Intro to Biomedical Research - Basic Concepts - How to be a good doctor - A step in Health promotion - By Ibrahim A. Abdelhaleem - Zagazig Medical Research Society (ZMRS)

1. Intro to Biomedical Research
Basic concepts
BY
Ibrahim Abdelmonaem
ZMRS TEAM

2. Undergraduate OR Postgraduate !!!
 Research is a part of life sciences.
 Requirements of doing a research !!!
 Depending on the type of the research ….

3.  Egypt ranks 35th among 233 countries in academic paper submissions in 2018,
rising three places compared with the previous year.
 The number of submissions by Egyptian researchers recorded 22,018 with an
increase of 17.2 percent.
According to the SCImago Journal & Country Rank.

4.  Egypt citations based on Scopus data in April 2020
= 773,777

5. How to be a good doctor ??
 Good practitioner (treat patients).
 Education (training).
 Research (read and apply).

6. Research …
Research is often viewed as the corner stone of scientific progress. It is a systematic process based
on scientific methods that consist of testing hypotheses, careful observation and measurement,
systematic evaluation of data, and drawing valid conclusions.

7. Characteristics of Scientific Research
 It should be systematic
 It should be logical
 It should be empirical
 It should be reductive
 It should be replicable and transmittable
 It should contribute to generalizable knowledge

8. Types of research …
 Retrospective Vs Prospective Research
 Longitudinal Vs Cross-Sectional Research
 Descriptive Vs Analytic Research
 Observational Vs Experimental Research
 Quantitative Vs Qualitative Research
These types
are
integrated or
overlapped

9. As a researcher Think …
 how to benefit ? ....
 What to add ? ….

10. Biomedical research steps …
 Identification of research problem – Research Question
 Carrying out a literature review
 Formulating the research question / research objective
 Proposal writing
 Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval and ethical consideration
 Develop a research design and analytic plan to test the hypothesis
 Data collection
 Data entry, cleaning, and management
 Data analyses
 Research Writing and Publishing

11. Identification of research idea – Research Question

12. Identification of research idea – Research Question
 The first step in any research project is to clearly define the research idea.
 By defining the research idea, you can easily define the objectives and the design required.

13. Sources to develop a research idea
 INTELLECTUAL CURIOSITY
 Scientific literature
 Clinical observations
 Scientific conferences
 Brain storming groups
 Delphi methods
 All research questions can be classified as inquiries about “what,” “why,” or “how.”

14. Carrying out a literature review

15. Carrying out a literature review
 literature review is a systematic, precise, critical method for reading, analyzing, evaluating and
summarizing the existing completed and recorded work produced by researchers and
practitioners.
So that…..
 comprehensive search of the literature acquire a thorough knowledge of relevant earlier
findings, ongoing research, or new theories.

16. literature search help the investigator to determine answers to the
following questions:
 Has the problem been previously addressed? If so, was it adequately studied?
 Are the proposed hypotheses, if any, supported by current theory or knowledge?
 Does the methodology cited in the literature provide guidance on available instrumentation for measuring
variables?
 Are the results of prior studies informative for calculation of sample size and power?
 Did previous investigators describe the limitations of their research or suggest areas for
future study?

17. Sources used in a literature review

18. Formulating the research question /
research objective

19. Formulating the research question / research objective
 A research question is a concise question which expresses what the research project aims to address;
it is the question the researcher wishes to answer
 Good research question follows (FINER) method
• Adequate subject, expertise, affordable
Feasible
• To the investigator and readers
Interesting
• Confirm, extend or refute previous findings and provide new
findings
Novel
• Fulfill safety guidelines
Ethical
• To question area
Relevant

20. Proposal writing

21. Proposal writing
 Proposal is a summary of the suggested process to be used to answer the research
question.
 The proposal should include all key elements involved in the proposed research
process and include sufficient information for readers to evaluate the project.

22. Aims of a research proposal
 Serves as a road map to research project.
 Serves as an initial document to gain ethical approval.
 Serves as a documental method to gain funding source.
 Serves as a documental method to communicate to experts (mentors &
statisticians).

23. Ethical approval –
Institutional Review Board (IRB)

24. Ethical approval - Institutional Review Board (IRB)
 set of rules considered in the conduct of clinical studies.
 Protecting the rights, interests, and safety of research subjects must
continue throughout the study duration.
 Subject safety monitoring is the responsibility of IRBs and data
monitoring committees (DMCs).

25. Research design/Analytic plan to test the
hypothesis

26. Research design/Analytic plan to test the hypothesis
 Selecting the proper study design based on research question & objectives.
 Selecting the group of interest to conduct your research (sample size).
 Selecting statistical tests based on study groups and variables of interest.

27. Data Management

28. Data collection
 The main step by which we collect data that will be analyzed.
 Helps us to reach a conclusion about the research question.
 using data collection tools (Redcap – questionnaire)

29. Data entry and cleaning
 Manipulating data that collected.
 Removing duplicates and handling entry errors.
 using spread sheets (Excel).

30. Data analyses
 Analyze data to prove the hypothesis.
 Using different statistical tests.
 Summarize and visualize end results.
 using soft wares (R, SPSS, STATA).

31. Research Writing and Publishing

32. Research Writing and Publishing
 Writing and discussing the results you obtained from the research
project requires:
 English language skills.
 Ability of Scientific writing.
 Presentation skills.

34. Research …
Research is often viewed as the corner stone of scientific progress. It is a systematic process based
on scientific methods that consist of testing hypotheses, careful observation and measurement,
systematic evaluation of data, and drawing valid conclusions.

35. Finally …
 Integration of what I know … and what I do …
 A step in health promotion.
 A step forward to a medical term known as (EBM).

36. Thank you