Reading Comprehension Skills
References and
Connectives

Nurlaela
201212500785
Chapter 6:
Learning Objectives:
To Recognize
References and
Connectives

Some Strategies of
Reading

Reference Words :
1.Specific words
2.Pronouns
3.Relatives Pronouns
4.Summary words
5.Noun Omissions
6.Repeated Action ReferenceWords

This, That,
These, Those,
Here and There
Example:
My hometown is in
the North of Canada.
That Place is very
cold in the winter.
Specific
Words
Pronouns
I, me, mine,
you, yours, he,
him, etc.
Example:
My nephew stays
with my mother.
He always helps her
with chores.
Relatives Pronouns
Which, who,
whose, where,
why, and what.
Example:
I lost the watch
which my brother
bought me.
Explanations:

Example:
Marry gave some
of her pocket
money to Red
Cross, and you
should likewise.
Example:
Octopuses are
easily tamed and
can be trained to
take food from
your hand. Some
will even pull your
hand open to get
at a tightly held.
Example:
She is clever,
gentle and kind-
hearted. These
are the qualities,
which attracted
everyone around
her.
Repeated Action
Reference Words
Noun Omissions
Summary Words

Let’s do some exercises in the book..!

Connectives:
Connectives are used to make comparisons
or contrast, add to an idea, express a
result, summarize, explain or illustrate,
arrange ideas in order, time to space.

Connectives consist of three different
word classes:
Connectives
Subordinating
conjunction
Coordinating
Conjunctions
Connective
Adverbs

Coordinating Conjunctions:
They are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. We can
remember the acronym FANBOYS.
The example sentences of OR:
1. You can study hard for this exam or you can
fail.
2. We can broil chicken on the grill tonight, or we can just
leftovers.
3. The new Hampshire state motto is the rather
grim “live free or die”.

Subordinating Conjunctions
After If only Than
Because Now that where
before once whereas
Common Subordinating Conjunctions
Examples:
● After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more
independent,
● Gerald had to begun his thesis over again when his
computer crashed.

Connective Adverbs
Connective Adverbs or conjunctive adverbs such as
however, moreover, nevertheless, consequently, as
result are used to create complex relationships between
ideas.
Examples:
● The tire was flat; therefore, we called a service station.
● It was a hot day; nevertheless, the roofers worked on
the project all day.

Example: References and connectives.
Sir John said that in the future, computers would be
developed which would be small enough to carry in the
pocket. Ordinary people would then be able to use them to
obtain valuable information. Computers could be plugged into a
national network and be used like radios. For instance, people
going on holiday could be informed about weather condition;
car drivers could be give alternative routs when there are
traffic jams. It will also be possible to make a tiny translating
machine. This will enable people who do not share a common
language to talk to each other without any difficulty or to read
foreign publications.

Find the References and Connectives..!
Transplant surgery, once only a futuristic notion, is
fast becoming a daily event. For many, however,
the bitter reality is a waiting list, and in the case of
heart-lung candidates, most die before the donor
appears.
In some countries, the donor shortage problem
many be alleviated now that people can pledge their
organs after death by signing their consent on their
driver’s license.

Thanks for your attention