacity to
play various
roles in a
society.

WHAT IS YOUR ROLE AS A STUDENT?

CONFORMITY and DEVIANCE
SOCIAL CONTROL- process of creating and maintaining stability,
the power of society over individuals. It is important to have social
control because it elicits social certain behavior which empowers
individuals to conforms to the norms.
Given this, society is known to be a collection of harmonious
relationship between individuals. WITHOUT HARMONY, there would
be no existing relationship and there would be NO SOCIETY.
IDEA OF SOCIAL CONTROL: INVOLVED REWARD AND
PUNISHMENTS

Deviant behavior is defined as
behavior that elicits a strong
negative reaction from others.
Conformity is the act of
matching attitudes, beliefs,
and behaviors to group norms.
Norms are implicit, specific
rules, shared by a group of
individuals, that guide their
interactions

REWARDS- given to individuals who exemplified the
values and norms, usually those who conform
IN CONTRAST
PUNISHMENTS- are given to those individuals who
deviate from social norms

THINK
Is Gossiping (tsismis) and ostracism
(magtakwil) is positive or negative or both?

Study by Robb Willer and Matthew Feinberg
Gossiping and Social Ostracism = elicit positive effects
According to Feinberg, gossiping and ostracism in their groups
were able to reform bullies, encourage cooperation

Gossip- casual conversation or reports about other people,
typically involving details which are not conformed as true
Social ostracism- being ignored by other’s who are in ones
presence
Personality-the combination of characteristics or qualities
that form an individuals distinctive character

To further understand deviance and society ROBERT MERTON, a
famous sociologist conceptualized theory which is called
“STRUCTURAL STRAIN THEORY”. It explains behaviors that don’t
satisfy the norms of society
The theory states that social structures may pressure citizens to
commit crimes. Strain may be structural, which refers to the
processes at the societal level that filter down and affect how the
individual perceives his or her needs.

5 DIFFERENT GROUPS OF PEOPLE
1.Conformist- Accepted Goal. Accepted Means. Group of
people that follow the norms, and also trust the system which
would help them achieve their goals.
2.Ritualists- Reject Goal. Accept Means.
3.Innovators.Accept Goal, Reject Means
4.Retrealists- Reject Goals.Reject Means
5.Rebels- Reject Goal. Reject Mean

Ritualists- These are the people that reject or do not believe in the goals of
the society. However, they still accept means by doing the same things as
what conformist do.Not necessarily mean as lawbreaker.
Innovators- opposite of ritualists, people that accept the society’s goal,
however they reject on how to get the society’s goal. Lawbreaker
Retreatists-These are people who avoid the established goals and avoid the
means of what they should do.
Rebels- These people are those who are not satisfied with the current system,
they are the ones who want to create a change in the system

HUMAN DIGNITY,RIGHTS AND THE
COMMON GOOD
In the conclusion of WORLD WAR II, people recognized the needs of
people to have rights in order to prevent mass killings and holocaust
to ever happen again. People back then realized the importance of
human equality and dignity as the majority of the Jews were tortured
and killed. That realization has become the basis for creating
universal rights for humans, it was also that the protection of human
dignity is a principal driver towards the establishment of the human
rights.

HUMAN DIGNITY
“ALL HUMAN BEINGS ARE BORN FREE AND EQUAL IN DIGNITY
AND RIGHTS” Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR). Therefore, all humans are entitled to having rights
regardless of skin, colorm age,self-esteem,and self-regard. Human
dignity is an intangible idea of one’s self-respect, self-esteem and
self-regard.
Commission on Human Rights- established to oversee the
implementation of human rights
The dignity of a person is something immeasurable,it cannot be
expounded or defined.It is personal and invaluable.

HUMAN RIGHTS
It is a concept which guarantees equality, freedom
from degrading behavior, discrimination and
prejudice views.
It is a set of privileges as simple because of being
human. As to being part of the Modern world,
respecting others and their rights is an important
factor for the common good. WE SHOULD REALIZE
THAT WHENEVER OUR HUMAN RIGHTS ARE
PROTECTED, SO IS OUR HUMAN DIGNITY.

Prepared by: DONNA MAY L.SAJISE
UCSP Teacher